ClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT03068676Updated Sep 10, 2018

Internet-delivered Treatments for Depression and Anxiety in Primary Care (SUMMA)

An interventional study of Space from Depression and Space from Anxiety in Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorders and Depression, sponsored by Silver Cloud Health. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-09-10.

Sponsored by Silver Cloud Health · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Paused due to technical issues
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
12
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 318 studies in Depressive Disorder with a site in United States — 38 open to participants now, 45 under way, 2 of them phase 3. Depressive Disorder · United States.

Enrollment
246th of 274
12 · median 87
Started
2017
with 16 others
No phase
127 of 318
20 open now
Registered
177th of 318
by date

Among the 318 studies in Depressive Disorder with a site in United States, this one is the 246th largest by enrollment of the 274 interventional ones, is one of 17 that started in 2017, is one of 127 with no phase, and was the 177th registered.

By phase

318 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study127 · 20 open
Phase 248 · 7 open
Observational40 · 6 open
Phase 334 · 2 open
Phase 434 · 2 open
Phase 123 · 1 open
Phase 2/37 · 0 open
Phase 1/25 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1988; this study’s year is marked. 17 started in 2017.

Size and results

Median enrollment 87 across the 274 interventional studies, 149 across the 40 observational. Of the 258 that completed or were terminated, 98 (38%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 318 studies in Depressive Disorder with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The current study is an open feasibility trial with the aim of providing a description of the factors associated with the implementation of an iCBT platform into an existing treatment framework in a primary care setting. The trial will examine the factors surrounding implementation, such as the experience of primary care practitioners and the online supporters, the recruitment process, and attitudes towards the overall implementation of the interventions. Patients presenting to the primary care setting will be screened using standard depression and anxiety measures, and where appropriate, will be referred to an iCBT intervention for either depression or anxiety, with support from trained staff. Analyses will be conducted on outcome measures to examine changes in symptom severity as patients progress through the intervention. Patient satisfaction data will also be collected to establish patient acceptability of the intervention. [Note: Recruitment is ONLY open to patients at Ohio Family Practice Center]

Read the detailed description

iCBT is the delivery of a tailored structured cognitive and behaviour therapy based programme, with support, to individuals with mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety. There is now a substantial body of research evidence that supports the efficacy and effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety. Historically, a number of iCBT interventions have been used in clinical practice in IAPT services. However, they have often suffered with poor engagement and consequently poor clinical outcomes. More recent developments in the field have produced more robust technological platforms, where content is delivered through a variety of media that enhance productivity, increase engagement and produce better clinical outcomes. The SilverCloud intervention has been demonstrated to be a clinical effective evidence-based cognitive behavioural treatment option.

Approximately 90% of primary care patients with depression have one or more visits to a primary care physician (PCP) over a 12-month period, whereas less than one-third see a mental health professional. It has been reported that individuals with an anxiety disorder are 3 to 5 times more likely to visit their primary care physician than those without, but their symptoms are often associated with physical causes. PCPs often do not have training in psychological therapies and therefore they do not feel competent to treat individuals presenting with depression or anxiety. Often these individuals are prescribed antidepressant or anti-anxiety medications.

The use of online programs to deliver CBT to people with mental health disorders is becoming increasingly popular. Internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) consists of programs designed for the treatment of specific disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which are delivered via the internet. These programs can be clinician-guided and/or self-administered interventions. Evidence suggests that iCBT can benefit individuals with anxiety and depression when offered in a service context that offers brief support from trained staff. Such iCBT interventions are widely-used in some European countries and the recommended length of treatment is generally 6 - 8 online sessions. A robust evidence base supporting the use and effectiveness of internet-delivered treatments for depression and anxiety has been established. Outcomes have been greater for those programs offering the additional feature of human support.

The current study will examine the feasibility of implementing an iCBT platform within a primary care setting. This objective can be further dismantled into several sub objectives:

  1. Is the model of implementation (screening, recruitment, and adherence to the internet-delivered intervention) feasible?
  2. Will patients experience the iCBT intervention as satisfactory within their primary care treatment?
  3. What is the feedback of the Primary Care Practitioners about the implementation of the internet-delivered intervention as part of primary care?
  4. What is the experience of the trained supporters who assist patients within the iCBT intervention?
  5. Can an internet-delivered intervention achieve improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms for users?
  6. Can patient attitudes toward internet-delivered interventions predict treatment outcome?
03

Conditions studied

  • Depressive Disorder
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Depression

Keywords

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Internet-delivered
  • CBT
  • Primary Care
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

At least 18 years of age, Speak English, Self-report symptoms of depression or anxiety (using PHQ-9 and GAD-7 measures).

Specifically for the self-report symptoms,

participants will need to have a PHQ-9 score of 5 to 19 for the depression program or a GAD-7 score of 5 to 15 for the anxiety program.

