ClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT07934914Updated Nov 13, 2026

Endovascular Brain-Computer Interface for Upper-Limb Paralysis

An interventional study of Endovascular Venous BCI Type-A Sensor and BCI-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation in Stroke, Hemiplegia and Spinal Cord Injury, sponsored by Wei Wu. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-13.

Sponsored by Wei Wu · Not applicable, Interventional, and Device feasibility

Updated Nov 13, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
2
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
20 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 611 studies in Stroke with a site in China — 240 open to participants now, 261 under way, 21 of them phase 3. Stroke · China.

Planned enrollment
418th of 431
2 · median 170
Started
2026
with 63 others
No phase
263 of 611
122 open now
Primary completion
2027-06
later than 167 of 260 live
Registered
611th of 611
by date

Among the 611 studies in Stroke with a site in China, this one is the 418th largest by planned enrollment of the 431 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 64 that started in 2026, is one of 263 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 167 of the 260 other live ones, and was the 611th registered.

Stroke

8,258 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,055 are open to participants now.

Browse Stroke studies →

Open to participants now

240 of the 611 studies in Stroke with a site in China are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

235 more — sign in →

All 240 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in China have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in China →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,415 Stroke studies recruiting now, 695 (49%) set no upper age limit and 280 (20%) stop at 75 or younger; 77 take children under 18; 195 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 20 Years to 75 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 611 studies in Stroke with a site in China, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

This study tests the safety and feasibility of a new type of brain-computer interface (BCI) in people with severe paralysis caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A BCI records signals directly from the brain and uses them to control external devices. In this study, a small stent-shaped sensor (a metal mesh tube carrying tiny electrodes) is placed inside a vein on the surface of the brain through a needle puncture in a large vein below the collarbone, so no open-brain surgery is needed. Once in place, the sensor records brain activity while participants imagine or attempt movements.

Two participants will be enrolled. One participant with stroke-related arm paralysis who still has rehabilitation potential will receive closed-loop functional electrical stimulation (FES): when the BCI detects the intention to move the paralyzed hand, electrical pulses are delivered to the arm muscles, producing real movement and sensory feedback. This pairing of intention and movement may help the brain rebuild damaged pathways. The other participant with ALS or severe paraplegia and no realistic chance of recovering voluntary movement will use the same sensor to control a robotic arm that helps perform daily tasks such as eating, grasping objects, and opening a door.

For both participants, the study lasts about 60 days after sensor implantation. Training sessions last 45 minutes per day during weeks 2 to 4. Imaging (brain CT and CT venography), electroencephalography (EEG), blood tests, and movement or daily-living assessments are performed at regular intervals. After the week-4 evaluation, the sensor is either removed (short-term group) or left in place for continued monitoring (long-term group), based on the participant's own choice made before enrollment and on clinical judgment. The main measures are safety (side effects, blood clots, bleeding, device problems), quality of the recorded brain signals, accuracy of decoding movement intention, and improvement in arm function or daily-task performance.

Read the detailed description

Study design and schedule. This is an investigator-initiated, single-center, exploratory, paired one-to-one study. Each participant undergoes the following schedule: screening and baseline assessments (including MRI, MRV/CTV, task-state fMRI or magnetoencephalography, 24-hour EEG, SWI-MRI, and laboratory tests); dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 100 mg once daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg once daily) starting 2 weeks before implantation and continuing for 3 months; endovascular implantation under general anesthesia; decoder calibration during post-implantation week 1; task-specific closed-loop training (FES for the rehabilitation group, robotic arm for the assistance group) during weeks 2 to 4; and follow-up with assessments on post-implantation days 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60.

Device. The endovascular venous BCI Type-A sensor is a self-expanding nitinol stent (diameter 6 mm) carrying pure platinum electrodes (300 micrometers in diameter, 50 micrometers thick). It is delivered through the subclavian vein into the superior sagittal sinus or a cortical vein overlying the hand area of the motor cortex, using fusion of 3-dimensional venography with MRI for targeting. The sensor is connected to a chest-wall implanted relay and telemetry unit.

Safety monitoring. Brain CT is performed immediately and 24 hours after implantation; CT venography and EEG are repeated at scheduled visits; vital signs are monitored every 15 minutes for the first 4 hours after implantation. Adverse events are coded with MedDRA 24.1 and reported to the Ethics Committee. Participation of an individual will be stopped if cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, or status epilepticus occurs.

