ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT06041789Updated Sep 21, 2026

Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Bone Metabolism

A Phase 2 interventional study of Donepezil and Memantine in Osteoporosis, sponsored by Duke University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 50 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-21.

Sponsored by Duke University · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Feb 2025; still recruiting 1 year 9 months later.
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
45
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
50 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 481 studies in Osteoporosis with a site in United States — 26 open to participants now, 36 under way, none of them phase 3. Osteoporosis · United States.

Planned enrollment
247th of 374
45 · median 73
Started
2025
with 4 others
Phase 2
73 of 481
2 open now
Primary completion
2027-09
later than 17 of 34 live
Registered
459th of 481
by date

Among the 481 studies in Osteoporosis with a site in United States, this one is the 247th largest by planned enrollment of the 374 interventional ones, is one of 5 that started in 2025, is one of 73 in phase 2, reaches primary completion later than 17 of the 34 other live ones, and was the 459th registered.

By phase

481 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phase119 · 9 open
Observational98 · 8 open
Phase 2this study73 · 2 open
Phase 370 · 0 open
Phase 461 · 6 open
Phase 140 · 1 open
Phase 1/212 · 0 open
Phase 2/38 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1985; this study’s year is marked. 5 started in 2025.

Size and results

Median enrollment 73 across the 374 interventional studies, 100 across the 97 observational. Of the 405 that completed or were terminated, 154 (38%) have results posted.

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02

Study summary

People with Alzheimer's disease are at an increased risk of bone fracture. Some studies have shown that those taking donepezil have a lower rate of bone fractures, but the reasons for this are unknown. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of donepezil treatment on bone metabolism factors including bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and bone quality.

Participants in this study will have a bone density test and have blood samples collected at the baseline study visit. Participants will then be assigned to donepezil to be taken daily by mouth for 12 months. Blood samples will be collected at 6 and 12 months. A repeat bone density test will be performed at 12 months. Participants will also complete questionnaires at each study visit.

03

Conditions studied

  • Osteoporosis

Browse trials for

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
50 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment, including clinical assessment, radiographic or labora-tory biomarker assessment
  2. Willing to initiate treatment for cognitive impairment
  3. A) For females: either age > 55 years, or Age \< 55 years and at least 12 months since last menstrual period B) For males, age > 50 years
  4. Geriatric Depression Scale score \< 6
  5. English-speaking

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Currently on acetylcholinesterase inhibitor >3 months
  2. History of bradycardia, heart block, long , unexplained syncope, or other contraindica-tion for donepezil; subject with showing HR \< 50, PR interval > 200 ms, QTc > 440 ms in men or > 460 ms in women, or evidence of atrioventricular block
  3. Currently on osteoporosis medication (e.g., bisphosphonate, SERM, denosumab, teripar-atide, abaloparatide, romozosumab, calcitonin)
  4. Use of bisphosphonate within last 5 years
  5. Use within last 6 months of estrogens or testosterone, androgen deprivation therapy or aromatase inhibitors, antiepileptic, heparin therapy, thiazolidinediones
  6. History of disorders associated with secondary osteoporosis: collagen vascular diseas-es, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, severe liver disease/cirrhosis, hyperthy-roidism (endogenous or exogenous)
  7. History of fracture of the humerus, wrist, or vertebra due to fall from standing height or less
  8. History of hip fracture, hip replacement, or non-ambulatory
  9. Long-term use (>6 months) of
  10. History of Parkinson's, , Huntington's disease
  11. History of solid organ transplantation
  12. History of bariatric surgery or intending to lose weight by bariatric surgery or weight loss medication (e.g. GLP-1 agonist) in the next 12-months
  13. Severe kidney impairment ( \< 30 ml/min),
  14. Active currently undergoing chemotherapeutic, surgical, or radiation therapy, except non-melanomatous skin cancer
  15. 1-year mortality > 25%, measured by ePrognosis calculator
  16. Planning to move out of the area in the next 12-months
  17. Planning surgery in the next 12-months
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

QT and QTc

On an ECG, the QT interval is the time the heart’s lower chambers take to activate electrically and recover in each beat. QTc is that time adjusted for heart rate (QTcF by Fridericia’s formula, QTcB by Bazett’s). Some medicines lengthen it, and a long QTc can raise the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm.

The study may name a correction formula and a limit in milliseconds, often around 450–480.

ECG (electrocardiogram)

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, taken with stickers on the chest, arms and legs. It takes a few minutes and does not hurt.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
45 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Donepezil

    Drug: Donepezil

  • Active comparator
    Memantine

    Drug: Memantine

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in bone mineral density, as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

    Time frame: baseline, 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide (CTX)

    measured using commercially available ELISA test on serum

    Time frame: baseline, 6 months, 12 months

  2. Change in bone formation marker amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP)

    measured using commercially available ELISA test on serum

    Time frame: baseline, 6 months, 12 months

  3. Change in Trabecular Bone score

    measure of bone quality, using DXA spine images

    Time frame: baseline, 12 months

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Duke Memory Disorders Clinic
    Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
    Recruiting
    • Connie Thacker · Contact
08

References and documents

Publications

  • North R, Liu AJ, Pieper C, Danus S, Thacker CR, Ashner M, Colon-Emeric C, Lee RH. Effect of donepezil on bone metabolism among older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Jan;148:107748. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107748. Epub 2024 Nov 19. PubMed 39566720 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Feb 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Sep 2027, 31 months after the start.

Of 33 non-industry phase 2 interventional studies under Osteoporosis, half reached primary completion within 60 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 34 and three quarters within 65. This study's planned 31 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 42 studies reached it within 47 months; a quarter within 29 and three quarters within 65.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 11, 2023
First posted
Sep 18, 2023
StartActual
Feb 3, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Sep 2027
CompletionEst.
Sep 2027
Last update
Sep 21, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 21, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06041789
Lead sponsor
Duke University
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 18, 2023
Start date
Feb 3, 2025
Primary completion
Sep 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 21, 2026

Study contacts

Susanne Danus
Contact
susanne.danus@duke.edu
(919) 681-9807
Richard H Lee, MD, MPH
principal investigator · Duke University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Donepezil

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