Participants currently attending face-to-face therapy/counseling will be excluded.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Participants who flag as a risk on the self-harm item of the PHQ-9 during routine office visit screening will not be referred to the study and will be provided treatment and/or referral services as per the clinic's standard procedure.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
12 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Space from depression

    Space from Depression is an eight-module online CBT-based intervention for depression, composed of cognitive and behavioral components including self-monitoring and thought recording, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. Each module follows a structured format that incorporates introductory quizzes, videos, informational content, interactive activities, as well as homework suggestions and summaries. In addition, personal stories and accounts from other users are incorporated into the presentation of the material.

    Behavioral: Space from Depression

  • Experimental
    Space from Anxiety

    Space from Anxiety is an eight-module online CBT-based intervention for depression, composed of cognitive and behavioral components including self-monitoring and thought recording, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, and challenging core beliefs. Each module follows a structured format that incorporates introductory quizzes, videos, informational content, interactive activities, as well as homework suggestions and summaries. In addition, personal stories and accounts from other users are incorporated into the presentation of the material.

    Behavioral: Space from Anxiety

Interventions

  • BehavioralSpace from Depression

    internet-delivered CBT

  • BehavioralSpace from Anxiety

    internet-delivered CBT

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Patient health Questionnaire

    The PHQ-9 is a self-report measure of depression that has been widely used in screening, primary care, and research. The PHQ-9 items reflect the diagnostic criteria for depression outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association \[APA\], 2000). Summed scores range from 0-27; larger scores reflect a greater severity of depressive symptoms. The PHQ-9 discriminated well between depressed and nondepressed individuals using the clinical cut-off of total score ≥10, with good sensitivity (88.0%) and specificity (88.0%) (Kroenke et al., 2001; R. Spitzer et al., 1999).

    Time frame: At week 8

  2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

    The GAD-7 (Spitzer, Krownke, Williams, \& Lowe, 2006) comprises 7 items measuring symptoms and severity of GAD based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for GAD. The GAD-7 has good internal consistency (.89) and good convergent validity with other anxiety scales. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. The GAD-7 is increasingly used in large-scale studies as a generic measure of changes in anxiety symptomatology, using a cut-off score of 8 (Richards \& Suckling, 2009).

    Time frame: At week 8

Secondary outcomes

  1. Socio-demographic Questionnaire

    Collects information on the characteristics of the sample including age, gender etc.

    Time frame: At baseline for screening

  2. Work and Social Adjustment

    The Work and Social Adjustment (WASA; Mundt, Marks, Shear, \& Greist, 2002) is a simple, reliable and valid measure of impaired functioning. It is a simple and reliable (α \>.75) 5-item self-report measure that provides an experiential impact of a disorder from the patient's point of view. It looks at how the disorder impairs the patient's ability to function day to day on five dimensions: work, social life, home life, private life and close relationships.

    Time frame: At baseline and week 8

  3. Satisfaction with Treatment

    The Satisfaction with Treatment (SAT; Timulak \& Richards, 2012) measure contains several questions that aim to assess patient satisfaction with the iCBT intervention received. The measure consists of 2 qualitative questions and several quantitative questions, centring on what the patients liked or disliked about the iCBT intervention.

    Time frame: At week 8

  4. Attitudes towards Psychological Online Interventions

    The Attitudes towards Psychological Online Interventions (APOI; Schroder et al., 2015) will be administered to patients at both pre and post intervention time points. The APOI is a brief inventory that assesses attitudes towards online interventions across four domains - scepticism and perception of risks, confidence in effectiveness, technologization threat and anonymity benefits.

