An observational study in Temporomandibular Disorder, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, sponsored by Hacettepe University. Recruiting at 2 sites in Turkey. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 64 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-13.
Sponsored by Hacettepe University · Observational
The aim of this study is to investigate the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) in individuals with temporomandibular disorder. The following are alternative hypotheses of the study:
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Depression), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (Physical Symptoms), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Anxiety), Short Form-36 (Quality of Life), Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory (Disability), and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (Function) will be administered to participants. For reliability analysis, test-retest stability evaluations will be repeated with the same questionnaire on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval. To determine responsiveness, the same questionnaire will be reapplied to the same 30 individuals at 3-month intervals.
Patients with temporomandibular disorder
Exclusion Criteria:
Other: Validity and reliability analyses
Validity and reliability analyses will be performed using Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Short Form-36, Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory, and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire.
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring depression
Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring physical symptoms
Patient Health Questionnaire-15. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 2 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring quality of life
Short Form-36. It is a 36-item valid and reliable evaluation with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The SF-36 also contains a single question called "health transition" that measures how respondents feel their over health status has changed over the course of a year.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring disability
Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring function
Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Test-retest stability of BETY-BQ
The Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire will be repeated on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval.
Time frame: From baseline to 2nd week
Internal consistency of BETY-BQ
Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: No
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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders→
Hacettepe University