Statistics. This is an exploratory feasibility study of 2 participants; no hypothesis of therapeutic superiority will be tested. Continuous variables will be described as mean +/- standard deviation or median (interquartile range); categorical variables as counts and percentages. Missing data will not be imputed. Decoding models will be evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation.

03

Conditions studied

  • Stroke
  • Hemiplegia
  • Spinal Cord Injury
  • Paraplegia and Tetraplegia
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Other Neuromuscular Disorders

Keywords

  • Brain-Computer Interface
  • Endovascular Stent Electrode
  • Functional Electrical Stimulation
  • Motor Intention Decoding
  • Robotic Arm
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
20 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Clinical diagnosis of one of the following movement disorders:

post-stroke hemiplegia, paraplegia due to spinal cord injury, or ALS (limb-onset spinal type or progressive muscular atrophy type)

  • Rehabilitation group only: disease duration within 6 months, residual upper-limb motor potential (muscle strength grade >=1), with activatable target motor cortex confirmed by fMRI or magnetoencephalography (MEG)
  • Assistance group only: ALS diagnosed by revised El Escorial criteria or severe paraplegia (ASIA grade A/B), with no realistic prospect of recovering voluntary movement
  • Age 20 to 75 years
  • greater than 12 months
  • Normal venous sinus anatomy with two patent jugular veins large enough to accommodate the device and patent bilateral transverse sinuses, confirmed by MRV or CTV within the last 3 months, or willingness to undergo MRV/CTV assessment if venous anatomy is unknown
  • Evidence of activation in the target motor cortex near the superior sagittal sinus during limb movement, confirmed by fMRI or MEG
  • No significant visual impairment
  • Written signed by the participant or legal guardian
  • Clear expressed preference for either short-term sensor removal (approximately 1 month after implantation) or long-term retention until the end of follow-up, documented in a signed preference confirmation form
  • Vascular lesions (stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm) requiring further intervention discovered during angiography do not affect eligibility; such treatment may proceed 24 hours after angiography

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unwillingness to comply with all study procedures
  • In the investigator's opinion, unrealistic expectations regarding the benefits, risks, and limitations of implantation or surgery
  • Dementia or cognitive impairment sufficient to affect capacity to provide or to comply with the protocol (e.g., \<24, ECAS, or other assessment), or epileptiform discharges on EEG
  • to MRI, or microbleeds on SWI-MRI
  • Presence of an active implanted stimulation device (e.g., cardiac pacemaker, deep brain stimulator, spinal cord stimulator)
  • Pregnancy, pregnancy planned within 1 year, or breastfeeding
  • Judged unsuitable for general anesthesia by an anesthesiologist or respiratory physician
  • Venous anatomy unsuitable for superior sagittal sinus implantation as assessed by an experienced neurointerventionalist (e.g., isolated dominant superior anastomotic/Trolard vein or other unfavorable venous variants)
  • Contraindication to angiography, including chronic kidney injury ( \<60 mL/min)
  • Known allergy to contrast agent
  • Any bleeding disorder (to be tested for if clinical status is unknown), resistance to aspirin and/or clopidogrel, or any contraindication to antithrombotic therapy
  • Allergy to any material contained in the implanted device
  • History of deep vein thrombosis or current hormone replacement therapy
  • Any serious illness that, in the investigators' opinion, could severely limit the ability to participate in the study
  • Inability to comply with follow-up, or absence of a family member or caregiver able to attend the consent process and support study visits
  • History of any of the following: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, hydrocephalus after cranioplasty, other severe cardiopulmonary disease, or cancer
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Device feasibility
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
2 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Rehabilitation Group (BCI-FES)

    Participants with post-stroke hemiplegia who still have rehabilitation potential. After endovascular implantation of the venous BCI Type-A sensor, they receive decoder calibration during week 1, followed by daily 45-minute closed-loop functional electrical stimulation (FES) training during weeks 2 to 4, in which imagined or attempted hand movements decoded from brain signals trigger electrical stimulation of the paralyzed forearm muscles with real-time visual feedback. Stimulation intensity is adjusted dynamically, with a mandatory 2-minute rest every 10 minutes.