    Time frame: At baseline and week 8

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Summa Health
    Akron, Ohio 44310, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Andersson G, Cuijpers P. Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: a meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther. 2009;38(4):196-205. doi: 10.1080/16506070903318960. PubMed 20183695 ↗
  • Coyne JC, Fechner-Bates S, Schwenk TL. Prevalence, nature, and comorbidity of depressive disorders in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1994 Jul;16(4):267-76. doi: 10.1016/0163-8343(94)90006-x. PubMed 7926703 ↗
  • Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146. PubMed 17695343 ↗
  • Goldman LS, Nielsen NH, Champion HC. Awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of depression. J Gen Intern Med. 1999 Sep;14(9):569-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.03478.x. PubMed 10491249 ↗
  • Hedman E, Ljotsson B, Lindefors N. Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2012 Dec;12(6):745-64. doi: 10.1586/erp.12.67. PubMed 23252357 ↗
  • Katon WJ, Roy-Byrne P, Russo J, Cowley D. Cost-effectiveness and cost offset of a collaborative care intervention for primary care patients with panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;59(12):1098-104. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.12.1098. PubMed 12470125 ↗
  • Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;51(1):8-19. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002. PubMed 8279933 ↗
  • Khouzam, H. R. (2009). Anxiety Disorders: Guidelines for Effective Primary Care, Part 1, Diagnosis. Consultant, 49 (3).
  • Kohn R, Saxena S, Levav I, Saraceno B. The treatment gap in mental health care. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Nov;82(11):858-66. Epub 2004 Dec 14. PubMed 15640922 ↗
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. PubMed 11556941 ↗
  • Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Monahan PO, Lowe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004. PubMed 17339617 ↗
  • Lecrubier Y, Weiller E. Characteristics, recognition and treatment of dysthymics in primary care. Eur Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;13(4):198-202. doi: 10.1016/S0924-9338(98)80004-7. PubMed 19698625 ↗
  • Lepine JP. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: prevalence and societal costs. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 14:4-8. PubMed 12562112 ↗
  • Lyness JM, Caine ED, King DA, Cox C, Yoediono Z. Psychiatric disorders in older primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1999 Apr;14(4):249-54. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.00326.x. PubMed 10203638 ↗
  • Mohr DC, Ho J, Duffecy J, Baron KG, Lehman KA, Jin L, Reifler D. Perceived barriers to psychological treatments and their relationship to depression. J Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr;66(4):394-409. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20659. PubMed 20127795 ↗
  • Musiat P, Goldstone P, Tarrier N. Understanding the acceptability of e-mental health--attitudes and expectations towards computerised self-help treatments for mental health problems. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 11;14:109. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-109. PubMed 24725765 ↗
  • Richards D, Richardson T. Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012 Jun;32(4):329-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004. Epub 2012 Feb 28. PubMed 22466510 ↗
  • Richards D, Timulak L, O'Brien E, Hayes C, Vigano N, Sharry J, Doherty G. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-delivered treatment: Its potential as a low-intensity community intervention for adults with symptoms of depression. Behav Res Ther. 2015 Dec;75:20-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PubMed 26523885 ↗
  • Richards DA, Suckling R. Improving access to psychological therapies: phase IV prospective cohort study. Br J Clin Psychol. 2009 Nov;48(Pt 4):377-96. doi: 10.1348/014466509X405178. Epub 2009 Feb 9. PubMed 19208291 ↗
  • Schulberg HC, Mulsant B, Schulz R, Rollman BL, Houck PR, Reynolds CF 3rd. Characteristics and course of major depression in older primary care patients. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1998;28(4):421-36. doi: 10.2190/G23R-NGGN-K1P1-MQ8N. PubMed 10207741 ↗
  • Sheehan DV. Depression: underdiagnosed, undertreated, underappreciated. Manag Care. 2004 Jun;13(6 Suppl Depression):6-8. PubMed 15293765 ↗
  • Simon GE, Goldberg D, Tiemens BG, Ustun TB. Outcomes of recognized and unrecognized depression in an international primary care study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1999 Mar-Apr;21(2):97-105. doi: 10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00072-3. PubMed 10228889 ↗
  • Spek V, Cuijpers P, Nyklicek I, Riper H, Keyzer J, Pop V. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2007 Mar;37(3):319-28. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008944. Epub 2006 Nov 20. PubMed 17112400 ↗
  • Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA. 1999 Nov 10;282(18):1737-44. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737. PubMed 10568646 ↗
  • Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. PubMed 16717171 ↗
  • Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, Linzer M, deGruy FV 3rd, Hahn SR, Brody D, Johnson JG. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA. 1994 Dec 14;272(22):1749-56. PubMed 7966923 ↗
  • Stein MB, McQuaid JR, Pedrelli P, Lenox R, McCahill ME. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the primary care medical setting. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2000 Jul-Aug;22(4):261-9. doi: 10.1016/s0163-8343(00)00080-3. PubMed 10936633 ↗
  • Vermani M, Marcus M, Katzman MA. Rates of detection of mood and anxiety disorders in primary care: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(2):PCC.10m01013. doi: 10.4088/PCC.10m01013. PubMed 21977354 ↗
  • Wang PS, Lane M, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Wells KB, Kessler RC. Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):629-40. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629. PubMed 15939840 ↗
  • Williams JW Jr, Mulrow CD, Kroenke K, Dhanda R, Badgett RG, Omori D, Lee S. Case-finding for depression in primary care: a randomized trial. Am J Med. 1999 Jan;106(1):36-43. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00371-4. PubMed 10320115 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Feb 2017 to primary completion in Feb 2018, 12 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 21, 2017
First posted
Mar 3, 2017
StartActual
Feb 8, 2017
Primary completionActual
Feb 8, 2018
CompletionActual
Feb 9, 2018
Last update
Sep 10, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 10, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03068676
Lead sponsor
Silver Cloud Health
Collaborators
Summa Health System
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 3, 2017
Start date
Feb 8, 2017
Primary completion
Feb 8, 2018
Completion
Feb 9, 2018
Last update
Sep 10, 2018

Study contacts

Derek Richards, PhD
study director · SilverCloud Health

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is terminated, as verified in Sep 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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