ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT06347718CASTLEUpdated Sep 30, 2025

CAR-T Cells in Systemic B Cell Mediated Autoimmune Disease

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Sclerosis and Dermatomyositis, sponsored by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH. Recruiting at 1 site in Germany. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-30.

Sponsored by Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by May 2026, 5 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Registered 4 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jul 2023, registered Dec 2023).
  • Started Jul 2023; still recruiting 3 years 3 months later.
Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
24
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The investigational product is designed to effectively combat B cells in patients with autoimmune diseases. Autologous T cells enriched with CD4/CD8 are genetically engineered using a lentiviral vector to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target the CD19 antigen on the cell surface of B cells and their precursors. During treatment, patients undergo leukapheresis, lymophodepleting chemotherapy and administration of the expanded CD19-CAR-transduced T cells.

02

Conditions studied

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Systemic Sclerosis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Polymyositis
03

In context

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

1,207 studies on the registry are indexed under Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; 405 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 24 is below the median of 52 across 876 interventional studies indexed under Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic.

Browse Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic studies →

Lead sponsor

Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH is the lead sponsor of 20 studies on the registry; 14 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • General:

    • Subjects must understand and voluntarily sign an form including written consent for data protection,
    • Adults aged ≥ 18 years at time of consent,
    • Adequate renal ( > 30 ml/min/m2), liver (no C), heart (at worst III, EF > 30%) and pulmonary (FV and DLCO > 30%) function,
    • Male subjects unless surgically sterile, must agree to use two acceptable methods for (e.g. spermicide and condom) during the trial and refrain from fathering a child starting from the time of signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF) until 12 months after dosing of the IMP,
    • Females of (FCBP) must have a negative urine pregnancy test at screening and must agree to use a highly effective contraceptive method (Pearl in-dex \<1) starting from the time of signing the ICF and for 12 months after dosing of the IMP,
    • Must be able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements,
    • Double vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 within the last 6 months.
  • SLE specific:

    • Fulfilling the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria of SLE,
    • Positivity of anti-dsDNA (> 4 U/l), anti-histone (+ or more), anti-nucleosome (+ or more) or anti-Sm antibodies (+ or more),
    • Active disease at screening, defined as ≥ 1 organ system with a British Isles Lupus Assessment (BILAG) A score (severe disease activity) or ≥ 2 organ systems with a BILAG B score (moderate disease activity),
    • Insufficient response or intolerance/ to and to at least 2 of the following treatments: hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, belimumab, methotrexate, rituximab, cyclophosphamide. Insufficient response is defined as having increased disease activity based on the definition explained in the previous bullet point.
  • SSc specific:

    • Fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria of SSc),
    • Positivity (+ or more) for at least one SSc-specific parameter (Scl70, RNA polymerase, Th/To, RP11/12, U3RNP autoantibodies),
    • Signs for fast progression including (i) disease duration ≤ 5 years (from onset of first non-Raynaud manifestation), (ii) mRSS score 10-35 at screening, (iii) elevated acute phase reactant levels (CRP ≥ 6 mg/L, ESR ≥ 28mm/h or count ≥ 330 G/L), (iii) mRSS increase ≥ 3 units or involvement of one new body area or mRSS increase ≥ 2 units in one body area or ≥ 1 tendon friction rub over 6 months,
    • Insufficient response or intolerance/ contraindication to at least 2 of the following treatments: mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, nintedanib, methotrexate, rituximab. Insufficient response is defined as having increased disease activity based on the definition explained in the previous bullet point.
  • DM/PM specific:

    • Fulfilling the 2017 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for probable or definite DM or PM,
    • Presence of active myositis in muscle or muscle MRI and/or signs of interstitial lung disease related to DM/PM,
    • Positivity (+ or more) for at least one myositis-specific antibody (aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, Mi2, MDA5, SAE, SRP, ARS, HMGCR, MJ, TIF1gamma),
    • Muscle weakness as define by MMT \< 142 and 2 of the following criteria: VAS patients Global ≥2cm, VAS physician Global ≥ 2cm, HAQ > 0.25, at least one muscle enzyme > 1.3 times , VAS global extra muscular activity ≥ 2cm,
    • Insufficient response or intolerance/ contraindication to glucocorticoids and to at least 2 of the following treatments: mycophenolate mofetil, ciclosporin A, tacrolimus, methotrexate, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins. Insufficient response is defined as having increased disease activity based on the definition explained in the previous bullet point.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinically suitability for a less burdensome and/or approved therapeutic approach, as judged by the investigator
  • ANC \< 1.000/mm3, ALC \< 500/mm3 or \< 8g/dl, absolute CD3+ T cell count \< 100/μl,
  • Uncontrolled severe concomitant disease, such as cancer (except basal or squamous cell skin cancer) and diabetes mellitus,
  • Severely impaired renal ( ≤ 30 ml/min/m2), liver ( C), heart ( IV, EF ≤ 30%) and pulmonary (FV and DLCO ≤ 30%) function,
  • Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if the subject were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study,
  • Prior treatment with anti-CD19 antibody therapy, adoptive T cell therapy or any prior gene therapy product (e.g. CAR T cell therapy),
  • History of bone marrow/ hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation,
  • Any concomitant severe active infection, e.g. , or C, SARS-CoV 2 (COVID 19), or active tuberculosis as defined by a positive Quantiferon TB-test. If presence of latent tuberculosis is established then treatment according to local guidelines must have been initiated prior to enrollment,
  • Diagnosis of severe neuropsychiatric SLE, inclusion body myositis or limited SSc,
  • Pregnant or lactating females,
  • Females who are intending to conceive during the study,
  • Known to any drug components,
  • in the last 5 years before screening,
  • Requirement for immunization with during the study period or within 14 days preceding leukapheresis,
  • Subjects who are younger than 18 years or are incapable to understand the aim, importance and consequences of the study and to give legal ,
  • Have a history of alcohol or substance abuse within the preceding 6 months that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may increase the risks associated with study participation or study agent administration, or may interfere with interpretation of results,
  • Subjects who possibly are dependent on the Sponsor, the Principal Investigator or other Investigators (e.g. family members).
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(17)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

Child-Pugh class

A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Biopsy and archival tissue

A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.

Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Live vaccines

Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
24 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Other
    Active dose

    A prospective, open-label, non-randomized, single-dose interventional basket study. Single intravenous infusion of a freshly prepared advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) from autologous and expanded T cells transduced ex vivo with a CD19-CAR construct. No control intervention (e.g. another immunosuppressive therapy). Concomitant measures: Leukapheresis and lymphodepleting therapy for conditioning.

    Drug: anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy

Interventions

  • Druganti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy

    Single-dose

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. To assess the safety of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in subjects with active B-driven autoimmune disease (SLE, SSc and DM/PM).

    Incidence and grading of severity (graded 0-4) of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and of CAR T cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) within the first 4 weeks after ATMP administration.

    Time frame: up to d 28

Secondary outcomes

  1. Clinical efficacy SSc

    Overall Response Rate (ORR) at week 24 measured by specific disease activity composite indexes, each of them validated for the specific disease: SSc: No progression of interstitial lung disease with worsening of FVC1 (\>10 percentage) or worsening of FVC1 (5-10 percentage) plus increase in respiratory symptoms or worsening of FVC1 (5-10 percentage) plus progression of high-resolution computed tomography changes after 24 weeks.

    Time frame: at week 24

  2. Clinical efficacy SLE

    Overall Response Rate (ORR) at week 24 measured by specific disease activity composite indexes, each of them validated for the specific disease: SLE: Fulfillment of DORIS remission criteria of SLE at week 24.

    Time frame: at week 24

  3. Clinical efficacy DM

    Overall Response Rate (ORR) at week 24 measured by specific disease activity composite indexes, each of them validated for the specific disease: DM: 2016 ACR/EULAR moderate or major response.

    Time frame: at week 24

  4. Cellular response

    * amount of CAR T cells in the peripheral blood (cells/µl) * amount of B cells in the peripheral blood (cells/µl) * expansion of CAR T cells in the patient over time in cells/µl

    Time frame: up to week 24

  5. Serological response

    Levels of respective serum autoantibodies at week 24 including incidence of sero-conversion measured in IE/ml * SLE: ANA-Titer, anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosomes, anti-Sm, anti-cardiolipin IgG, C3 (mg/dl), C4 (mg/dl) * SSc: ANA-Titer, anti-SCL70, anti-RNA polymerase III, anti-topoisomerase * DM: ANA-Titer, anti-Mi2, anti-Tif1, anti-MDA5, anti-Jo1, anti-NXP2