    Device: Endovascular Venous BCI Type-A Sensor · Device: BCI-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation

  • Experimental
    Assistance Group (BCI Robotic Arm)

    Participants with ALS or severe paraplegia with no realistic prospect of recovering voluntary movement. After endovascular implantation of the venous BCI Type-A sensor, they complete decoder calibration during week 1, followed by daily 45-minute robotic arm training during weeks 2 to 4, in which decoded movement intention is used to control a bionic robotic arm for simulated daily tasks such as eating, grasping objects, and opening a door.

    Device: Endovascular Venous BCI Type-A Sensor · Device: BCI-Controlled Bionic Robotic Arm

Interventions

  • DeviceEndovascular Venous BCI Type-A Sensor

    A self-expanding nitinol stent (diameter 6 mm) carrying pure platinum electrodes, implanted under general anesthesia via the subclavian vein into the superior sagittal sinus or a cortical vein overlying the hand area of the motor cortex, using fusion of 3-dimensional venography with MRI for targeting. The sensor is connected to a chest-wall implanted relay and telemetry unit for wireless signal transmission.

  • DeviceBCI-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation

    Closed-loop functional electrical stimulation of the paralyzed forearm muscles, triggered in real time by decoded movement intention. Daily 45-minute sessions during post-implantation weeks 2 to 4.

  • DeviceBCI-Controlled Bionic Robotic Arm

    A bionic robotic arm controlled by decoded movement intention, used to perform simulated daily tasks. Daily 45-minute training sessions during post-implantation weeks 2 to 4. Response latency, task success rate, and false trigger rate are recorded.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events

    Number and percentage of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events, including device- or procedure-related events such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage or infarction, device migration, infection, and epileptiform discharges. Events are coded with MedDRA version 24.1.

    Time frame: From sensor implantation through post-implantation day 60

  2. Device Technical Success Rate

    Number and percentage of participants in whom the endovascular venous BCI Type-A sensor is successfully deployed in the target venous sinus and remains functional (wireless signal transmission) through post-implantation day 60.

    Time frame: Sensor implantation through post-implantation day 60

  3. Effective Signal Bandwidth of the Endovascular Sensor

    Effective bandwidth of neural signals recorded by the endovascular venous BCI Type-A sensor, in hertz (Hz), assessed by power spectral analysis of recorded signals. Higher values indicate better signal fidelity.

    Time frame: Each recording session from the first post-implantation recording through day 60

  4. BCI Decoding Trigger Success Rate

    Percentage of successfully triggered system commands in 10 randomly selected motor-imagery tasks per assessment session (protocol-defined target \>=90%). Higher percentages indicate better decoding performance.

    Time frame: Post-implantation weeks 1 to 4

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Motor Cortex Activation Volume on fMRI or MEG (Rehabilitation Group)

    Change in activation volume of upper-limb motor areas during motor tasks on functional MRI or magnetoencephalography (activation volume in cubic centimeters; greater volume indicates greater activation; protocol target \>=15% increase).

    Time frame: Baseline and monthly through day 60

  2. Change in Barthel Index Score

    Change in Barthel Index score from baseline, a measure of activities of daily living (range 0-100; higher scores indicate greater independence).

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  3. Change in SF-36 Quality-of-Life Score

    Change in Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores from baseline. (Scale and summary scores range 0-100; higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life)

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 14, 30, and 60

  4. Quantitative EEG Indices

    Relative band power of delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands; relative alpha variability; and cerebral state index derived from quantitative electroencephalography. Each index is reported separately.

    Time frame: Baseline (24-hour EEG) and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  5. Glasgow Outcome Scale Score

    Glasgow Outcome Scale score at the end of follow-up (range 1-5; higher scores indicate better neurological outcome; GOS 1-3 unfavorable, GOS 4-5 favorable).

    Time frame: Post-implantation day 60

  6. Change in Surface EMG Integral Value of Flexor Carpi Radialis (Rehabilitation Group)

    Change in integral surface electromyography value (in microvolt-seconds) of the affected flexor carpi radialis, reflecting muscle recruitment (protocol target \>=50% increase; higher values indicate greater muscle recruitment).

    Time frame: Baseline through day 60, assessed weekly

  7. Change in NIHSS Score

    Change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale total score from baseline (range 0-42; higher scores indicate more severe neurological impairment).

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  8. BCI Decoding False-Trigger Rate

    Percentage of triggered commands classified as false triggers (lower percentages indicate better decoding specificity).

