ClinicalTrials.gg
TerminatedNCT03403621Updated Nov 22, 2023Results posted

Hypertrophic Scar Prevention by Novel Topical Gel Application

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of Pentamidine Isethionate and Placebo in Hypertrophic Scar, sponsored by Mayo Clinic. Terminated at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-22.

Sponsored by Mayo Clinic · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Prevention

Why this study was terminated
Funding changes.

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Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
6
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 38 studies in Cicatrix, Hypertrophic with a site in United States — 7 open to participants now, 8 under way, 2 of them phase 3. Cicatrix, Hypertrophic · United States.

Enrollment
30th of 35
6 · median 22
Started
2018
with 2 others
Phase 1/2
2 of 38
none open now
Registered
17th of 38
by date

Among the 38 studies in Cicatrix, Hypertrophic with a site in United States, this one is the 30th largest by enrollment of the 35 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 3 that started in 2018, is one of 2 in phase 1/2, and was the 17th registered.

Cicatrix, Hypertrophic

129 studies on the registry are indexed under Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; 31 are open to participants now.

Browse Cicatrix, Hypertrophic studies →

Open to participants now

7 of the 38 studies in Cicatrix, Hypertrophic with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

2 more — sign in →

All 7 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 19 Cicatrix, Hypertrophic studies recruiting now, 8 (42%) set no upper age limit and 10 (53%) stop at 75 or younger; 1 takes children under 18; 5 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Researchers are trying to find out more about the side effects of topical (applied to the skin) Pentamidine, to determine if it is safe for use in people. They also want to find out if topical use of Pentamidine can help treat hypertrophic scars.

Pentamidine is a medicine that is currently used to treat certain kinds of infection. It is most often given by intravenous (into a vein) or inhalation (through a breathing device). This medication is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in these forms.

Everyone in this study will receive topical Pentamidine (TP) in a silicone based gel (PCCA Pracasil Plus). Topical treatment of Pentamidine is still experimental and has not been formally tested for safety or effectiveness in a randomized control trial within the United States. The FDA has allowed the use of topical Pentamidine in this research study.

Read the detailed description

This study will investigate Pentamidine isethionate, compounded in a silicone-containing base, as adjuvant therapy to surgical scar excision to prevent adverse scarring and enhance skin rejuvenation.

03

Conditions studied

  • Hypertrophic Scar
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosis of hypertrophic scar by a Mayo Clinic plastic surgeon or dermatologist.
  • Target disease or condition: Hypertrophic scar
  • Subject with a hypertrophic scar that meet all of the following criteria:

    • Linear scar ≥5 to ≤40 cm in length
    • Present for minimum 6 months
    • Located anywhere in the body except on the face or front of neck
    • Resulting from surgical or traumatic injury, or other scar considered appropriate for surgical excision
  • Ability to safely undergo scar excision surgery
  • Capacity to provide
  • Ability to comply with protocol
  • Subject is judged, by the clinical investigator, to be healthy as evidenced by lack of abnormal findings on medical history, physical examination, , vital signs, and clinical laboratory tests.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects identified as having a keloid or a scar not appropriate for surgical excision
  • Subjects who are positive for surface antigen (HbsAg), antibody and as determined in screening the subject's electronic medical record.
  • Concurrent use of (including inhaled steroids), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and/or drugs that are strong inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes
  • Are immuno-compromised (HIV infected, cancer and other disease affecting the basal immune response)
  • cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, immunological, gastrointestinal, hematological, or metabolic disease that is, in the opinion of the investigator, not stabilized or may otherwise impact the results of the study.
  • Subjects with renal and hepatic impairment.
  • Known allergy or to the study drug(s) or one of the ingredients of the formulation.
  • Any infection or wound in the area to treat including photosensitive dermatosis or inflammatory acne.
  • Existence of any surgical, medical or laboratory condition that, in the judgment of the clinical investigator, might interfere with the safety, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the drug
  • Participation in another clinical study in the past 30 days or concurrent participation in another clinical trial.
  • Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus ( ≥ 8%), peripheral neuropathy, or known concomitant vascular problems.
  • Pregnant or lactating female patients.
  • Prisoners.
  • Subjects who smoke cigarettes and/or use other tobacco products.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(9)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

