An observational study in Perinatal Condition, Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Social Functioning, sponsored by Bartosz M. Radtke. Completed at 1 site in Poland. Open to participants aged 5 Years to 18 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-06.
Sponsored by Bartosz M. Radtke · Observational
The goal of this observational study is to investigate perinatal, cognitive and social-emotional correlates of neurodevelopmental disorders and educational difficulties in children and adolescents.
The study group consist of minimal 500 childrens over 5 years of age who will be examined by qualified diagnosticians. Participants will be evaluated with tasks related to the studied variables: cognitive functioning, social-emotional functioning. Furthermore informations regarding social-emotional functioning of children, will be collected from parents and teachers.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare the following groups of children over 5 years old:
With neurodevelopmental disorders:
352 studies on the registry are indexed under Neurodevelopmental Disorders; 141 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 500 is above the median of 200 across 133 observational studies indexed under Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Browse Neurodevelopmental Disorders studies →Bartosz M. Radtke is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; 3 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Polish children and adolescents attending to formal education schools in age 5 to 18 years old.
Inclusion criteria for neurodevelopmental disorder groups:
Inclusion criteria for learning difficulties:
Inclusion criteria for control group
Exclusion criteria for learning difficulties
- diagnosis of Developmental learning disorder
Exclusion criteria for all groups:
Children above 5 years old, with formal diagnosis of Developmental learning disorder.
Other: Psychological assessment
Children above 5 years old, with formal diagnosis of Disorder of intellectual development, mild.
Other: Psychological assessment
Children above 5 years old, with formal diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Other: Psychological assessment
Children above 5 years old, with formal diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Other: Psychological assessment
Children above 5 years old, with difficulties in reading and/or writing without formal diagnosis of Developmental learning disorder.
Other: Psychological assessment
Children above 5 years old without formal diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Other: Psychological assessment
Psychological assessment of cognitive and social-emotional functioning.
Perinatal risks factors
Data from medical documentations including: birth weight, body length, head and chest circumference, Apgar score, interventions supporting breathing and blood circulation.
Time frame: Data collected immediately after childbirth.
Memory and learning
Test of Memory and Learning (second edition). A standardized test measuring memory functioning and learning abilities in children and adolescents. The test includes four basic factors (Verbal Memory, Nonverbal Memory, Complex Memory, and Delayed Recall) and five supplementary factors (Attention/Concentration, Sequential Memory, Free Recall, Associative Recall and Learning).
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Cognitive abilities
Specialized Learning Disabilities Battery. A standardized test allowing the assessment of cognitive processes important in learning and selected school skills in children and adolescents. The test consists of six scales and fifteen subscales: 1) Visuospatial Processing (Analysis and Synthesis, Rotation Rate, Visual Memory); 2) Auditory-Linguistic Processing (Phonetic Coding - Linguistic Aspect, Phonetic Coding - Cognitive Complexity, Resistance to Distractors); 3) Reading and Writing (Decoding, Comprehension, Writing, Spelling); 4) Long-term Memory (Associative Memory, Memory of Meanings); 5) Knowledge (General Knowledge, Lexical Knowledge); 6) Processing Rate (Speed of Perception).
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Social-emotional competence
The Social-Emotional Evaluation (SEE). A standardized test designed to evaluate aspects of emotional and social awareness, wich are part of the social-emotional competence. The SEE contains four core subtests, one supplemental subtest, and a Social Emotional Questionnaire: 1) Identifying Common Emotions; 2) Identifying Emotional Reactions; 3) Understanding Social Gaffes; 4) Understanding Conflicting Messages; Supplemental Subtest: Recognizing Facial Expressions; The Social Emotional Questionnaire assesses general social-emotional intelligence, based on both a parent/caregiver and an educator/specialist responds.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Socio-demographic data
Authors survey of socio-demographic data, including: gender, month and year of birth, size of place of residence, region of residence, school, class, age of starting education, average grade from the last semester, diagnosis (if any), parents education level
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
General intellectual functioning
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales-Fifth Edition (SB5). A standardized test which assessment two main intellectual domain (Nonverbal and Verbal). Each domain consist of five scales (Fluid Reasoning, Knowledge, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spatial Processing, and Working Memory). This test is based on the Cattel-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory (CHC).
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Nonverbal intellectual functioning
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4). A norm-referenced instrument that measures a General Intelligence. The TONI-4 has two equivalent forms: Form A and Form B. Each form consists of 60 items, all of which are abstract/figural.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Executive functions
Nonverbal Stroop Card Sorting Test (NSCST). A standardized, nonverbal Stroop test for cognitive-process, executive functioning and neuropsychological assessment. Test contain two groups of cards, which examinee have to sort cards according to presented visual stimulus. Additionally, the test includes an observational scale that allows to assessed the following processes: attention, impulse control, level of activity, anxiety and reactivity.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Learning difficulties
The Battery for Assessment of the Causes of Learning Difficulties. A set of tests to assess the occurrence of developmental learning disorders of reading and writing in school-age children. The battery consists of tests diagnosing: visual-spatial Functions (visual-spatial perception and speed of visual perception when working with visual material, eye-hand coordination, structuring of perception, attention and visual-motor control when working with complex material and short-term visual memory capacity), auditory-linguistic functions (phoneme hearing, phonological memory, ability to perform sound-phoneme analysis, sound abstraction and synthesizing sounds, attention and phonological memory), perceptual-motor integration, reading and writing skills.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Communication, social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2). A tool consisting of a set of tests and standardized components that allow to observe the person being examined during a naturally occurring interaction with a diagnostician. It consists of five Modules intended for respondents of different ages and levels of development of linguistic expression. ADOS-2 allows to assess various aspects of behavior, representing five categories: Language and communication, Social interactions, Play/Imagination, Stereotypical behavior and Rigid interests, Other behaviors that differ from the norm. The obtained data are analyzed on two scales: Social Affect and Restricted and Repetitive Behavior, as well as a total score allowing to assess the occurrence and level of severity of Autism spectrum disorder.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Early social-emotional development
The Emotional Development Scale for Children Aged 3-6. A standardized test for assessing the emotional development of preschool children, which consists of three diagnostic scales: 1) Recognizing emotions, 2) Naming emotions and 3) Emotions in social situations.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Social-emotional development
A part of Intelligence and Development Scales - 2nd edition (IDS-2), assessing social-emotional skills in a school-aged children. A standardized test consisting of three diagnostic scales: 1) Recognizing Emotions, 2) Regulating Emotions, 3) Social Strategies.
Time frame: Juli 1, 2022 until April 30, 2024
Plan to share: No
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders →
Bartosz M. Radtke