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CompletedNCT03646760iATTENDUpdated Jul 29, 2025Results posted

The Improving ATTENDance to Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial

An interventional study of HYCR and CBCR in Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure and Heart Valve Diseases, sponsored by Henry Ford Health System. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 85 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-07-29.

Sponsored by Henry Ford Health System · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
282
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 85 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The benefits of cardiac rehabilitation are well known. However, despite center based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) representing guideline-based care for patients with cardiovascular disease, most patients do not complete the maximum number of sessions allowed by third party insurance payers. As such, many patients may not be receiving the full clinical benefit ascribed to CR. This study will assess the efficacy of an innovative approach to CR delivery on attendance by combining both center-based and remote- or home-based CR sessions. The intervention group combines center-based CR and remote-/home-based CR and is tailored to the individual needs of each patient, accomplished with the assistance of an easy-to-access telecommunications methodology (telemedicine)

02

Conditions studied

  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Heart Failure
  • Heart Valve Diseases
  • Cardiac Event
  • Angina Pectoris
  • Coronary Artery Disease
03

In context

Myocardial Infarction

2,744 studies on the registry are indexed under Myocardial Infarction; 418 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 282 is above the median of 148 across 1,595 interventional studies indexed under Myocardial Infarction.

Browse Myocardial Infarction studies →

Lead sponsor

Henry Ford Health System is the lead sponsor of 293 studies on the registry; 50 are open to participants now.

Of its 35 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 23 (66%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 85 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Has agreed to participate in CR and has experienced a cardiac event (myocardial infraction, coronary revascularization, heart valve surgery, or cardiac transplant in the past 6 months; diagnosed with chronic, stable AHA/ACC stage B or C heart failure or Canadian class 0-2 stable angina pectoris)
  2. Lives in or plans to remain in the greater Detroit, MI area for the next year
  3. Age 18-85 years of age
  4. Agrees to attend at least one CBCR session
  5. Agrees to scheduling at least 2, up to 3, CR sessions (either CBCR or HYCR)/wk
  6. Has demonstrated to research staff their ability to access and connect to the internet via smart phone or tablet and already has access to satisfactory home- or community-based exercise equipment

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Received a left ventricular assist device, receiving continuous inotropic support (e.g., milrinone), or undergoing hemodialysis
  2. Angina at rest or with a low functional capacity (\< 2 METs)
  3. Advanced cancer, advanced risk for falling, limiting cognitive impairment, or other advanced disorder that limits participation in CR

    1. Advanced risk for falling will be assessed by 5X sit-to-stand test, with a cut-off score of >15 seconds
    2. Cognitive assessment will be completed using the Mini-Cog instrument, with a cut-off score \< 3 used to exclude potential subjects.
  4. Severe arrhythmia unless adequately treated (e.g., implantable cardiac defibrillator)
  5. Pregnant or plan to become pregnant in the next year.
  6. Major cardiovascular procedure or hospitalization planned in the next 6 months
  7. Less than 12 month life expectancy
  8. Participation in another clinical trial that interferes with iATTEND participation, follow-up, data collection, exercise capacity or quality of life.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
282 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)

    Behavioral: HYCR

  • Active comparator
    Center Based cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)

    Behavioral: CBCR

Interventions

  • BehavioralHYCR

    This group involves a hybrid design, with the frequency of center based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) visits and HYCR visits individualized and modified based on the subject's personal preferences and their family, transportation and work constraints. Patients in HYCR will engage in at least one CBCR visit. Patients will have the video app loaded to their smart phone or tablet (or that of a "willing to assist" family member or friend). HYCR patients receive a chest strap/wrist heart rate device to document HR before, during, and/or after exercise during the TM session. Program education for patients in HYCR will be delivered using the twenty-eight, 7-15 min audio PDF's that are free to access from the Health System's web site.

  • BehavioralCBCR

    This group will attend 2-3 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation per week at the investigator's Detroit location. Program education for patients in CBCR will be delivered during eight. 1 hour education lectures taught by staff (exercise physiologists and registered dieticians).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of CR Sessions Completed Within 6 Months in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs. Patients Randomized to Traditional CBCR (Usual Care).

    Time frame: Baseline to 6 months

  2. Percentage of Patients Completing 36 CR Sessions Within 6 Months Among Patients Randomized to the HYCR Program vs. Patients Randomized to the CBCR Program.

    Outcome measure is the percent of people who complete all 36 CR sessions and the mean value reported represents the average percentage for all patients in both study groups.

