ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT05745025Updated Aug 30, 2023

rTMS and Rehabilitation for Individuals With CRPS Type 1

An interventional study of Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Sham Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I, sponsored by State University of New York - Upstate Medical University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-08-30.

Sponsored by State University of New York - Upstate Medical University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Feb 2025, 1 year 9 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Feb 2023; still recruiting 3 years 8 months later.

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 88 studies in Complex Regional Pain Syndromes with a site in United States — 20 open to participants now, 22 under way, 2 of them phase 3. Complex Regional Pain Syndromes · United States.

Planned enrollment
44th of 67
20 · median 30
Started
2023
with 6 others
No phase
36 of 88
10 open now
Primary completion
2025-02
later than 1 of 21 live
Registered
71st of 88
by date

Among the 88 studies in Complex Regional Pain Syndromes with a site in United States, this one is the 44th largest by planned enrollment of the 67 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 7 that started in 2023, is one of 36 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 1 of the 21 other live ones, and was the 71st registered.

Complex Regional Pain Syndromes

206 studies on the registry are indexed under Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; 54 are open to participants now.

Browse Complex Regional Pain Syndromes studies →

Open to participants now

20 of the 88 studies in Complex Regional Pain Syndromes with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

14 more — sign in →

All 20 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 39 Complex Regional Pain Syndromes studies recruiting now, 17 (44%) set no upper age limit and 16 (41%) stop at 75 or younger; 3 take children under 18; 5 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 88 studies in Complex Regional Pain Syndromes with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Subjects with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 will be randomized to receive repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) followed by rehabilitation or sham rTMS followed by rehabilitation. Treatment will last for 4 weeks, with the first week including 4 rTMS treatments and 2 rehabilitation treatments. Subsequent weeks will include 2 rTMS treatments followed by 2 rehabilitation treatments. Outcome measures will include pain ratings, PROMIS questionnaires, global rating of change, and grip strength or 1 repetition maximum leg press.

Read the detailed description

Subjects will be randomized to receive either real or sham rTMS, combined with rehabilitation. Subjects will attend 10 sessions over 4 weeks.

rTMS will be delivered at 10Hz using an intensity of 80% of the motor threshold. Pulse trains will be delivered for 10 seconds, with a 30-second rest for 20 repetitions. This will result in a total of 2,000 pulses of magnetic stimulation and will take approximately 20 minutes. There will be 10 rTMS sessions over the 4 weeks.

Sham rTMS will be delivered using the same method as rTMS, but a sham coil, that does not deliver magnetic stimulation, will be used.

Rehabilitation will include graded motor imagery, education, and graded functional activity. There will be 8 rehabilitation sessions over 4 weeks.

Outcomes will include questionnaires asking about pain and function, and either grip strength or leg press strength measurements.

03

Conditions studied

  • Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Upper or lower extremity CRPS Type 1 (also called RSD-Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy) of at least 6 months.
  • Pain rating on NPRS of at least 4/10
  • No initiation of a new intervention (i.e., medication, rehab, injections) in the previous 2 months.
  • No plan to initiate a new intervention during the study treatment timeframe (4 weeks).

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • A history of seizures or epilepsy
  • Intracranial metallic devices
  • Pacemaker
  • Intrathecal infusion pumps
  • Brain or spinal cord stimulators with epidural electrodes
  • Other ferromagnetic metallic intracranial implants
  • Apparent mental or psychiatric disorder that prevents adequate
  • Current pregnancy
  • Non-English speaking
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    rTMS and Rehabilitation

    Subjects in this arm will get rTMS to the contralateral motor cortex and best practice rehabilitation.

    Device: Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation · Other: Rehabilitation

  • Sham comparator
    Sham rTMS and Rehabilitation

    Subjects in this arm will get sham rTMS to the contralateral motor cortex and best practice rehabilitation.

    Device: Sham Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation · Other: Rehabilitation

Interventions

  • DeviceRepeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

    rTMS will be delivered using a commercially available magnetic stimulator (Rapid2, Magstim Inc., Eden Prairie, MN) with a figure-of-8 Air Film coil at 10 Hz. Coil orientation will be optimized for stimulation of the abductor pollicis brevis. Stimulation targeting will be identified using motor-evoked potentials (MEP) of the first dorsal interossei that will be monitored using electromyography (EMG) (Motion Lab Systems Inc., Baton Rouge, LA). The motor threshold (MT) of the muscle will then be identified by systematically adjusting the pulse intensity. The MT will be considered the lowest stimulation intensity at which 5 out of 10 MEPs have a peak-to-peak amplitude of at least 50 microvolts. rTMS will be performed at the identified optimal location at 10Hz using an intensity that is 80% of the MT. Pulse trains will be delivered for 10 seconds, with a 30-second rest for 20 repetitions.

    Also known as: rTMS

  • DeviceSham Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

    Sham rTMS will be performed using the same methods as the active group, but a sham Air Film coil (Magstim Inc., Eden Prairie, MN) will be used. This coil looks and sounds like the active coil, but it does not deliver magnetic pulses.