    Time frame: up to week 24

  6. Success of IMP process

    Success of the manufacturing process by GMP certification of the product (in percentage)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  7. Physicians Global Assessment to measure quality of life

    Physician's Global Assessment (PhGA) of disease activity (VAS 0-100mm), (0=no disease activity, 100=worst disease activity)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  8. Patient's Global Assessment to measure quality of life

    Patient's Global Assessment (PtGA) of disease activity (VAS 0-100mm), (0=no disease activity, 100=worst disease activity)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  9. Health Assessment Questionnaire

    Disease Index HAQ-DI (0-4 per question; 0=best function, 4=worst function)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  10. Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy

    Fatigue with FACIT Fatigue questionaire, from 8-44, (8=worst, 44=best, serious fatigue defined \<30)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  11. SLE-specific disease activity over time per subject

    British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index Improvement of organ involvement according to BILAG A-E (A=severe organ involvement, E=mild organ involvement)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  12. SSc-specific disease activity over time per subject

    modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) points 0-4 according to skin stiffness (0=no thickening, 3=severe thickening)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  13. DM/PM-specific disease activity over time per subject

    Physician's global assessment (PhGA) of extramuscular activity 0-100mm (0=no disease activity, 100=worst disease activity)

    Time frame: up to week 24

  14. SLE-specific disease activity over time per subject

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) points 1-8 according to organ involvement 1=mild organ involvement, 8=severe organ involvement)

    Time frame: up to 24 weeks

  15. DM/PM-specific disease activity over time per subject

    Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) points 0-150 (0=paraplegia, 150=full muscle strength)

    Time frame: up to 24 weeks

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
    Erlangen, Bavaria 91054, Germany
    Recruiting
    • Georg Schett, Prof. Dr. · Contact
    • Daniela Bohr, Dr. · Contact
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Rius Rigau A, Xu M, Liu Z, Chenguiti Fakhouri S, Auth J, Garantziotis P, Zoli A, Selvaraju MK, Raimondo MG, Tur C, Filla T, Gehringer P, Eckstein M, Muller F, Atzinger A, Ronicke M, Ekici A, Schmid R, Wirsching A, Hagen M, Boltz S, Krickau T, Horch RE, Berking C, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Ramming A, Gupta P, Bozec A, Mackensen A, Distler JH, Schett G, Li YN, Bergmann C. Deep phenotyping of skin tissue remodeling in patients with systemic sclerosis treated with CD19-CAR T cells. Nat Commun. 2026 May 23;17(1):4640. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-72817-7. PubMed 42177178 ↗
  • Muller F, Hagen M, Wirsching A, Kharboutli S, Aigner M, Volkl S, Kretschmann S, Tascilar K, Taubmann J, Bucci L, Raimondo MG, Bergmann C, Rothe T, Corte G, Tur C, Munoz L, Boltz S, Schuster L, Hartmann F, Garantziotis P, Sporl S, Vasova I, Gerbitz A, Spriewald B, Kiener H, Giannarelli D, Locatelli F, D'Agostino MA, Hanssens L, Miltenyi S, Bozec A, Grieshaber-Bouyer R, Mackensen A, Schett G. CD19 CAR-T cells for treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases: the phase 1/2 CASTLE basket trial. Nat Med. 2026 Mar;32(3):1142-1151. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-04185-6. Epub 2026 Jan 7. PubMed 41501497 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jul 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for May 2026, 34 months after the start.

Of 37 phase 1/2 interventional studies under Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, half reached primary completion within 42 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 21 and three quarters within 60. This study's planned 34 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 15, 2023
First posted
Apr 4, 2024
StartActual
Jul 17, 2023
Primary completionEst.
May 31, 2026
CompletionEst.
May 31, 2026
Last update
Sep 30, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 30, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06347718
Lead sponsor
Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 4, 2024
Start date
Jul 17, 2023
Primary completion
May 31, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
May 31, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 30, 2025

Study contacts

Georg Schett, Prof. Dr. med. univ.
Contact
georg.schett@uk-erlangen.de
+49 9131 85 32093
Daniela Bohr, Dr.med
Contact
daniela.bohr@uk-erlangen.de
+49 9131 85 32093
Georg Schett, Prof. Dr. med. univ.
principal investigator · Universitätsklinikum Erlangen

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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