ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT03188575D-IAPTUpdated Sep 10, 2018

Effectiveness & Cost-effectiveness of Internet-delivered Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in IAPT

An interventional study of SilverCloud Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Waiting List in Depression, Anxiety Disorders and Depressive Disorder, sponsored by Silver Cloud Health. Status unknown at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-09-10.

Sponsored by Silver Cloud Health · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Sep 2018), so the status shown — last known as Active, not recruiting — may be out of date.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
384
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 282 studies in Depression with a site in United Kingdom — 49 open to participants now, 52 under way, 6 of them phase 3. Depression · United Kingdom.

Enrollment
30th of 232
384 · median 62
Started
2017
with 10 others
No phase
180 of 282
28 open now
Registered
93rd of 282
by date

Among the 282 studies in Depression with a site in United Kingdom, this one is the 30th largest by enrollment of the 232 interventional ones, is one of 11 that started in 2017, is one of 180 with no phase, and was the 93rd registered.

By phase

282 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study180 · 28 open
Observational50 · 13 open
Phase 317 · 6 open
Phase 216 · 1 open
Phase 19 · 1 open
Phase 1/24 · 0 open
Phase 2/33 · 0 open
Phase 43 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1999; this study’s year is marked. 11 started in 2017.

Size and results

Median enrollment 62 across the 232 interventional studies, 185 across the 50 observational. Of the 186 that completed or were terminated, 19 (10%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 282 studies in Depression with a site in United Kingdom, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Depression and anxiety are common mental health problems. There are effective treatments for depression and anxiety and one of these is talking therapies using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). In recent years CBT has been transferred to online delivery methods and these interventions have proven successful for people being treated with symptoms of depression and anxiety.

The current study will utilise a randomised controlled trial design, where the majority (n=240) of participants will be allocated to the immediate treatment (internet-delivered CBT for either depression or anxiety), and a smaller number (n=120) will be allocated to a waiting list. The waiting list group will receive treatment after an eight week wait. This design helps us to understand that any changes in symptoms in the treatment group will be likely due to the treatment they received compared to the waiting list.

A sample size of 360 participants is proposed and has been adjusted to ameliorate against patient dropout. Follow-up and maintenance of any positive changes in symptoms is very important in CBT for depression and anxiety, simply because some people can have a relapse of symptoms. We will therefore follow-up the treatment group for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months to assess maintenance of positive gains from treatment.

The study also seeks to investigate the cost effectiveness of the treatments.

Read the detailed description

A CONSORT compliant single-blinded, parallel-groups, randomised controlled trial design will be used to examine the efficacy of internet-delivered interventions for depression and anxiety disorders against a waiting list control group. To be eligible participants will be screened and will need to score ≥ 9 on the PHQ-9 and / or ≥ 8 on the GAD-7. To establish a formal diagnosis of depression or anxiety, eligible participants will complete the M.I.N.I. neuropsychiatric interview and thereafter will be randomised to either an immediate treatment group or a waiting list group. Randomisation will follow a 2:1 ratio. The immediate treatment will complete a M.I.N.I. neuropsychiatric interview at 3-months follow-up from baseline. The treatment group will be followed up at 6-, 9- and 12-months post-treatment. The waiting list control group will be enrolled into the treatment once the immediate treatment group will have completed. The waiting list will complete baseline screening and research measures at baseline and similarly complete research measures at the end of the waiting period (8-weeks).

In addition, a nested study examining the mediators and moderators for change and maintenance of change is included. Specific and general mechanisms of change will be explored to include positive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking, therapeutic skills usage and therapist behaviours. General mediators including the therapeutic alliance and participant's expectancy / credibility and will be examined. The study protocol, information on the study, informed consent will be submitted for approval by the NHS England Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority approval for the study will be sought.

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of internet-delivered interventions for symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders in IAPT.

Individuals who contact Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust to access IAPT psychological services will be eligible to participate. Recruitment will begin in May 2017 and will continue for 6 months until the numbers are reached or exceeded.

Using G-Power to calculate our sample size and based on a moderate between group effect size of d=0.5 with a power of 80% and a 2:1 randomisation procedure into immediate treatment for depression and/or anxiety and a corresponding waiting list control group returned a total sample of 288. Adding a 25% uplift to ameliorate against attrition gave a total sample size of 360. Therefore for depression a total sample of 120 in the treatment group and a corresponding 60 in the control group and the same ratio for anxiety disorders. The 2:1 randomisation procedure was implemented to reduce the concern of having many people waiting for treatment after presenting to the IAPT service.

PWP clinicians who are involved in the study trial as supporters to participants will be invited to take part in the research, to complete post-review alliance measures online, complete post review therapist behaviours checklist and volunteer for a semi-structured interview to collect qualitative data on therapeutic alliance and therapist behaviours.

