ClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT07657702ANISO-MICROUpdated Jun 18, 2026

Effects of Anisodamine on Sublingual Microcirculation and Vascular Waterfall Phenomenon in Patients With Septic Shock

An interventional study of Anisodamine intravenous infusion in Septic Shock, Sepsis and Critical Illness, sponsored by First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 85 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-18.

Sponsored by First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 85 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 88 studies in Shock, Septic with a site in China — 29 open to participants now, 31 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Shock, Septic · China.

Planned enrollment
52nd of 61
20 · median 72
Started
2026
with 13 others
No phase
40 of 88
14 open now
Primary completion
2027-12
later than 23 of 30 live
Registered
78th of 88
by date
Lead sponsor
8 of 88
First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College

Among the 88 studies in Shock, Septic with a site in China, this one is the 52nd largest by planned enrollment of the 61 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 14 that started in 2026, is one of 40 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 23 of the 30 other live ones, and was the 78th registered.

Shock, Septic

1,078 studies on the registry are indexed under Shock, Septic; 232 are open to participants now.

Browse Shock, Septic studies →

Open to participants now

29 of the 88 studies in Shock, Septic with a site in China are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

24 more — sign in →

All 29 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in China have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in China →

Who these studies take

Of the 136 Shock, Septic studies recruiting now, 102 (75%) set no upper age limit and 19 (14%) stop at 75 or younger; 12 take children under 18; 13 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 85 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label interventional pilot study aims to evaluate the short-term physiological effects of intravenous anisodamine on sublingual microcirculation and vascular-waterfall parameters in adult patients with septic shock.

Eligible patients will have septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria, will require norepinephrine support after adequate fluid resuscitation, and will be receiving invasive mechanical ventilation and PiCCO-based hemodynamic monitoring. After baseline assessment, participants will receive intravenous anisodamine according to the study protocol. Anisodamine will be administered as a loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg within 3 minutes, with a minimum dose of 20 mg and a maximum dose of 40 mg, followed by continuous infusion at 0.02-0.1 mg/kg/hour, with a maximum total daily dose of 200 mg.

Sublingual microcirculatory variables, including microvascular flow index, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, and heterogeneity index, as well as vascular-waterfall parameters, including estimated critical closing pressure, estimated mean systemic filling pressure, and the Pcc-Pmsf gradient, will be measured at baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine. Systemic hemodynamic, perfusion, vasopressor, PiCCO-derived variables, and safety outcomes will also be collected.

The primary objective is to characterize immediate changes in sublingual microcirculation and vascular-waterfall physiology after anisodamine administration and to provide preliminary data for future controlled studies.

Read the detailed description

Septic shock is characterized by profound circulatory dysfunction involving both the macrocirculation and the microcirculation. Although conventional resuscitation targets such as mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and serum lactate are widely used, microcirculatory alterations may persist despite apparent stabilization of systemic hemodynamics. Direct evaluation of sublingual microcirculation may therefore provide additional physiological information in patients with septic shock.

Anisodamine is a non-specific muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist that has been used in China as an adjunctive therapy in septic shock. Previous clinical studies suggest that anisodamine may improve microcirculatory perfusion, reduce lactate levels, and decrease vasopressor requirements in selected patients with septic shock. However, its immediate effects on directly visualized sublingual microcirculation and vascular-waterfall physiology remain insufficiently characterized.

The vascular-waterfall phenomenon refers to the concept that tissue perfusion is influenced not only by arterial and venous pressures but also by the relationship between upstream pressure, critical closing pressure, and mean systemic filling pressure. In septic shock, changes in vascular tone, vasopressor exposure, vascular closing pressure, and stressed blood volume may alter the effective pressure gradient for tissue perfusion. Evaluation of vascular-waterfall variables together with direct sublingual microcirculatory imaging may provide mechanistic insight into the physiological effects of anisodamine beyond conventional macrocirculatory variables.

This is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label, interventional pilot physiological study conducted in adult intensive care unit patients with septic shock. Patients will be screened after initial hemodynamic optimization. Eligible patients must have septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria, ongoing norepinephrine support, invasive mechanical ventilation, and PiCCO-based hemodynamic monitoring before anisodamine initiation. Patients with contraindications to anisodamine, major conditions interfering with sublingual microcirculatory imaging, severe uncontrolled arrhythmia, or expected death or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment within 24 hours will be excluded.

After informed consent is obtained, baseline measurements will be performed immediately before anisodamine administration. Anisodamine will be given as an intravenous loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg within 3 minutes, with a minimum dose of 20 mg and a maximum dose of 40 mg, followed by continuous intravenous infusion at 0.02-0.1 mg/kg/hour. The total daily dose will not exceed 200 mg. The maintenance dose may be adjusted by the treating physician according to the patient's microcirculatory status, serum lactate level, capillary refill time, hemodynamics, and adverse effects. Dose reduction, temporary interruption, or discontinuation will be permitted for safety reasons, including clinically significant hypotension, tachycardia, new-onset or worsening arrhythmia, prolonged QT interval, myocardial ischemia, mental status changes, urinary retention, ileus, or other clinically significant adverse events.

