An observational study in Mandibular Reconstruction and Segmental Mandibular Defects, sponsored by AO Innovation Translation Center. Recruiting at 19 sites in 8 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-04.
Sponsored by AO Innovation Translation Center · Observational
Prospective will be collected in a minimum of 300 patients presenting with an acquired segmental mandibular defect ≥ 2 cm secondary to OSSC removal and drugs-induced osteonecrosis, and who require mandibular reconstruction.
Data will be prospectively collected from at least 300 patients with acquired segmental mandibular defects of 2 cm or larger following resection of tumors or necrotic/infected tissue, all of whom require mandibular reconstruction.
The follow up (FU) will consist of standard of care (routine) procedures and data collection will be done at 3, 6, 12, 18 and up to 24 months after resection and/or reconstruction. The maximum FU for each patient within the registry will be 2 years after mandibular resection.
Data collection will include confounding baseline data, tumor characteristics, neurological function, patient reported outcomes, quality of life as well as anticipated procedure-related adverse events (AEs). Available images will be collected and evaluated centrally to determine the location, positioning, osseointegration, bone quantity and quality of the transplants.
Depending on the volume and quality of the collected data, different statistical analyses will be performed. Exploratory analyses will be conducted to find relationships between the different treatment modalities and their outcomes.
Patients presenting with an acquired segmental mandibular defect secondary to oral squamous cell carcinoma removal and who require mandibular reconstruction.
Informed consent obtained, ie:
Exclusion Criteria:
Intraoperative exclusion criteria:
Additional exclusion criterion:
Patients undergoing segmental mandibular defect reconstruction. The decision of one stage or two stage reconstruction is done according to the patient and treating surgeon preferences following the local standard of care
Procedure: Surgical Resection and Reconstruction
One stage reconstruction: Osseous reconstruction is performed in the same surgery of the tumor/mandibular resection. It is also known as immediate or primary reconstruction. Second stage reconstruction: Osseous reconstruction is performed after the tumor/mandibular resection surgery as an independent surgery. After the mandibular resection a temporary alloplastic bridging might be put in place. It is also known as delayed or secondary reconstruction.
Demographics
Demographics (year of birth, height in cm and weight in kilogram, race)
Time frame: Baseline until resection surgery approximately 4 weeks
Comorbidities
Comorbidities assessed by Charlson Comorbidity Index (this score assesses the comorbidity level by considering both the number and severity of predefined comorbidity conditions. It provides a weighted score of a patient's comorbidities which can be used to predict mortality rates
Time frame: Baseline until resection surgery approximately 4 weeks
Nicotine consumption
Current and previous nicotine use will be collected: * Number of years * Time (years) since stopped using (if applicable) * Amount of cigarettes/day
Time frame: Baseline until resection surgery approximately 4 weeks
Patient reported outcome: Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)
Change in the OHIP over the follow-up period. The Oral Health Impact Profile is providing a comprehensive measure of self-reported dysfunction, discomfort and disability attributed to oral conditions. The OHIP is concerned with impairment and three functional status dimensions (social, psychological, and physical). Respondents are asked to indicate on a five-point Likert scale how frequently they experienced each problem. Response categories for the five-point scale are: "Very often", "Fairly often", "Occasionally", "Hardly ever" and "Never". The OHIP consists of 14 questions in which higher scores indicate worse outcomes.
Time frame: Baseline/ 3months/ 6 months/ 12 months/ 18 months/ 24 months
Difference of tumor locations of the oral squamous cell cancer
Oral squamous cell carcinoma locations acoording to follwoing regions: * Anterior compartment which includes lower lip, buccal mucosa, anterior vestibule, anterior ridge and anterior floor mouth * Lateral compartment which includes posterior vestibule, posterior alveolar ridge, posterior (lateral) floor of mouth * Retromolar compartment which includes alveolar ridge posterior to last molar, region of wisdom teeth, retromolar triangle ie buccal cheek, soft palate (arch), tonsillar regions * Tongue which includes ventral tongue (undersurface of tongue), lateral rim of tongue, base of tongue
Time frame: Baseline until resection surgery ( approximately 4 weeks)
Difference of tumor staging according to the TNM system
Oral squamous cell carcinoma staging according to TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system. In the TNM system the "T" refers to the size and extent of the main tumor likert from T0 to T4 whereas T0 is the smallest and T4 the biggest size. The main tumor is usually called the primary tumor. The "N" refers to the number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer likert for N0 to N3 whereas N0 is the single nearby lymphnode and N3 multiple lymphnodes. The "M" refers to whether the cancer has metastasized likert from M0 to M1 whereas M0 is no distant metastasis and M1 is distant metastasis.
Time frame: Baseline until resection surgery ( approximately 4 weeks)
Difference of surgical duration and hospital stay if resection and reconstruction was performed in one or two stages
* Duration of surgery (skin to skin) in minutes * Length of hospital stay in days * Date of osseous reconstruction (if different from resection surgery) in days
Time frame: Day of resection surgery until day of reconstruction surgery up to 18 months
Difference of surgical procedures of osseous reconstruction
* Numers of Bone and soft tissue flaps to reconstruct the mandible: ie number of pieces in which the donor bone(s) is cut to shape the reconstructed mandible * Type of bone donor/ bone transfer site(s): Vascularized bone flap(s) or composite flaps (ie bone and adjacent soft tissue harvested within the same flap) and type(s)
Time frame: Day of resection surgery until day of reconstruction surgery up to 18 months
Different surgical parameters of tumor and segmental mandibular resection if VSP planning was used
* Use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) for resection: Yes/No. * Only virtual planning and simulation of resection (no 3D printing):Yes/No. * 3D-printed biomodels: Yes/No
Time frame: Day of resection surgery until day of reconstruction surgery up to 18 months
Plan to share: Undecided
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