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CompletedNCT03405506FORTRESSUpdated Jun 3, 2025

Functional Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Flow Ratio in Tandem Lesions and Virtual Stenting

An observational study in Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases and Myocardial Ischemia, sponsored by Pulse Medical Imaging Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Completed at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-03.

Sponsored by Pulse Medical Imaging Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
308
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR) is a novel method for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis. Virtual stent implantation technique combined with QFR was recently developed to predict the functional significance of coronary stenosis as if the stenosis was revascularized.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of QFR in in tandem lesions with fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the reference standard. The secondary purpose is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of QFR-based virtual stent technique in predicting the FFR values after revascularizing the culprit lesion.

Read the detailed description

QFR is a novel method for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis by calculation of the pressure drop in the vessel. 3D coronary models can be reconstructed based on two angiographic projections to obtain the geometric parameters, including vascular diameter or cross-sectional area. According to the lesion stenosis, vessel curvature, conical geometry and reference lumen characteristics, pressure drop can be calculated in real time based on its relationship with blood flow. There is no need for pressure wire and adenosine / ATP induced maximum hyperemia compared with FFR.

The FAVOR Pilot Study and FAVOR II China Study showed promising results for diagnostic accuracy in consecutive patients. However, the diagnostic accuracy of QFR in specific tandem lesions needs further investigation. Furthermore, using the virtual stent technology to accurately assess the culprit lesion and choose the optimal treatment is significant in precisely guiding PCI surgery.

02

Conditions studied

  • Coronary Artery Disease
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Myocardial Ischemia
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases
  • Heart Diseases
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Arteriosclerosis

Keywords

  • Fractional Flow Reserve
  • Quantitative Coronary Angiography
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Quantitative Flow Ratio
  • Tandem lesion
  • Virtual stenting
03

In context

Coronary Artery Disease

4,857 studies on the registry are indexed under Coronary Artery Disease; 890 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 308 is close to the median of 320 across 1,687 observational studies indexed under Coronary Artery Disease.

Browse Coronary Artery Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

Pulse Medical Imaging Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients with coronary tandem lesions admitted for coronary angiography due to high risk of significant coronary stenosis

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • General inclusion Criteria:

    1. Stable and unstable angina pectoris or secondary evaluation of stenosis after acute MI;
    2. Age > 18 years;
    3. Able to provide signed .
  • Angiographic inclusion criteria:

    1. At least two localized lesions on the same coronary artery;
    2. More than 50% diameter stenosis (DS) estimated by QCA on each lesion;
    3. At least 10 mm relatively normal lumen (at most 20% DS) between two lesions;
    4. Reference vessel size > 2 mm in stenotic segment by visual estimate.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • General exclusion criteria:

    1. Ineligible for diagnostic intervention or FFR examination;
    2. Myocardial infarction within 72 hours;
    3. Severe heart failure (≥III);
    4. S-creatinine>150µmol/L or \<45 ml/kg/1.73m2;
    5. Allergy to contrast agent or adenosine;
    6. Factors that might substantially impact the angiographic image quality, e.g, frequent atrial premature beat or atrial fibrillation;
    7. Serious complications:

      1. Evidence of cardiac rupture;
      2. History of bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc.);
      3. Acute or chronic blood system diseases, including \< 10 g / L, or count \< 50 × 109 / L;
      4. Accompanied by other diseases might inducing shorter than several months;
      5. History of severe renal insufficiency and hypohepatia (liver failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension and active hepatitis)
      6. Aneurysm, arterial / venous malformation, aortic dissection;
    8. Cardiogenic shock or circulation capacity failure;
    9. Two-degree and more severe atrioventricular block, with no permanent pacemaker implanted;
    10. Pregnancy or lactation;
    11. The investigators believe that the treatment regimen may be detrimental to the patient or the enrollment of this subject may affect the specific assessment of the trial;
  • Angiographic exclusion criteria:

    1. The interrogated stenosis is caused by myocardial bridge;
    2. Ostial lesions less than 3 mm to the aorta;
    3. Side branches of the bifurcation lesions with Median Classification of 111 or 101;
    4. Severe overlap or shorten of stenosis segment;
    5. Severe tortuosity of target vessel;
    6. Poor angiographic image quality precluding contour detection.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(6)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
308 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
1 Year
Patient registry
Yes

Interventions

  • DeviceQuantitative Flow Ratio (QFR)

    FFR measured by pressure wire, QFR computed by coronary angiographic images

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Diagnostic accuracy of QFR in tandem lesions as compared with FFR prior to intervention

    Diagnostic accuracy was defined as the concordance ratio of QFR evaluated outcomes (≤ 0.8 or \> 0.8) with the reference standard FFR evaluated outcomes (≤ 0.8 or \> 0.8)

    Time frame: 1 hour

Secondary outcomes

  1. Diagnostic accuracy of QFR-based virtual stenting in predicting FFR values after revascularizing the culprit lesion

    Diagnostic accuracy was defined as the concordance ratio of QFR evaluated outcomes (≤ 0.8 or \> 0.8) with the reference standard FFR evaluated outcomes (≤ 0.8 or \> 0.8)

    Time frame: 1 hour

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University
    Shanghai, Shanghai 200040, China
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Tu S, Westra J, Yang J, von Birgelen C, Ferrara A, Pellicano M, Nef H, Tebaldi M, Murasato Y, Lansky A, Barbato E, van der Heijden LC, Reiber JHC, Holm NR, Wijns W; FAVOR Pilot Trial Study Group. Diagnostic Accuracy of Fast Computational Approaches to Derive Fractional Flow Reserve From Diagnostic Coronary Angiography: The International Multicenter FAVOR Pilot Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Oct 10;9(19):2024-2035. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.07.013. PubMed 27712739 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 3, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03405506
Lead sponsor
Pulse Medical Imaging Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 23, 2018
Start date
Jun 13, 2017
Primary completion
Jul 20, 2017
Completion
Jul 20, 2017
Last update
Jun 3, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in May 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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