An observational study in Development Delay, Child Development and Social Functioning, sponsored by Bartosz M. Radtke. Recruiting at 1 site in Poland. Open to participants aged 3 Years to 6 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-19.
Sponsored by Bartosz M. Radtke · Observational
The goal of this observational study is to investigate perinatal, cognitive, linguistic and social-emotional correlates of developmental delays of preschool children.
The study group consist of minimal 500 children between 3 and 6 years of age who will be examined by qualified diagnosticians. Participants will be evaluated with tasks related to the studied variables: cognitive functioning, linguistic skills and social-emotional functioning. Furthermore informations regarding social-emotional functioning of children, will be collected from parents.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare the following groups of children between 3 and 6 years old:
With developmental delay disorder:
270 studies on the registry are indexed under Learning Disabilities; 62 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 500 is above the median of 150 across 82 observational studies indexed under Learning Disabilities.
Browse Learning Disabilities studies →Bartosz M. Radtke is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; 3 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Polish preschool children aged 3 to 6 years.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Children between 3 to 6 years old with formal early development support.
Other: Psychological assessment
Children between 3 to 6 years old with formal diagnosis of delayed speech development
Other: Psychological assessment
Children between 3 to 6 years old without formal diagnosis of delayed speech development and without any formal early development support.
Other: Psychological assessment
Psychological assessment of cognitive, linguistic and social-emotional functioning.
Cognitive Functioning Index as measured by the Battery of Methods for the Diagnosis of Psychomotor Development in Children aged 3-6 (B3/6)
The Cognitive Functioning Index is a composite score derived from the Cognitive Area of the B3/6 battery. It evaluates visual-spatial processing (Blocks, Puzzles), working memory (Frog recall tasks, Sentence repetition), planning (Mazes), and naming speed. Data will be reported as a standardized score (mean=100, SD=15).
Time frame: Baseline
Phonological Processing Index as measured by the Battery of Methods for the Diagnosis of Psychomotor Development in Children aged 3-6 (B3/6)
Description: This index assesses linguistic skills through the Phonological Processing scale of the B3/6 battery. It includes tasks measuring syllabic and phonemic analysis and synthesis, as well as sound abstraction. Data will be reported as a standardized score (mean=100, SD=15).
Time frame: Baseline
Social-Emotional Development Score as measured by the Battery of Methods for the Diagnosis of Psychomotor Development in Children aged 3-6 (B3/6)
Description: This score evaluates the child's social-emotional competence through the Social-Emotional Area of the B3/6 battery. The assessment covers three key components: naming emotions, recognizing emotions, and empathy. Data will be reported as a standardized score (mean=100, SD=15).
Time frame: Baseline
General intellectual functioning measured by the Stanford-Binet 5 (SB5)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition (SB5). A standardized test which assessment two main intellectual domain (Nonverbal and Verbal). Each domain consist of five scales (Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory). This test is based on the Cattel-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory (CHC).
Time frame: Baseline
Nonverbal Intelligence Quotient (NIQ) as measured by the Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (PTONI)
Description: The PTONI is a standardized, norm-referenced instrument designed to assess nonverbal reasoning and problem-solving skills in young children. It measures abilities such as analogical reasoning, categorical classification, and sequential reasoning. The test requires no verbal response from the child. The results will be reported as a standardized index score (mean=100, SD=15).
Time frame: Baseline
Early social-emotional development
The Emotional Development Scale for Children Aged 3-6. A standardized test for assessing the emotional development of preschool children, which consists of three diagnostic scales: 1) Recognizing emotions, 2) Naming emotions and 3) Emotions in social situations.
Time frame: Baseline
Birth weight
Description: The weight of the newborn at birth, collected retrospectively from medical records or parental report. Data will be reported in grams.
Time frame: Baseline (retrospective data)
Gestational age at birth
Description: The number of completed weeks of pregnancy at the time of delivery, collected retrospectively. Data will be reported in weeks.
Time frame: Baseline (retrospective data)
Apgar score
Description: The Apgar score recorded 5 minutes after birth, representing the newborn's physical condition. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate better health status.
Time frame: Baseline (retrospective data)
Occurrence of perinatal complications
Description: Number of participants who experienced medical complications during the perinatal period (e.g., hypoxia, infections). Reported as a categorical frequency (Yes/No).
Time frame: Baseline (retrospective data)
Socio-demographic data
Authors survey of socio-demographic data, including: gender, month and year of birth, size of place of residence, region of residence, age of starting preschool, diagnosis (if any), parents education level
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Started Sep 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Sep 2026, 12 months after the start.
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Bartosz M. Radtke