    Time frame: Post-implantation weeks 1 to 4

  9. Electrode Impedance

    Electrode impedance of the endovascular sensor in ohms, measured monthly. Lower impedance indicates better electrode-tissue contact.

    Time frame: Monthly through post-implantation day 60

  10. Data Loss Rate

    Percentage of recording data lost or discarded per session. Lower percentages indicate more reliable data acquisition.

    Time frame: Each recording session through post-implantation day 60

  11. Inter-Channel Signal Consistency

    Consistency of signal amplitude across electrode channels, expressed as an inter-channel correlation coefficient (range 0-1; higher values indicate greater consistency).

    Time frame: Monthly through post-implantation day 60

  12. Change in Affected Upper-Limb Muscle Strength Grade (Rehabilitation Group)

    Change from baseline, assessed by manual muscle testing (Medical Research Council scale, 0-5; higher grades indicate greater strength). Protocol target: improvement of at least 1 grade.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  13. Change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper-Extremity Score (Rehabilitation Group)

    Change from baseline (0-34 points as specified in the protocol; higher scores indicate better upper-limb motor function). Protocol target: increase of at least 40%.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  14. Change in Wolf Motor Function Test Completion Time (Rehabilitation Group)

    Change from baseline under the assisted condition, in seconds (no fixed range; shorter times indicate better performance). Protocol target: reduction of at least 10%.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 7, 14, 30, and 60

  15. Success Rate of Key Daily-Living Tasks With the BCI-Controlled Robotic Arm (Assistance Group)

    Percentage of key daily tasks (eating, opening a door, grasping objects) successfully completed using the robotic arm (0-100%; higher percentages indicate better task performance). Protocol target: at least 80%.

    Time frame: Post-implantation weeks 2 to 4, and days 30 and 60

  16. Training Compliance Rate

    Percentage of planned training sessions completed, recorded in training logs.

    Time frame: Post-implantation weeks 1 to 4

  17. Change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Total Score

    Change from baseline. The HADS is a 14-item self-report questionnaire with anxiety and depression subscales, each scored 0 to 21 (total 0-42); higher scores indicate worse anxiety and depressive symptoms.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-implantation days 30 and 60

  18. Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction With Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) Score

    Satisfaction with the assistive technology system assessed by the QUEST 2.0, a 12-item questionnaire scored on a 5-point satisfaction scale (1 = not satisfied at all to 5 = very satisfied); higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.

    Time frame: Post-implantation days 30 and 60

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Biasiucci A, Leeb R, Iturrate I, Perdikis S, Al-Khodairy A, Corbet T, Schnider A, Schmidlin T, Zhang H, Bassolino M, Viceic D, Vuadens P, Guggisberg AG, Millan JDR. Brain-actuated functional electrical stimulation elicits lasting arm motor recovery after stroke. Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 20;9(1):2421. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04673-z. PubMed 29925890 ↗
  • Mitchell P, Lee SCM, Yoo PE, Morokoff A, Sharma RP, Williams DL, MacIsaac C, Howard ME, Irving L, Vrljic I, Williams C, Bush S, Balabanski AH, Drummond KJ, Desmond P, Weber D, Denison T, Mathers S, O'Brien TJ, Mocco J, Grayden DB, Liebeskind DS, Opie NL, Oxley TJ, Campbell BCV. Assessment of Safety of a Fully Implanted Endovascular Brain-Computer Interface for Severe Paralysis in 4 Patients: The Stentrode With Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) Study. JAMA Neurol. 2023 Mar 1;80(3):270-278. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847. PubMed 36622685 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Nov 2026; primary completion for Jun 2027, 7 months later.

Of 3,111 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Stroke, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 46. This study's planned 7 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 3,255 studies reached it within 23 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 46.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 3, 2026
First posted
Nov 13, 2026
StartEst.
Nov 2, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Jun 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 2027
Last update
Nov 13, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Nov 13, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 13, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07934914
Lead sponsor
Wei Wu
Collaborators
Nankai University
Responsible party
Wei Wu (Professor and Chief Physician, Vice Director, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Nov 13, 2026
Start date
Nov 2, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jun 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 13, 2026

Study contacts

wei wu, MD, PhD
Contact
wuweins@163.com
86-13605191968
Wei Wu
Contact
Wei wu, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Professor and Chief Physician, Vice Director, Department of Neurosurgery;The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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