An observational study in Migraine, sponsored by National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Greece. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-29.
Sponsored by National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · Observational
Migraine is a common neurological disorder that can substantially impair work productivity and daily functioning through both absenteeism and presenteeism. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire for Migraine (WPAI:Migraine) is a brief patient-reported measure designed to assess migraine-related impairment in work and daily activities. Although the questionnaire has demonstrated validity and reliability in other populations, a validated Greek version is currently unavailable. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Greek version of the WPAI:Migraine in individuals with episodic or chronic migraine, thereby providing an appropriate tool for assessing migraine-related work productivity and functional impairment in the Greek population.
Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders among working-age individuals worldwide and a major cause of lost work productivity. Migraine attacks not only cause pain and associated symptoms but also lead to work absenteeism, reduced productivity, and limitations in daily activities [1,2]. A study including 31 countries showed that 52% of individuals with at least 4 migraine days per month experienced an overall reduction in work performance due to migraine, and that this was attributable more to presenteeism than absenteeism [3]. The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study reported that the cost of presenteeism was nearly three times that of absenteeism in patients with episodic migraine [4].
The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI) is a brief and widely used patient-reported outcome measure that assesses the impact of chronic diseases on work performance. WPAI:Migraine, a migraine-specific version, has been found to be valid and reliable in American and Arabic populations of patients with episodic and chronic migraine [1,5]. International Headache Society (IHS) guidelines for preventive treatment trials in episodic and chronic migraine recommend the use of the WPAI [6,7]. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the impact of migraine not only through clinical parameters but also in terms of productivity and functioning [6,7].
In Greece, migraine studies have been conducted at the population level using pharmacological treatments and assessments. However, with regard to daily life and work productivity, there is currently no validated Greek WPAI:Migraine questionnaire available to assess migraine-related productivity loss. Availability of such a scale for the Greek migraine population is important for clinical applications, health-economics research, and evaluation of treatment outcomes [8,9].
Aim of the study - Hypotheses to be tested The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Greek version of the WPAI:Migraine questionnaire in individuals with migraine and to determine whether it can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing work productivity and functioning in the Greek population.
Hypotheses:
Hypotheses:
Adults aged 18-70 years with a diagnosis of episodic or chronic migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3), confirmed by a specialist neurologist. Participants will be recruited from the Specialized Headache Clinic of Aeginition Hospital in Greece.
Exclusion Criteria:
Greek Version of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire for Migraine (WPAI:Migraine)
The validity and reliability of the Greek version of the WPAI:Migraine will be evaluated in patients with migraine. The questionnaire assesses work productivity and activity impairment over the previous 7 days, including absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Higher percentage scores indicate greater impairment.
Time frame: Baseline and 7-14 days after baseline for test-retest reliability.
Migraine-Related Disability
igraine-related disability will be assessed using the MIDAS questionnaire, which evaluates disability over the previous 3 months. The total score is calculated from five items, with higher scores indicating greater migraine-related disability.
Time frame: Baseline
Headache Impact
The impact of headache on daily functioning and quality of life will be assessed using the HIT-6. Total scores range from 36 to 78, with higher scores indicating greater headache impact.
Time frame: Baseline
Migraine-Specific Quality of Life
Migraine-specific quality of life over the previous 4 weeks will be assessed using the MSQv2.1, which includes Role Function-Restrictive, Role Function-Preventive, and Emotional Function domains. Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better migraine-specific quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline
Headache Pain Intensity
Headache pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) are not planned to be made publicly available. Data may be considered for sharing upon reasonable request and subject to applicable ethical and institutional requirements.
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens