ClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT02930343Updated Jul 27, 2021Results posted

Comparison of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy in Patients With RA Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy

A Phase 3 interventional study of Methotrexate and Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis, sponsored by Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research. Terminated at 1 site in India. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-07-27.

Sponsored by Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was terminated
Due to time constraints, the study was halted prematurely
Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
136
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

RA (Rheuatoid arthritis) is a multisystem disease that mainly involves joints resulting in destructive arthritis if not treated rapidly. Inspite of various advances in field of early diagnosis and treatment of RA, there is still a need for better understanding of the efficacy and safety of various combinations of conventional DMARDS, and to rank them in order accordingly, so as to give a clearer vision for further management of RA once MTX monotherapy fails, so as to achieve remission as soon as possible. The study will be conducted at the Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER (Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education \& Research). patients who fail methotrexate monotherapy will be randomised to 2 treatment arms - either a combination of Sulfasalazine (SSZ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Methotrexate (MTX) or Leflunomide (LEF), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Methotrexate (MTX)

Read the detailed description

Patients aged ≥18 years, fulfilling the 2010 ACR EULAR criteria for RA (symptom duration less than two years) , having more than 4 joints involved \& having moderate to severe disease activity (DAS28≥3.2) will be invited to participate. After providing written informed consent, eligible patients will be first started on MTX monotherapy \& only patients who have persistant moderate disease activity (DAS28 ESR > 3.2) will be randomized into two groups. Block randomization will be done to generate random allocation sequence

Group 1 - will receive MTX+LEF+HCQ Group 2- will receive MTX+SSZ+HCQ

DMARD dosages used are: MTX 25 mg/week orally (dosage after 6 weeks),SSZ 2g/d (after 4 weeks) LEF 20 mg/day (dosage after 2 weeks) and HCQ 200 mg/day. Glucocorticoids will be given in an oral tapering scheme. All patients will be prescribed folic acid (10 mg/week) during MTX prescription.

02

Conditions studied

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
03

In context

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

3,332 studies on the registry are indexed under Arthritis, Rheumatoid; 443 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 136 is above the median of 96 across 2,220 interventional studies indexed under Arthritis, Rheumatoid.

Browse Arthritis, Rheumatoid studies →

Lead sponsor

Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research is the lead sponsor of 12 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Age >18 years satisfying ACR-EULAR criteria for RA

  1. Polyarthritis (>4 joints)
  2. Disease duration of less than 2 years
  3. Patients with moderate to severe disease activity (DAS28>3.2)
  4. Patients who have failed to respond to initial Methotrexate monotherapy

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. End stage disease (deformed fixed joints)
  2. Patients with vasculitis, extra-articular features like interstitial lung disease8
  3. to DMARD therapy (Chronic Alcoholism, Chronic liver disease, Evidence of acute/chronic infection, Chronic kidney disease, Patients with leucopenia (\<3.0×109/l), thrombocytopenia (\<150×109/l), /ALT>2× upper normal value and \<30ml/minute )
  4. Pregnant, lactating women ; patients (both men and women) of reproductive age group unwilling for use who have not completed the family
  5. Patients unable to come for regular follow up
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
136 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ

    Active Comparator: Combination of Methotrexate (up to 25 mg per week), Leflunomide (20 mg once a day) and Hydroxychloroquine (200-400 mg once at night). All drugs are to be taken orally. Duration of therapy is for 3 months. All patients will receive folic acid (5 mg twice a week) along with methotrexate. Low dose prednisolone (weeks 1-2: 7.5 mg/day, weeks 2-4: 5 mg/day, weeks 4-6: 5 mg on alternate day and then stop) will be given as bridging therapy.

    Drug: Methotrexate · Drug: Leflunomide · Drug: Hydroxychloroquine · Drug: Prednisolone · Drug: Folic Acid

  • Active comparator
    group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ

    Combination of Methotrexate (up to 25 mg per week), Sulfasalazine (2g per day) and Hydroxychloroquine (200-400 mg once at night). All drugs are to be taken orally. Duration of therapy is for 3 months. All patients will receive folic acid (5 mg twice a week) along with methotrexate. Low dose prednisolone (weeks 1-2: 7.5 mg/day, weeks 2-4: 5 mg/day, weeks 4-6: 5 mg on alternate day and then stop) will be given as bridging therapy.

    Drug: Methotrexate · Drug: Hydroxychloroquine · Drug: Prednisolone · Drug: Folic Acid · Drug: Sulfasalazine

Interventions

  • Methotrexate, a structural analogue of folic acid, can be administered orally or parenterally to treat a variety of rheumatic diseases

    Also known as: folitrax, MTX

  • Leflunomide inhibits pyrimidine synthesis, resulting in blockade of T-cell proliferation. Leflunomide is used in patients with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis with early or late disease

    Also known as: Arava, Lefno, LEF

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a well-tolerated DMARD that is commonly used in combination therapy regimens for RA. HCQ is more commonly used than chloroquine.

    Also known as: HCQ

  • Low dose prednisolone (weeks 1-2: 7.5 mg/day, weeks 2-4: 5 mg/day, weeks 4-6: 5 mg on alternate day and then stop)

    Also known as: Steroids, Glucocorticoids

  • Folic acid is to be given to all patients receiving methotrexate at a dose of 5 mg twice a week.