    Time frame: Baseline to 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Distance Walked During the Six Min Walk (6MW) Test, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

    Improvement in exercise capacity was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

    Time frame: Baseline to 6 months

  2. Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2), in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

    Improvement in exercise capacity was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

    Time frame: Baseline to 6 months

  3. Improvement in Quality of Life (QOL), as Measured by the Total Score for Dartmouth COOP, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

    5-point Likert-type scaling, with 1 being more positive and 5 being more negative. Lower scores indicate higher levels of quality of life. Improvement in qualify of life was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

    Time frame: Baseline to 6 months

07

Results

Posted Jul 29, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Started142140
Completed8178
Not completed6162

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of CR Sessions Completed Within 6 Months in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs. Patients Randomized to Traditional CBCR (Usual Care).
Time frame:
Baseline to 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · Number of cardiac rehab sessions
Number of CR Sessions Completed Within 6 Months in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs. Patients Randomized to Traditional CBCR (Usual Care).
Number of cardiac rehab sessionsHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Number of CR Sessions Completed Within 6 Months in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs. Patients Randomized to Traditional CBCR (Usual Care).28.7 ± 11.827.6 ± 11.8
PrimaryPercentage of Patients Completing 36 CR Sessions Within 6 Months Among Patients Randomized to the HYCR Program vs. Patients Randomized to the CBCR Program.

Outcome measure is the percent of people who complete all 36 CR sessions and the mean value reported represents the average percentage for all patients in both study groups.

Time frame:
Baseline to 6 months
Reported as:
Number · % of patients completing 36 sessions
Percentage of Patients Completing 36 CR Sessions Within 6 Months Among Patients Randomized to the HYCR Program vs. Patients Randomized to the CBCR Program.
% of patients completing 36 sessionsHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Percentage of Patients Completing 36 CR Sessions Within 6 Months Among Patients Randomized to the HYCR Program vs. Patients Randomized to the CBCR Program.58.550.7
SecondaryImprovement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Distance Walked During the Six Min Walk (6MW) Test, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

Improvement in exercise capacity was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

Time frame:
Baseline to 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · Meters
Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Distance Walked During the Six Min Walk (6MW) Test, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.
MetersHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Distance Walked During the Six Min Walk (6MW) Test, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.46 ± 4650 ± 53
SecondaryImprovement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2), in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

Improvement in exercise capacity was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

Time frame:
Baseline to 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · mL/kg/min
Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2), in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.
mL/kg/minHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Improvement in Exercise Capacity, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2), in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.2.3 ± 2.81.9 ± 2.8
SecondaryImprovement in Quality of Life (QOL), as Measured by the Total Score for Dartmouth COOP, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.

5-point Likert-type scaling, with 1 being more positive and 5 being more negative. Lower scores indicate higher levels of quality of life. Improvement in qualify of life was calculated as the change in distance from the start of cardiac rehab (T1) and within 1 week after the last CR session of a patient or 6 months after completing T1 (whichever came first).

Time frame:
Baseline to 6 months
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Improvement in Quality of Life (QOL), as Measured by the Total Score for Dartmouth COOP, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.
units on a scaleHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Improvement in Quality of Life (QOL), as Measured by the Total Score for Dartmouth COOP, in Patients Randomized to HYCR vs Patients Randomized to CBCR.-3.9 ± 5.0-3.4 ± 5.3

Adverse events

Collected over 9-12 months, from the time patient enrolled into the study until they completed final study visit or 12 months from enrollment whichever came first.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)1/142 (0.7%)1/142 (0.7%)8/142 (5.6%)
Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)3/140 (2.1%)0/140 (0%)3/140 (2.1%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
StrokeVascular disorders1/1420/140
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventHybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Unstable AnginaCardiac disorders8/1423/140

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)Total
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years8668154
>=65 years5672128
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)Total
Female454691
Male9794191
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (HYCR)Center Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)Total
American Indian or Alaska Native112
Asian347
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American7676152
White6259121
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Henry Ford Health System
    Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Keteyian SJ, Grimshaw C, Ehrman JK, Kerrigan DJ, Abdul-Nour K, Lanfear DE, Brawner CA. The iATTEND Trial: A Trial Comparing Hybrid Versus Standard Cardiac Rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol. 2024 Jun 15;221:94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.034. Epub 2024 Apr 25. PubMed 38670326 ↗
  • Keteyian SJ, Grimshaw C, Brawner CA, Kerrigan DJ, Reasons L, Berry R, Peterson EL, Ehrman JK. A Comparison of Exercise Intensity in Hybrid Versus Standard Phase Two Cardiac Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2021 Jan 1;41(1):19-22. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000569. PubMed 33351540 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Jun 25, 2019
  • Informed consent form · Jun 24, 2022

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 29, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03646760
Lead sponsor
Henry Ford Health System
Collaborators
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Responsible party
Steven J. Keteyian (Principal Investigator, Henry Ford Health System) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 24, 2018
Start date
Mar 1, 2019
Primary completion
Dec 30, 2023
Completion
Dec 31, 2023
Results posted
Jul 29, 2025
Last update
Jul 29, 2025

Study contacts

Steven Keteyian, PhD
principal investigator · Henry Ford Health System

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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