ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03470077Updated Sep 2, 2021

Effect of Intravenous Nalbuphine on Emergence Agitation

A Phase 2 interventional study of IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg with induction of anesthesia. and IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg at the end of surgery. in Postoperative Complications, sponsored by Assiut University. Completed at 1 site in Egypt. Open to participants aged 3 Years to 8 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-09-02.

Sponsored by Assiut University · Phase 2, Interventional, and Prevention

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Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
80
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
3 Years to 8 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 10 studies in Postoperative Complications by Assiut University — 5 open to participants now, 5 under way, none of them phase 3. Postoperative Complications · Assiut University.

Started
2019
the only one that year
Phase 2
Only one
of the 10
Registered
3rd of 10
by date

Among the 10 studies in Postoperative Complications by Assiut University, this one is the only one that started in 2019, is the only one in phase 2, and was the 3rd registered.

Postoperative Complications

1,335 studies on the registry are indexed under Postoperative Complications; 310 are open to participants now.

Browse Postoperative Complications studies →

Open to participants now

5 of the 10 studies in Postoperative Complications by Assiut University are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 5 open studies →

Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 201 Postoperative Complications studies recruiting now, 125 (62%) set no upper age limit and 32 (16%) stop at 75 or younger; 25 take children under 18; 25 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 3 Years to 8 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

Our primary objective of this study is to compare the effect of administration of single dose of intravenous nalbuphine given with induction of anesthesia with intravenous nalbuphine given at the end of surgery on the incidence and severity of EA in children undergoing repair of rupture globe under general anesthesia.

The secondary outcomes will include FLACC score for postoperative pain assessment, hemodynamic variables, any complications as postoperative vomiting (POV) and sedation and parents' satisfaction score.

Read the detailed description

Postoperative agitation, also referred to as emergence delirium is characterized by mental confusion, irritability, disorientation, inconsolable crying, and increased recovery time in the post anesthesia recovery room, increasing parents' concern and anxiety with respect to the clinical condition of their children . It can also lead to possible injury, damage to surgical dressings, lost intravenous catheters, disconnected cables and monitoring instruments, and source of dissatisfaction for parents, nurses, and others taking care of these children, and hence the children require extra nursing care and supplemental sedative and/or analgesic medications, which may delay patient discharge from hospital and are seven times more likely to have new-onset separation anxiety, apathy, and eating and sleep problems.

It is during the first 30 minutes after emergence that the greatest incidence of agitation is observed, and duration is generally limited and recovery occurs spontaneously. However, prolonged episodes of agitation lasting for up to 2 days have been described.

There is no definitive explanation for emergence agitation (EA). Many different causes have been suggested, such as rapid return of consciousness in an unfamiliar environment, the presence of pain (wounds, sore throat, and bladder distension), stressful induction, airway obstruction, a noisy environment, the duration of anesthesia, the child's personality, anesthetic premedication and the anesthetic technique used.

While its pathogenesis remains unclear, previous studies reported that ENT (ear, nose, and throat) surgical procedures have a higher incidence of EA in both adults and children . Children undergoing strabismus surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia often experience EA and postoperative vomiting (POV) .

Multiple medications including ketamine, propofol, clonidine, midazolam and fentanyl have been used effectively to prevent EA. However, these medications may increase sedation after anesthesia, cause slow awakening, and in some cases are associated with undesirable side effects, such as nausea and vomiting.

Nalbuphine is a synthetic opioid κ-receptor agonist μ-receptor antagonist with onset of action occurring within 2-3 min following IV injection, duration of analgesia of 3-6 hours and plasma half-life of 5 hours. Its analgesic potency approximately equals to morphine with less effects on cardiovascular and respiratory system, i.e., nalbuphine causes less intensive and less frequent decrease in blood pressure and respiratory depression.

03

Conditions studied

  • Postoperative Complications
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
3 Years to 8 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age: 3-8 years.
  • (ASA) physical status I-II scheduled to undergo repair of rupture globe.
  • Gender: both.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Parent refusal.
  • History of developmental delay or mental retardation.
  • Known to any drug used in this study.
  • Children with co-morbid conditions like congenital heart disease, respiratory pathology and central nervous system disorders.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

ASA physical status

The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
80 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Group A

    40 randomly allocated Patients undergoing repair of rupture globe will receive IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg with induction of anesthesia.