03

Conditions studied

  • Depression
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Depressive Disorder
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  • Social Anxiety Disorder
  • Phobic Disorders
  • Panic Disorder
  • Health Anxiety
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. A score of ≥ 9 on PHQ-9 and/ or a score of ≥ 8 on GAD-7
  2. 18 years of age
  3. Suitable for an internet-delivered intervention (iCBT)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Suicidal intent/ideation
  2. Psychotic illness
  3. Currently in psychological treatment for depression and/or anxiety
  4. Alcohol or drug misuse
  5. Previous diagnosis of an organic mental health disorder
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
384 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    iCBT for Depression and Anxiety

    SilverCloud Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

    Behavioral: SilverCloud Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

  • Active comparator
    Waiting List

    Waiting list control

    Other: Waiting List

Interventions

  • BehavioralSilverCloud Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

    SilverCloud Health is a leading provider of online therapeutic solutions to support and promote positive behavior change and mental wellness. SilverCloud delivers interventions for all of the anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social anxiety, phobias, GAD, health anxiety, OCD), depression and also comorbid depression and anxiety. The programs for the treatment of depression and anxiety employ several innovative engagement strategies for improving the user experience. These are divided into several categories: personal, interactive, supportive, and social. Research on the SilverCloud interventions has yielded significant clinical outcomes (Richards et al., 2015).

  • OtherWaiting List

    8 week waiting list period.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Depression symptoms

    Measured by the 9 item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  2. Change in Anxiety symptoms

    Measured by the 7 item Generalised Anxiety Disorder inventory (GAD-7)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

Secondary outcomes

  1. Work and Social Adjustment

    Measured using the Work and Social Adjustment scale (WSAS)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  2. Social Anxiety

    Measured using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  3. Health Anxiety

    Measured using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  4. Panic

    Measured using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  5. Generalised Anxiety Symptoms

    Measured using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)

    Time frame: Baseline, at treatment review sessions (maximum of 6 across an 8 week treatment period), 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  6. Quality of life

    Measured using the EQ5D5L

    Time frame: baseline, 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  7. Quality of life for users of mental health services

    Measured using the Re-QOL

    Time frame: baseline, 8 weeks, 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  8. Client service usage

    Measured using the Client Services Receipt Inventory (CSRI)

    Time frame: baseline, 8 weeks, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  9. Emotion Regulation

    Measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

  10. Rumination

    Measured using the Positive Beliefs about Depressive Rumination scale (PBRS-A)

    Time frame: Baseline and 8 weeks

  11. Therapeutic Expectancy

    Measured using the Expectancy/Credibility scale (TEQ)

    Time frame: Baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks.

  12. CBT Skills Usage

    Measured using the Frequency of Actions and Thoughts scale (FATS)

    Time frame: 3 month follow-up, 6 month follow-up, 9 month follow-up and 12 month follow-up

  13. Therapist Behaviours

    Measured using the Therapist Behaviours Checklist (TBCL)

    Time frame: Continuous during treatment after each session for 8 weeks

  14. Therapeutic Alliance for patients

    Measured using the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships - Patient Version (STAR-P)

    Time frame: Continuous during treatment after each session for 8 weeks

  15. Therapeutic Alliance for clinicians

    Measured using the Scale to Assess Therapeutic Relationships - Clinician version (STAR-C)

    Time frame: Continuous during treatment after each session for 8 weeks

  16. Therapeutic Alliance for clinicians

    Semi-structured interview will be employed to assess qualitatively clinicians experience of the therapeutic relationship online.

    Time frame: During the patient recruitment period.

  17. M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview

    Used to determine a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety (MINI)

    Time frame: Baseline and 3-month follow-up

  18. Patient Experience/Satisfaction

    Measured using the Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ)

    Time frame: Post treatment (up to 8 weeks).

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
    Berkshire, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, Doherty G. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behav Res Ther. 2015 Dec;75:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PubMed 26523885 ↗
  • Richards D, Duffy D, Blackburn B, Earley C, Enrique A, Palacios J, Franklin M, Clarke G, Sollesse S, Connell S, Timulak L. Digital IAPT: the effectiveness & cost-effectiveness of internet-delivered interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme: study protocol for a randomised control trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 2;18(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1639-5. PubMed 29499675 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Available on request from the PI

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jun 2017 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jul 2019, 25 months after the start.

Of 3,468 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Depression, half reached primary completion within 21 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 41. This study's planned 25 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 3,566 studies reached it within 21 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 41.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 8, 2017
First posted
Jun 15, 2017
StartActual
Jun 15, 2017
Primary completionEst.
Jul 25, 2019
CompletionEst.
Aug 30, 2019
Last update
Sep 10, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 10, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03188575
Lead sponsor
Silver Cloud Health
Collaborators
Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jun 15, 2017
Start date
Jun 15, 2017
Primary completion
Jul 25, 2019 (estimated)
Completion
Aug 30, 2019 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 10, 2018

Study contacts

Derek Richards, PhD
study director · SilverCloud Health
Sarah Sollesse, MSc
principal investigator · Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is status unknown, as verified in Sep 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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