    Also known as: Folvite

  • 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the active component of sulfasalazine; the specific mechanism of action of 5-ASA is unknown; however, it is thought that it modulates local chemical mediators of the inflammatory response, especially leukotrienes, and is also postulated to be a free radical scavenger or an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

    Also known as: Saaz, SSZ

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks

    EULAR response criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis includes- estimation of DAS 28 ESR, that includes- 1. Tender joint count 28 2. Swollen joint count 28 3. ESR 4. Patient global assessment of health

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Disease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score

    Ultrasound 7 score (US-7) Calculates ultrasound score in 7 joints using greyscale and power doppler to evaluate for disease activity (synovitis, tenosynovitis) and damage (erosions) Score minimum value= 0 Maximum value = 108 Higher score indicates worse disease

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Number of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions

    Infections, transaminitis, nausea, vomiting, derranged renal function tests etc

    Time frame: 24 weeks

  3. Indian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)

    Indian version of Health assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ) Comprises of 12 questions relating to functional activity iHAQ score ranges from 0 to 3 (minimum 0, maximum 3) Higher scores indicate more disability

    Time frame: 12 weeks

07

Results

Posted Jun 10, 2021
Limitations and caveats
Early termination resulted in enrollment of 136 patients instead of 140 patients.

Participant flow

patients were enrolled from OPD (outdoor patient department) of Rheumatology clinic of JIPMER , from September 2016 to March 2018

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Started6868
Completed5961
Not completed97
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up97

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks

EULAR response criteria for Rheumatoid arthritis includes- estimation of DAS 28 ESR, that includes- 1. Tender joint count 28 2. Swollen joint count 28 3. ESR 4. Patient global assessment of health

Time frame:
12 weeks
Reported as:
Number · participants
Number of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks
participantsGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Number of Patients Achieving Good EULAR Response at the End of 12 Weeks4037
SecondaryDisease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score

Ultrasound 7 score (US-7) Calculates ultrasound score in 7 joints using greyscale and power doppler to evaluate for disease activity (synovitis, tenosynovitis) and damage (erosions) Score minimum value= 0 Maximum value = 108 Higher score indicates worse disease

Time frame:
12 weeks
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Disease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score
units on a scaleGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Disease Activity as Per Ultrasound-7 (US-7) Score3.5 (0 to 6)4 (0 to 4.5)
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions

Infections, transaminitis, nausea, vomiting, derranged renal function tests etc

Time frame:
24 weeks
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions
ParticipantsGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Total number of any adverse events1521
Serious adverse events00
Any gastrointestinal adverse reaction1116
Nausea46
Diarrhea11
Switch to parenteral Methotrexate514
Raised liver enzymes > 2 times upper limit normal11
Herpes labialis02
upper respiratory tract infection55
urinary tract infection10
Hypertension10
hairfall22
Cytopenia00
SecondaryIndian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)

Indian version of Health assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ) Comprises of 12 questions relating to functional activity iHAQ score ranges from 0 to 3 (minimum 0, maximum 3) Higher scores indicate more disability

Time frame:
12 weeks
Reported as:
Median · score on a scale
Indian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)
score on a scaleGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Indian Health Assessment Questionnaire (iHAQ)0.7 (0.4 to 1)0.5 (0.07 to 1.3)

Adverse events

Collected over 24 weeks. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQ0/68 (0%)0/68 (0%)15/68 (22.1%)
Group 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ0/68 (0%)0/68 (0%)21/68 (30.9%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventGroup 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQ
Gastrointestinal adverse eventsGastrointestinal disorders11/6816/68
Switch to parenteral MethotrexateProduct Issues5/6814/68
infectionsInfections and infestations6/687/68
HairfallSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders2/682/68
hypertensionCardiac disorders1/680/68
Raised liver enzymesHepatobiliary disorders1/681/68

Baseline characteristics

Age, Customized
Age, Customized(years)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Age (years)39 (31 to 47)42 (29 to 46)40 (30 to 46)
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Female6464128
Male448
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Count of participants——0
Disease duration (months)
Disease duration (months)(months)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Median12 (6 to 24)18 (6 to 24)15 (6 to 24)
Rheumatoid factor positivity
Rheumatoid factor positivity(Participants)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Count of participants514495
Anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody
Anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(Participants)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Count of participants5154105
DAS28ESR
DAS28ESR(units on a scale)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Median4.3 (4.1 to 5)4.2 (3.9 to 4.5)4.2 (4.1 to 4.7)
Tender joint count (TJ28)
Tender joint count (TJ28)(tender joints)Group 1- MTX+LEF+HCQGroup 2- MTX+SSZ+HCQTotal
Median4 (2 to 6)4 (2 to 5)4 (3 to 6)

6 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

08

Study locations

1 site
  • Department of Clinical Immunology , Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Educationa and Research
    Pondicherry, 605006, India
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Belani PJ, Kavadichanda CG, Negi VS. Comparison between leflunomide and sulfasalazine based triple therapy in methotrexate refractory rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int. 2022 May;42(5):771-782. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04994-1. Epub 2021 Sep 29. PubMed 34586472 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Sep 2016 to primary completion in Aug 2018, 23 months.

Results were first posted in Jun 2021, 2 years 10 months after primary completion.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 13, 2016
First posted
Oct 12, 2016
StartActual
Sep 2016
Primary completionActual
Aug 2018
CompletionActual
Aug 2018
Results first posted
Jun 10, 2021
Last update
Jul 27, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 27, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02930343
Lead sponsor
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
Responsible party
Dr. Vir Singh Negi (Professor and head of the department, Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 12, 2016
Start date
Sep 2016
Primary completion
Aug 2018
Completion
Aug 2018
Results posted
Jun 10, 2021
Last update
Jul 27, 2021

Study contacts

Vir S Negi, DM
principal investigator · Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
Pooja Belani, MD
study chair · Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drugs tested here: Leflunomide · Sulfasalazine

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