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CompletedNCT03645356Updated Feb 22, 2023

Comparison Between Clear Aligners and Traditional Fixed Appliances in the Treatment of Four-premolar-extraction Cases

An interventional study of Fixed Appliances and Clear Aligners in Malocclusion, Angle Class I, Malocclusion; Displaced or Missing Teeth and Crowding, sponsored by Damascus University. Completed at 1 site in Syrian Arab Republic. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 25 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-02-22.

Sponsored by Damascus University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 25 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Patients who have severe crowding that require four premolars extraction will be treated in this study. The efficacy of the clear aligners and vestibular fixed appliances will be assessed. The treatment result of these two different methods will be explored using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) in two different times (T0: Before treatment, T1: After treatment) and the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) after treatment (T1).

There are two groups:

First group (Experimental): the patients in this group will be treated using clear aligners.

Second group (Control): the patients in this group will be treated using fixed appliances.

Read the detailed description

For years, orthodontists and dentists have used removable appliances for orthodontic treatment. Today, with the CAD/CAM technology, clear aligners treat a broader range of cases with greater precision. They consist of a series of plastic aligners that are intended to replace conventional wire and bracket technology for many orthodontic cases. Each custom manufactured aligner exerts gentle, continuous forces to move teeth incrementally from their original state to a final, treated state. Each aligner is worn for about two weeks, then replaced by the next in the series until the final position is achieved.

02

Conditions studied

  • Malocclusion, Angle Class I
  • Malocclusion; Displaced or Missing Teeth
  • Crowding
03

In context

Malocclusion, Angle Class I

35 studies on the registry are indexed under Malocclusion, Angle Class I; 10 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 40 is above the median of 32 across 31 interventional studies indexed under Malocclusion, Angle Class I.

Browse Malocclusion, Angle Class I studies →

Lead sponsor

Damascus University is the lead sponsor of 212 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 25 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Class I malocclusion with severe crowding (more than 5 mm of tooth-size-arch-length-discrepancy).
  • Good oral hygiene and periodontal health.
  • No severe skeletal discrepancy.
  • Normal proclination for the upper and lower incisors.
  • No congenitally missing or extracted teeth (except for the third molars).
  • No history of previous trauma to the maxillofacial region or surgical interventions.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Bimaxillary dentoalveolar severe protrusion.
  • Previous orthodontic treatment.
  • Subject with psychological abnormalities.
  • Subject with systemic diseases.
  • Subject has known allergy to latex and plastic
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
40 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    fixed appliances

    patients will be treated using fixed appliances in order to align their teeth after extraction of four premolars

    Device: Fixed Appliances

  • Experimental
    clear aligners

    patients will be treated using clear aligners in order to align their teeth after extraction of four premolars

    Device: Clear Aligners

Interventions

  • DeviceFixed Appliances

    Using an MBT-prescription of metallic brackets, patients will be treated in the conventional way

  • DeviceClear Aligners

    Using a sequence of clear aligners, patients will be give an aligner every two weeks until the completion of treatment

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in the American Board of Orthodontics - Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS)

    Eight domains are evaluated: Alignment: No more than 2 points shall be subtracted for any tooth when it is poorly aligned; Marginal Ridges: The total number of deductions shall be subtracted from 32 to give the score for this domain; Buccolingual inclination: If the mandibular lingual cusps or maxillary buccal cusps are more than 1 mm from the straight edge surface, 1 point shall be subtracted for that tooth; Occlusal Contacts: If a cusp is out of contact with the opposing arch, 1 point is subtracted for that tooth; Occlusal relationships. The total number of deductions are subtracted from 24 to give the score for occlusal relationships; Overjet; Interproximal contacts. If no interproximal spaces exist, then no points are subtracted; and Root angulation: Any deviations in roots' angulations will cause a deduction form the general score. Finally, a case that loses more than 30 points will be considered a failure. A case that loses less than 20 points will be considered acceptable.

    Time frame: T1: one day before the commencement of treatment. T2: one day following the end of treatment (that is expected to happen within 24 months)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School
    Damascus, DM20AM18, Syrian Arab Republic
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Bollen AM, Huang G, King G, Hujoel P, Ma T. Activation time and material stiffness of sequential removable orthodontic appliances. Part 1: Ability to complete treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Nov;124(5):496-501. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(03)00576-6. PubMed 14614415 ↗
  • Drake CT, McGorray SP, Dolce C, Nair M, Wheeler TT. Orthodontic tooth movement with clear aligners. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:657973. doi: 10.5402/2012/657973. Epub 2012 Aug 14. PubMed 22928114 ↗
  • Giancotti A, Di Girolamo R. Treatment of severe maxillary crowding using Invisalign and fixed appliances. J Clin Orthod. 2009 Sep;43(9):583-9; quiz 582. No abstract available. PubMed 19904051 ↗
  • Hennessy J, Al-Awadhi EA. Clear aligners generations and orthodontic tooth movement. J Orthod. 2016 Mar;43(1):68-76. doi: 10.1179/1465313315Y.0000000004. PubMed 25939782 ↗
  • Kravitz ND, Kusnoto B, BeGole E, Obrez A, Agran B. How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Jan;135(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.05.018. PubMed 19121497 ↗
  • Li W, Wang S, Zhang Y. The effectiveness of the Invisalign appliance in extraction cases using the the ABO model grading system: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 May 15;8(5):8276-82. eCollection 2015. PubMed 26221410 ↗
  • Zhang XJ, He L, Guo HM, Tian J, Bai YX, Li S. Integrated three-dimensional digital assessment of accuracy of anterior tooth movement using clear aligners. Korean J Orthod. 2015 Nov;45(6):275-81. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.275. Epub 2015 Nov 20. PubMed 26629473 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Aug 2018 to primary completion in Dec 2021, 39 months.

Of 23 interventional studies with no phase under Malocclusion, Angle Class I, half reached primary completion within 21 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 15 and three quarters within 24. This study's 39 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 22, 2018
First posted
Aug 24, 2018
StartActual
Aug 19, 2018
Primary completionActual
Dec 10, 2021
CompletionActual
Jul 20, 2022
Last update
Feb 22, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 22, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03645356
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 24, 2018
Start date
Aug 19, 2018
Primary completion
Dec 10, 2021
Completion
Jul 20, 2022
Last update
Feb 22, 2023

Study contacts

Samer T Jaber, DDS MSc
principal investigator · PhD Student in Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus
Mohammad Y Hajeer, DDS MSc PhD
study chair · Associate Professor of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School, Damascus, Syria

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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