Study assessments will be performed at baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine. Sublingual microcirculatory imaging will be used to assess microvascular flow index, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, and microcirculatory heterogeneity index. Vascular-waterfall related variables will include estimated critical closing pressure, estimated mean systemic filling pressure, and the Pcc-Pmsf gradient. Systemic hemodynamic and perfusion variables, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, norepinephrine dose, arterial lactate, urine output, capillary refill time, and PiCCO-derived variables, will also be recorded.

Approximately 20 patients will be enrolled to assess feasibility and generate preliminary estimates of physiological changes after anisodamine administration. The main analyses will describe changes from baseline in sublingual microcirculatory and vascular-waterfall parameters over the 6-hour observation period. Safety events, especially tachycardia and arrhythmias, will be summarized descriptively to inform the design of subsequent controlled studies.

03

Conditions studied

  • Septic Shock
  • Sepsis
  • Critical Illness

Keywords

  • anisodamine
  • anisodamine hydrobromide
  • septic shock
  • sublingual microcirculation
  • microvascular flow index
  • vascular waterfall
  • critical closing pressure
  • mean systemic filling pressure
  • Pcc
  • Pmsf
  • PiCCO
  • mechanical ventilation
  • arrhythmia
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 85 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18-85 years.
  • Diagnosis of septic shock according to Sepsis-3 criteria, defined as suspected or documented infection with vasopressor requirement to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg and serum lactate >2 mmol/L after adequate fluid resuscitation.
  • Enrollment within 24 hours after diagnosis of septic shock or within 24 hours after ICU admission for septic shock.
  • Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of enrollment.
  • PiCCO catheter in place and PiCCO-based hemodynamic monitoring available before anisodamine initiation.
  • Continuous norepinephrine infusion at enrollment.
  • Adequate initial fluid resuscitation and hemodynamic optimization as judged by the treating physician, with volume status assessed by dynamic indices, echocardiography, or PiCCO-derived variables.
  • Ability to obtain sublingual microcirculatory images of acceptable quality at baseline.
  • Written obtained from the patient or legally authorized representative.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Shock mainly caused by non-septic etiologies, including cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive, hemorrhagic, or anaphylactic shock.
  • Expected death or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment within 24 hours.
  • Known to anisodamine or anticholinergic therapy, including glaucoma, acute phase of intracranial hemorrhage, elevated intracranial pressure, untreated bowel obstruction, or prostatic enlargement without urinary catheterization.
  • Known allergy or to anisodamine or any component of the study drug.
  • Severe or uncontrolled arrhythmia before enrollment, including sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsade de pointes, uncontrolled supraventricular tachycardia, or atrial fibrillation/flutter with uncontrolled ventricular response.
  • Acute coronary syndrome, myocardial ischemia, or cardiac arrest before enrollment during the current ICU stay.
  • Severe cardiac dysfunction judged unsuitable for anisodamine by the treating physician, including severe ventricular dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, or need for high-dose inotropic support.
  • Conditions interfering with sublingual microcirculatory assessment, including major oral or sublingual lesions, active oral bleeding, inability to access the sublingual area, or poor baseline image quality.
  • status or agranulocytosis, including long-term immunosuppressive therapy, chemotherapy-associated severe neutropenia, or other severe immune suppression judged by the investigator.
  • Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, or lactation.
  • Participation in another interventional clinical trial that may affect study outcomes or safety.
  • Inability to obtain .
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Anisodamine arm

    Adult patients with septic shock receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, norepinephrine support, and PiCCO-based hemodynamic monitoring after initial resuscitation will receive intravenous anisodamine. Sublingual microcirculatory, vascular-waterfall, PiCCO-derived, macrocirculatory, perfusion, and safety variables will be assessed at baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation.

    Drug: Anisodamine intravenous infusion

Interventions

  • Anisodamine will be administered as an intravenous loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg within 3 minutes, with a minimum dose of 20 mg and a maximum dose of 40 mg, followed by continuous intravenous infusion at 0.02-0.1 mg/kg/hour. The maximum total daily dose will be 200 mg. The maintenance dose may be adjusted according to microcirculatory status, serum lactate level, capillary refill time, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, PiCCO-derived hemodynamic variables, vasopressor requirement, and adverse effects. Dose reduction, temporary interruption, or discontinuation is permitted for safety reasons, including clinically significant hypotension, excessive tachycardia, new-onset or worsening arrhythmia, prolonged QT interval, suspected myocardial ischemia, mental status changes, urinary retention, ileus, or other clinically significant adverse events. The actual dose, infusion duration, and reasons for dose adjustment or discontinuation will be recorded.

