An observational study in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, sponsored by AO Innovation Translation Center. Recruiting at 23 sites in 15 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-16.
Sponsored by AO Innovation Translation Center · Observational
Prospective data will be collected in approximately 200 patients treated with an TMJ replacement. Patients will be followed up according to the standard (routine) for up to 5 years after the treatment. Data collection will include underlying disease, treatment details, functional and patient reported outcomes (PRO)s and anticipated or procedure-related adverse events (i.e. complications).
This registry is designed to be able to assess the number of patients who refuse alloplastic total TMJ replacement. Therefore, the participating sites are asked to register all cases of refused TMJ replacements too.
More in detail this registry has the following objectives:
Patients requiring alloplastic total TMJ replacement
Informed consent obtained, i.e.:
Exclusion Criteria:
All treatments will remain the standard (routine) care procedures based on individual clinician's judgment and the patient characteristics. The registry does not dictate any specific treatment.
The registry has no primary but several objectives.
due to the study design, no primary objective has been defined and therefore no primary outcome measure either
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Demographics
Year of birth Gender Smoking
Time frame: pre-operative
Comorbidities
Concomitant diseases will be assessed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). This score assesses the comorbidity level by considering both the number and severity of pre-defined comorbid conditions. It provides a weighted score of a patient's comorbidities which can be used to predict mortality rates
Time frame: pre-operative
Refusal of alloplastic total TMJ replacement surgery
For patients who require alloplastic total TMJ replacement but refuse surgery, the reason(s) for refusal will be collected.
Time frame: pre-operative
Clinical and functional outcomes - Mandibular movements
Interincisial opening/maximal opening Lateral movements Protrusive movement
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Clinical and functional outcomes - Occlusal status
Occlusion will be assessed according to Angle's classification:
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Clinical and functional outcomes - Dentition
Dental status will be recorded as: * Edentulous * Complete dentition * Partial dentition In case of partial dentition, missing teeth will be recorded individually using the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) tooth numbering formula .
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Clinical and functional outcomes - Helkimo Clinical dysfunction index
The dysfunction of the mandible will be evaluated by means of the Helkimo index. The Helkimo index is based on the assessment of five different symptoms.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Patient Reported Outcomes - Pain numeric rating scale (NRS)
The Pain NRS is an 11-point scale where the end points are the extremes of no pain (0 points), to worst imaginable pain (10 points). It measures subjective intensity of pain and the patient rates his/her overall or average daily pain. Will be assessed independently for each site.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Patient Reported Outcomes - Jaw function NRS
The jaw function NRS is an 11-point scale where the end points are the extremes of normal jaw movement (0 points), to no jaw movement (10 points). It measures subjective jaw function.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Patient Reported Outcomes - Diet limitation NRS
The diet limitation NRS is an 11-point scale where the end points are the extremes of no restrictions (0 points), to liquids only (10 points). It measures subjective diet limitations.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Patient Reported Outcomes - EuroQoL five dimension (EQ-5D-5L)
The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results into a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months
Patient Reported Outcomes - Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) - 14
The OHIP is concerned with impairment and three functional status dimensions (social, psychological and physical) which represent four of the seven quality of life dimensions proposed by Patrick and Bergner. Hence, it excludes perceptions of satisfaction with oral health, changes in oral health, prognosis or self-reported diagnoses. Furthermore, the OHIP aims to capture impacts that are related to oral conditions in general, rather than impacts that may be attributed to specific oral disorders or syndromes. All impacts in the OHIP are conceptualized as adverse outcomes, and therefore the instrument does not measure any positive aspects of oral health. The OHIP consists of 14 items evaluated using a 5-point Likert from "Never" to "Very often " in which higher scores indicated worse outcomes. It has validated translations to Swedish, Spanish, German, Hindi and further more.
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months
Anticipated treatment or condition-related adverse events (i.e. complications)
In this registry, only anticipated condition, treatment-, or implant-related adverse events (i.e. complications) will be documented in the electronic case report form (eCRF) from the time of consent onwards. In the context of the registry, these events are considered as events of scientific interest, i.e. events that can clearly be connected to the treatment(s) or the medical condition under investigation. These events do not require immediate reporting unless they occur at a higher frequency and/or severity to that cited in the literature
Time frame: from the pre-operative assessment until 60 months after surgery (10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months)
Survival
Follow up (FU) visits will be scheduled and performed according to the local standard of care and at each scheduled visit the patient's survival will be documented. In case a patient misses a scheduled visit, it will be assessed if the patient is still alive, which can be done via phone call.
Time frame: 10 days / 3 months / 6 months / 12 months / 24 months / 60 months
Radiological parameters - Displacement of ramus component
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and 'displacement of ramus component' evaluated by local investigator:
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Radiological parameters - Fracture of ramus component
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and evaluated by local investigator if a 'fracture of the ramus component' occurred
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Radiological parameters - Screw loosening
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and evaluated by local investigator if 'screw loosening' occurred
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Radiological parameters - Resorption/ osteolysis of surrounding bone
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and 'resorption/ osteolysis of surrounding bone' evaluated by local investigator
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Radiological parameters - Status of bone grafts if used (displaced/ resorbed/ healed)
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and 'status of bone grafts if used (displaced/ resorbed/ healed)' evaluated by local investigator
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Radiological parameters - Presence of ectopic bone
All images (preferably computed tomography (CT) / cone beam (CB) CT scan) taken as part of the standard (routine) will be collected and 'presence of ectopic bone' evaluated by local investigator
Time frame: pre-operative / 10 days / 12 months / 24 months
Plan to share: No
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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders→
AO Innovation Translation Center