    Also known as: SrTMS

  • OtherRehabilitation

    Rehabilitation will consist of education, value-based goal setting, Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) (3 components described below), and graded activity. Subjects will complete activities at treatment sessions and be asked to perform certain treatment activities at home. Week 1: Pain education, functional value-based goal setting, laterality training (first component of GMI), one task for graded activity (task-based on patient goals) Week 2: Continue week 1 activity, add graded motor imagery (second component of GMI), progress 1st graded activity, and initiate 2nd graded activity exercise. Week 3- Mirror therapy (third component of GMI), assess knowledge and update education as needed, progress graded activity 1 and 2, and add 3rd graded activity if appropriate based on patient goals. Week 4- Continue with week 3 activities. Discuss experience with meditation and progress graded activity as tolerated

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Weekly Average

    Subjects will be asked to rate their weekly average pain on a scale from 0-10 (0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating worse possible pain).

    Time frame: Sessions 1 (week 1), 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4). Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) worse/least pain over 24 hours

    Subjects will be asked to rate their highest pain level and lowest pain level over a 24-hour period. (0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating worse possible pain).

    Time frame: Sessions 1 (week 1), 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4). Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session

  2. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS).

    NIH developed computer adaptive tools measuring pain interference, pain behavior, physical functioning, social roles, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and anger. Scores are reported based on T-scores with a mean population score of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores generally range from 20-80. For symptom scales (i.e. pain interference), higher scores indicate worse symptoms, and for function scales (i.e. social roles), higher scores indicate better function.

    Time frame: Sessions 1 (week 1), 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4). Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session

  3. Global Rating of Change (GROC)

    Subjects will be asked to rate the change of their symptoms from 7(a great deal better) to -7 (a great deal worse) with 0 being no different.

    Time frame: Sessions 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4). Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session

  4. Global Rating of Change Impact (GROCi)

    Subjects will be asked to rate the impact of the change from 7(a great deal better) to -7 (a great deal worse) with 0 being no different.

    Time frame: Sessions 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4) Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session

  5. Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS)

    Patients are asked if their current state of symptoms is acceptable, yes/no

    Time frame: Sessions 1 (week 1), 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4). Surveys will also be sent at 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after last session.

  6. Grip Strength or 1 Rep Leg Press

    Subjects with upper extremity involvement will have grip strength measured using a dynamometer. Subjects with lower extremity involvement will be tested with single leg 1 rep max leg press.

    Time frame: Sessions 1 (week 1), 4 (week 1), 6 (week 2), 8 (week 3), 10 (week 4).

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • SUNY Upstate Medical Univeristy Institute of Human Performance
    Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Shafiee E, MacDermid J, Packham T, Walton D, Grewal R, Farzad M. The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions on Pain and Disability for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin J Pain. 2023 Feb 1;39(2):91-105. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001089. PubMed 36650605 ↗
  • Eldufani J, Elahmer N, Blaise G. A medical mystery of complex regional pain syndrome. Heliyon. 2020 Feb 19;6(2):e03329. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03329. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed 32149194 ↗
  • Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, Filipovic SR, Grefkes C, Hasan A, Hummel FC, Jaaskelainen SK, Langguth B, Leocani L, Londero A, Nardone R, Nguyen JP, Nyffeler T, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Oliviero A, Padberg F, Palm U, Paulus W, Poulet E, Quartarone A, Rachid F, Rektorova I, Rossi S, Sahlsten H, Schecklmann M, Szekely D, Ziemann U. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Feb;131(2):474-528. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002. Epub 2020 Jan 1. Erratum In: Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 May;131(5):1168-1169. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.003. PubMed 31901449 ↗
  • Picarelli H, Teixeira MJ, de Andrade DC, Myczkowski ML, Luvisotto TB, Yeng LT, Fonoff ET, Pridmore S, Marcolin MA. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is efficacious as an add-on to pharmacological therapy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I. J Pain. 2010 Nov;11(11):1203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Apr 28. PubMed 20430702 ↗
  • Gaertner M, Kong JT, Scherrer KH, Foote A, Mackey S, Johnson KA. Advancing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Methods for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An Open-Label Study of Paired Theta Burst and High-Frequency Stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2018 Jun;21(4):409-416. doi: 10.1111/ner.12760. Epub 2018 Mar 4. PubMed 29504190 ↗
  • Pleger B, Janssen F, Schwenkreis P, Volker B, Maier C, Tegenthoff M. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex attenuates pain perception in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Neurosci Lett. 2004 Feb 12;356(2):87-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.11.037. PubMed 14746870 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Feb 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Feb 2025, 23 months after the start.

Of 64 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Complex Regional Pain Syndromes, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 14 and three quarters within 60. This study's planned 23 months is close to that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 65 studies reached it within 24 months; a quarter within 14 and three quarters within 60.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 7, 2023
First posted
Feb 27, 2023
StartActual
Feb 28, 2023
Primary completionEst.
Feb 1, 2025
CompletionEst.
Aug 1, 2025
Last update
Aug 30, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 30, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05745025
Collaborators
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association (RSDSA)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 27, 2023
Start date
Feb 28, 2023
Primary completion
Feb 1, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Aug 1, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 30, 2023

Study contacts

Adam P Rufa, DPT, PhD
Contact
rufaa@upstate.edu
(315)464-6883
Adam Rufa, DPT, PhD
principal investigator · SUNY Upstate Medical Univerity

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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