    Also known as: Anisodamine hydrobromide, Ani HBr

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change From Baseline in Pcc-Pmsf Gradient

    The vascular-waterfall pressure gradient will be calculated as the difference between estimated critical closing pressure and estimated mean systemic filling pressure. The outcome is the change in Pcc-Pmsf from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  2. Change From Baseline in Sublingual Microvascular Flow Index

    Microvascular flow index will be assessed using sublingual microcirculatory imaging. Three to five sublingual video fields will be recorded at each time point, and MFI will be calculated according to standard microcirculatory scoring methods. The outcome is the change in MFI from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change From Baseline in Perfused Vessel Density

    Perfused vessel density will be measured from sublingual microcirculatory images. The outcome is the change in PVD from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  2. Change From Baseline in Proportion of Perfused Vessels

    Proportion of perfused vessels will be measured from sublingual microcirculatory images. The outcome is the change in PPV from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  3. Change From Baseline in Microcirculatory Heterogeneity Index

    Microcirculatory heterogeneity index will be calculated from sublingual microcirculatory measurements. The outcome is the change in HI from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  4. Change From Baseline in Estimated Critical Closing Pressure

    Estimated critical closing pressure will be calculated using predefined hemodynamic methods based on arterial pressure waveform-derived parameters and PiCCO-based cardiac output measurements. The outcome is the change in Pcc from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation.

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  5. Change From Baseline in Estimated Mean Systemic Filling Pressure

    Estimated mean systemic filling pressure will be calculated using predefined hemodynamic methods based on PiCCO-derived cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance-related variables. The outcome is the change in Pmsf from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  6. Change From Baseline in Mean Arterial Pressure

    Mean arterial pressure will be recorded from invasive arterial monitoring at each study time point. The outcome is the change in MAP from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  7. Change From Baseline in Cardiac Index

    Cardiac index will be measured using PiCCO-based hemodynamic monitoring. The outcome is the change in cardiac index from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  8. Change From Baseline in Norepinephrine Dose

    Norepinephrine dose will be recorded in μg/kg/min at each study time point. The outcome is the change in norepinephrine dose from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  9. Change From Baseline in Arterial Lactate

    Arterial lactate concentration will be measured according to routine clinical practice. The outcome is the change in lactate from baseline to 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  10. Change From Baseline in Capillary Refill Time

    Capillary refill time will be assessed according to local clinical practice. The outcome is the change in capillary refill time from baseline to 3 and 6 hours after anisodamine initiation

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 hours, and 6 hours after initiation of anisodamine

  11. Incidence of New-Onset or Worsening Arrhythmia

    New-onset or worsening arrhythmia will be recorded during the observation period. Arrhythmias of interest include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, frequent ventricular premature beats requiring treatment, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsade de pointes, or any arrhythmia requiring treatment modification, antiarrhythmic therapy, cardioversion, or discontinuation of anisodamine

    Time frame: From initiation of anisodamine to 6 hours after initiation

  12. Incidence of Prespecified Adverse Events

    Prespecified adverse events include clinically significant hypotension, excessive tachycardia, new-onset or worsening arrhythmia, prolonged QT interval, suspected myocardial ischemia, escalation of vasopressor or inotropic support, interruption or discontinuation of anisodamine for safety reasons, mental status changes, urinary retention, ileus, cardiac arrest, or other clinically significant events during the observation period

    Time frame: From initiation of anisodamine to 6 hours after initiation

  13. ICU Length of Stay

    Number of days from ICU admission to ICU discharge

    Time frame: From ICU admission to ICU discharge, assessed up to 28 days after enrollment

  14. Ventilator-Free Days at Day 28

    Number of days alive and free from invasive mechanical ventilation within 28 days after enrollment.

    Time frame: 28 days after enrollment

  15. 28-Day Mortality

    All-cause mortality within 28 days after enrollment

    Time frame: 28 days after enrollment

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Aug 2026; primary completion for Dec 2027, 16 months later.

Of 164 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Shock, Septic, half reached primary completion within 25 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 41. This study's planned 16 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 172 studies reached it within 25 months; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 42.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 14, 2026
First posted
Jun 18, 2026
StartEst.
Aug 1, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Dec 1, 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 30, 2027
Last update
Jun 18, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07657702
Lead sponsor
First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College
Collaborators
The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University
Responsible party
Qiancheng Xu (Principal Investigator, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 18, 2026
Start date
Aug 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 18, 2026

Study contacts

qiancheng xu
Contact
qianchengxu@wnmc.edu.cn
+86-18297529106

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Anisodamine

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