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CompletedNCT03786276VR-WMRUpdated May 4, 2020

Virtual Reality- Working Memory Retraining

An interventional study of VR-WMR-Only and Exercise-only in Alcohol Use Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, sponsored by University of California, San Francisco. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-05-04.

Sponsored by University of California, San Francisco · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will establish the acceptability and feasibility of enrolling and retaining heavy drinking Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in an 8-week, randomized cross-over design trial of active VR working memory retraining (WMR). This study will also seek to establish the efficacy of active VR-WMR to increase performance in executive function.

Read the detailed description

The investigators will employ a physically active VR working memory retraining (VR-WMR) regimen utilizing components of Blue Goji VR Active Gaming. The synthesis of physical activity and an enriched VR environment is expected to yield superior working memory training stemming from greater neurological activation. This enhanced working memory training task will result in greater motivation to engage and complete a training regimen, thus fostering greater improvements in executive function than traditional working memory training tasks; ultimately resulting in increased self-control over alcohol use and other high-risk behaviors.

02

Conditions studied

  • Alcohol Use Disorder
  • Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Keywords

  • Alcohol Use Disorder
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Working Memory Training
  • Virtual Reality
  • Physical Exercise
03

In context

Brain Injuries

2,113 studies on the registry are indexed under Brain Injuries; 385 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 30 is below the median of 48 across 1,331 interventional studies indexed under Brain Injuries.

Browse Brain Injuries studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, San Francisco is the lead sponsor of 2,132 studies on the registry; 375 are open to participants now.

Of its 262 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 196 (75%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • must report "heavy" drinking by NIH/NIAAA criteria (>7 drinks/week for women; >14 drinks/week for men) for at least one week in the last 90 days
  • must meet moderate to severe criteria for current (past year) alcohol use disorder (AUD) by DSM-5
  • must express a desire to reduce, stop, or maintain cessation of alcohol use
  • must report a history of TBI as defined by American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM), in the chronic, stable phase of recovery (>6 months from injury)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unstable medical or psychiatric disorders judged to be unstable in the clinical judgment of the PI
  • Current or past history of intrinsic cerebral tumors, HIV infection, cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease, type-1 diabetes, any cardiac, hepatic or renal diseases/disorders, surgical implantation of neurostimulators or cardiac pacemakers, medically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases, history of seizure disorder, and/or any physical disability making it impossible to use exercise equipment
  • No female participant will be pregnant or attempting to conceive
  • Concurrent participation in an AUD, cognitive training, or exercise study
  • Must not require acute medical detoxification from alcohol (CIWA-AD > 11) within the past week prior to study entry
  • Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, are otherwise unsuitable for a study of this type will be excluded
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
30 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Exercise-Only

    Exercise-Only condition, 12 exercise sessions on a stationary recumbent bicycle over 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the participants will have a 1-week washout followed by Active VR-WMR arm.

    Behavioral: Exercise-only

  • Experimental
    VR-WMR-Only

    Virtual Reality Working Memory Retraining-Only condition, 12 working memory retraining sessions over 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the participants will have a 1-week washout followed by Active VR-WMR arm.

    Behavioral: VR-WMR-Only

  • Experimental
    Active VR-WMR

    After 4 weeks in one of the first two arms, the participants will have a 1-week washout followed by the Active VR-WMR arm. Participants will complete 12 Active VR-WMR sessions on a stationary recumbent bicycle over 4 weeks.

    Behavioral: Active VR-WMR

Interventions

  • BehavioralVR-WMR-Only

    Participants will spend up to 30 minutes in a VR-WMR environment during each training session.

    Also known as: Virtual Reality-Working Memory Retraining

  • BehavioralExercise-only

    Participants will ride a stationary recumbent bicycle for up to 30 minutes during each training session.

    Also known as: Recumbent bicycle

  • BehavioralActive VR-WMR

    Participants will spend up to 30 minutes in a VR-WMR environment while riding a stationary, recumbent bicycle during each training session.

    Also known as: Active Virtual Reality-Working Memory Retraining

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. System Usability Scale

    A validated measure of technology usability will be administered at end of study to assess the usability of Active VR-WMR.The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a reliable 10 item questionnaire with five response options for respondents; from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree used to measure product usability. The participant's scores for each question are converted to a new number, added together and then multiplied by 2.5 to convert the original scores of 0-40 to 0-100. An SUS score above a 68 would be considered above average and anything below 68 is below average.

    Time frame: 18 months

  2. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire

    A validated measure of client satisfaction with an intervention will be administered at the end of study to evaluate satisfaction with Active VR-WMR. Items are scored on a Likert scale from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction) with different descriptors for each response point. Total scores range from 8 to 32, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. A standard mean rating of ≥ 24 will be considered acceptable.

    Time frame: 18 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Working Memory

    Change in working memory in each arm will be evaluated. Working Memory consists of well validated WAIS-IV Arithmetic and Digit Span Subscales. Working memory will be the average of the scaled scores (ss) of each subscale, with a mean (M) = 10 and a standard deviation (SD) = 3. The subtest ss range from 1 to 19.

    Time frame: 18 months

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Study locations

1 site
  • VA Medical Center San Francisco
    San Francisco, California 94121, United States
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References and documents

Publications

  • Pennington DL, Reavis JV, Cano MT, Walker E, Batki SL. The Impact of Exercise and Virtual Reality Executive Function Training on Cognition Among Heavy Drinking Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022 Mar 22;16:802711. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.802711. eCollection 2022. PubMed 35391785 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 4, 2020, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03786276
Lead sponsor
University of California, San Francisco
Collaborators
San Francisco VA Health Care System
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 26, 2018
Start date
Feb 1, 2019
Primary completion
Mar 31, 2020
Completion
Mar 31, 2020
Last update
May 4, 2020

Study contacts

David L Pennington, Ph.D.
principal investigator · University of California, San Francisco

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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