An observational study in Periodontitis (Stage 3) and Smoking ( Cigarette), sponsored by Zehra Hasgül. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-14.
Sponsored by Zehra Hasgül · Observational
This study examines whether smoking and gum disease (periodontitis) are linked to changes in three biological markers found in saliva: TNF-α, FoxO-1, and SIRT-1. These markers are involved in inflammation and the body's response to stress.
Eighty adults took part in the study, divided into four groups: healthy non-smokers, non-smokers with Stage III periodontitis (an advanced form of gum disease), healthy smokers, and smokers with Stage III periodontitis. Each participant had a dental examination and provided a saliva sample, which was analyzed in the laboratory to measure the levels of these three markers.
The goal of the study is to better understand how smoking and gum disease together affect the body's inflammatory and stress-response pathways, which may help guide future approaches to prevention and treatment.
1,231 studies on the registry are indexed under Periodontitis; 295 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 80 is below the median of 90 across 372 observational studies indexed under Periodontitis.
Browse Periodontitis studies →Zehra Hasgül is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Systemically healthy adults aged ≥18 years recruited from the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Medipol University, stratified into four groups (n=20 each) based on periodontal status (healthy vs. Stage III periodontitis) and smoking status (smoker vs. non-smoker, verified by salivary cotinine concentration).
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Systemically healthy, non-smoking participants with no clinical signs of periodontal disease (probing depth ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing \<10%).
Diagnostic Test: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA)
Systemically healthy, non-smoking participants diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis, defined by interdental clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm at the site of greatest loss, radiographic bone loss extending to the middle third of the root or beyond, and probing depth ≥6 mm.
Diagnostic Test: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA)
Systemically healthy smokers with no clinical signs of periodontal disease (probing depth ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing \<10%). Smoking status was self-reported and verified by salivary cotinine concentration (\>0.18 mg/L).
Diagnostic Test: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA)
Smokers diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis, defined by interdental clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm at the site of greatest loss, radiographic bone loss extending to the middle third of the root or beyond, and probing depth ≥6 mm. Smoking status was self-reported and verified by salivary cotinine concentration (\>0.18 mg/L).
Diagnostic Test: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA)
Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected via passive drooling and analyzed for TNF-α, FoxO-1, and SIRT-1 concentrations using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (BT LAB, Korain Biotech, Shanghai, China), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Concentrations were adjusted according to individual salivary flow rate.
Salivary TNF-α Concentration
Salivary TNF-α concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/L, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
Time frame: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Salivary FoxO-1 Concentration
Salivary FoxO-1 concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/mL, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
Time frame: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Salivary SIRT-1 Concentration
Salivary SIRT-1 concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/mL, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
Time frame: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Ran from Oct 2025 to primary completion in Mar 2026, 5 months.
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This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Zehra Hasgül