An interventional study of Dexmedetomidine & Bupivacaine. and Bupivacain in Thyroid Cancer, Goiter and Hyperthyroidism, sponsored by Udayana University. Completed at 1 site in Indonesia. Open to participants aged 30 Years to 59 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-10.
Sponsored by Udayana University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Efficacy of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) with Dexmedetomidine Adjuvant Compared to Without Adjuvant in Thyroid Surgery. This is a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding perineural dexmedetomidine to a Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) for pain management in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. The study aims to prove that SCPB with dexmedetomidine adjuvant provides superior post-operative analgesia, lowers total opioid consumption, prolongs the time until the first analgesic request, and reduces the incidence of chronic pain three months post-surgery compared to SCPB without the adjuvant. The study will also evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect by measuring the reduction in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels post-operatively and compare the incidence of bradycardia as a side effect. The total required sample size is 58 subjects.
Thyroid surgery is a major procedure often associated with acute and chronic postoperative pain in the neck area. Chronic post-surgical pain can significantly affect the patient's long-term quality of life. Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) is an effective regional anesthesia technique used to manage perioperative pain and reduce the need for postoperative opioids. However, achieving an optimal duration of analgesia remains a challenge. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha_2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is frequently used as an adjuvant to prolong the analgesic effect of nerve blocks. Studies have shown that combining dexmedetomidine with SCPB provides better and longer-lasting analgesia. Dexmedetomidine also possesses anti-inflammatory properties, potentially lowering the level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a biomarker of inflammation often elevated after surgery that can exacerbate pain. The effectiveness of SCPB with dexmedetomidine adjuvant, particularly in reducing inflammation and chronic pain incidence, has not been widely explored locally at RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah.Study Objectives: The primary goal is to prove the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as an SCPB adjuvant in thyroid surgery, assessed by acute and chronic pain outcomes. Acute Pain Outcomes: Measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-operation, time to first Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) button press, total opioid consumption via PCA over 24 hours, and changes in the inflammatory biomarker Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Chronic Pain Outcomes: Measured by the incidence of chronic pain three months post-surgery using the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire. Safety Outcome: Measured by the incidence of bradycardia. Correlations: To prove the correlation between the change in Interleukin-6 levels with 24-hour pain scores and the incidence of chronic pain.Study Design and Intervention: This is a true experimental study with a double-blinded randomized pre- and post-control group design. Group P1 (Intervention): Patients receive SCPB with 0.375% Bupivacaine plus 0.5 mcg/kgbw Dexmedetomidine (total volume 20 mL, injected 10 mL on each side). Group P2 (Control): Patients receive SCPB with 0.375% Bupivacaine only (total volume 20 mL, injected 10 mL on each side).All procedures are performed under general anesthesia with Ultrasound guidance. Analgesia management includes PCA Fentanyl and combination analgesics (Paracetamol and Ibuprofen). The minimum required sample size is 58 subjects.
785 studies on the registry are indexed under Thyroid Neoplasms; 204 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 58 is close to the median of 53 across 520 interventional studies indexed under Thyroid Neoplasms.
Browse Thyroid Neoplasms studies →Udayana University is the lead sponsor of 34 studies on the registry; 8 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
ASA physical status
The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraindication
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Autoimmune disease
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Patients receive Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) with Bupivacaine 0.375% and Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kgbw
Drug: Dexmedetomidine & Bupivacaine.
Patients receive Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) with Bupivacaine 0.375% only (without Dexmedetomidine adjuvant).
Drug: Bupivacain
Drug pages: Dexmedetomidine · Bupivacaine
Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) performed under ultrasound guidance (in-plane technique). The regimen consists of Bupivacaine 0.375% with the adjuvant Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 mcg/kgbw. The total volume injected is 20 mL (10 mL on each side) into the fascial space between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the prevertebral fascia. The block is performed after induction of general anesthesia
Also known as: Dexmedetomidine, Bupivacaine, BPSS
Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (SCPB) performed under ultrasound guidance (in-plane technique). The regimen consists of Bupivacaine 0.375% only. The total volume injected is 20 mL (10 mL on each side) \[cite\_start\], supplemented with Saline/Placebo to match the volume and appearance of the active drug. The block is performed after induction of general anesthesia.
Also known as: Bupivacaine, BPSS
Time to First Request for Opioid Analgesia (PCA Button Press)
From the time of PCA activation in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) until the completion of the first 24 hours post-operation. The cumulative consumption of Fentanyl (in micrograms) is recorded from the PCA device's counter, with the assessment period duration calculated precisely in minutes
Time frame: up to 24 hours post-operation ( 1440 minutes )
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score at 6, 12, and 24 Hours Post-Operation
Assessment of acute pain intensity using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0-100 mm, where 0 is no pain and 100 is the worst pain imaginable).
Time frame: 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours post-operation.
Total Fentanyl Opioid Consumption in the First 24 Hours Post-Operation
The total amount of fentanyl (in mcg) consumed by the patient via the Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) device.
Time frame: 24 hours post-operation
Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Level Post-Operation
The delta change ($\\Delta$) in plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration (in pg/mL) comparing the pre-operative baseline to the 24-hour post-operative measurement.
Time frame: Measured as the difference between 24 hours post-operation and pre-general anesthesia.
Incidence of Chronic Pain at 3 Months Post-Operation
Incidence of Chronic Post-Surgical Pain (CPSP) defined by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) score (any score \> 0) lasting longer than three months.
Time frame: 3 months post-operation (90 days)
Plan to share: No
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Studies of the drugs tested here: Dexmedetomidine · Bupivacaine
Udayana University