    Drug: IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg with induction of anesthesia.

  • Experimental
    Group B

    40 randomly allocated Patients undergoing repair of rupture globe.will receive IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg at the end of surgery just before discontinuation of anesthesia.

    Drug: IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg at the end of surgery.

Interventions

  • DrugIV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg with induction of anesthesia.

    Drug page: Nalbuphine

    Group A: 40 patients will receive IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg with induction of anesthesia. .

    Also known as: nalufin

  • DrugIV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg at the end of surgery.

    Drug page: Nalbuphine

    Group B: 40 patients will receive IV nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg at the end of surgery just before discontinuation of anesthesia.

    Also known as: nalufin

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The incidence of Emergence Agitation in children undergoing repair of rupture globe under general anesthesia

    the Incidence of Emergence Agitation will be evaluated using Aono's four-point scale. * minimum score: 1 * maximum score:4 Scores of one and two were considered as absence of EA, and scores of 3 and 4 were analyzed as presence of Emergence Agitation. 1. Calm 2. Not calm, but could be easily calmed 3. Moderately agitated or restless 4. Combative, excited, disoriente

    Time frame: at the first 30 minutes after surgery

Secondary outcomes

  1. The severity of Emergency Agitation

    5- The severity of EA will be evaluated using the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale A perfectly calm child scores 0 and extreme agitation corresponds to 20 points Agitation scores less than 10 will be interpreted as an absence of agitation, scores ≥ 10 will be regarded as presence of agitation, and scores ≥15 will be regarded as severe agitation

    Time frame: at the first 30 minutes after surgery

  2. postoperative vomiting

    Postoperative vomiting will be assessed using a numeric rank score * minimum score: 0 * maximum score: 2 higher values represent a worse outcome and lowest values represent a better outcome 0 = no vomiting, 1 = vomited once, and 2 = vomited twice or more.

    Time frame: first 48 hours after surgery

  3. Postoperative sedation

    Postoperative sedation will be assessed using sedation score described by Culebras et al (2001) * minimum score: 1 * maximum score: 5 higher values represent a worse outcome and lowest values represent a better outcome 1. Awake and alert. 2. Sleeping but easily arouses to voice or light touch. 3. Arouses to loud voice or shaking. 4. Arouses with painful stimuli only. 5. Unarousable).

    Time frame: first 48 hours after surgery

  4. Postoperative FLACC Pain Score

    Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain score

    Time frame: first 24 hours after surgery

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Assiut University Hospital
    Assiut, 71515, Egypt
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Vlajkovic GP, Sindjelic RP. Emergence delirium in children: many questions, few answers. Anesth Analg. 2007 Jan;104(1):84-91. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000250914.91881.a8. PubMed 17179249 ↗
  • Aono J, Ueda W, Mamiya K, Takimoto E, Manabe M. Greater incidence of delirium during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in preschool boys. Anesthesiology. 1997 Dec;87(6):1298-300. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00006. PubMed 9416712 ↗
  • Sikich N, Lerman J. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology. 2004 May;100(5):1138-45. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200405000-00015. PubMed 15114210 ↗
  • Taddio A, Nulman I, Koren BS, Stevens B, Koren G. A revised measure of acute pain in infants. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1995 Aug;10(6):456-63. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(95)00058-7. PubMed 7561228 ↗
  • Chen JY, Jia JE, Liu TJ, Qin MJ, Li WX. Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and placebo on emergence agitation after strabismus surgery in children. Can J Anaesth. 2013 Apr;60(4):385-92. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-9886-x. Epub 2013 Jan 24. PubMed 23344921 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jul 2019 to primary completion in Sep 2020, 13 months.

Of 13 phase 2 interventional studies under Postoperative Complications, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 48. This study's 13 months is below that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 5, 2018
First posted
Mar 19, 2018
StartActual
Jul 31, 2019
Primary completionActual
Sep 30, 2020
CompletionActual
Dec 1, 2020
Last update
Sep 2, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 2, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03470077
Lead sponsor
Assiut University
Responsible party
Mohamed abdelhameed (M.M.B.CH& Resident Doctor, Assiut University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 19, 2018
Start date
Jul 31, 2019
Primary completion
Sep 30, 2020
Completion
Dec 1, 2020
Last update
Sep 2, 2021

Study contacts

Hamdy Abbas, Professor
study director · Assiut University

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Nalbuphine

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