ECG (electrocardiogram)

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, taken with stickers on the chest, arms and legs. It takes a few minutes and does not hurt.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

HbA1c

A blood test of average blood sugar over the past two to three months, given as a percentage or in mmol/mol. 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or more is the usual threshold for diabetes, normally confirmed by a second test.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator)
Enrollment
6 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Topical Pentamidine Isethionate

    Subjects were randomly assigned to apply topical pentamidine isethionate to either the proximal or distal end of their incision every 48 hours for 4 weeks following surgical scar excision (14-16 treatments).

    Drug: Pentamidine Isethionate

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo Control

    Subjects were randomly assigned to apply topical placebo to either the proximal or distal end of their incision every 48 hours for 4 weeks following surgical scar excision (14-16 treatments). The subject served as their own control.

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • Approximately 1.8 mL single dose delivered as topical formulation containing 2% topical pentamidine in silicone-containing base.

    Also known as: Pentamidine 2% cream

  • DrugPlacebo

    No active ingredient. Approximately 1.8 mL single dose delivered as topical silicone compounding base only.

    Also known as: PCCA Pracasil™-Plus (PP)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Serious Adverse Events

    Number of participants to experience serious adverse events as defined as death \[due to treatment\] or life threatening adverse experience \[due to treatment\], hospitalization \[due to treatment\], persistent or significant disability or incapacity \[due to treatment\], birth defect/anomalies \[due to treatment\] and tissue necrosis \[due to treatment\].

    Time frame: 4 weeks post-operatively

Secondary outcomes

  1. Adverse Events

    Number of participants to experience adverse events as defined as skin infection, skin irritation and wound dehiscence. Skin irritation is scored by local skin reaction (LSR) grading scale. Wound infection is defined by skin that is red, swollen, hot and painful ("calor, dolor, rubor, tumor") \[by clinical exam\] with or without discharge. Wound dehiscence is defined as a measurable breaking open of the surgical incision along the suture.

    Time frame: 4 weeks post-operatively

  2. Change in Scar Volume

    Ultrasound will be used to quantify hypertrophic scar dimensions (length, width and height) and volume size using cm\^3 as the unit of measure.

    Time frame: Baseline (pre-operatively) and at postop week 2 and 4.

  3. Change in Scar Fibrosis

    Semi-quantitative assessment of scar fibrosis on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.

  4. Change in Scar Sclerosis

    Semi-quantitative assessment of scar sclerosis on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.

  5. Change in Scar Angioplasia

    Semi-quantitative assessment of scar angioplasia on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.

  6. Change in Scar Relative Depth

    Semi-quantitative assessment of scar relative depth on skin punch biopsy using a scale of Epidermis(1) - Mid-Reticular Dermis (2) - Deep Dermis(3) - Fat(4)

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively

  7. Change in Scar Absolute Depth

    Measurement of scar absolute depth on skin punch biopsy reporting in millimeters (mm)

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively

  8. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)

    The VSS assesses 4 variables: vascularity, height/thickness, pliability, and pigmentation. Scale ranges are as follows. Pigmentation (0=normal, 1=hypopigmentation, 2=hyperpigmentation). Height (0=flat, 1=less than 2 mm, 2=2 to 5 mm, 3=greater than 5 mm). Vascularity (0=normal, 1=pink, 2=red, 3=purple). Pliability (0=normal, 1=supple, 2=yielding, 3=firm, 4=banding,5=contracture). Total score can range from 0 to 13, with 0=normal skin, and 13=severe scarring.

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and at weeks 2 and 4.

  9. Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS)

    The patient scar scale assesses pain, itching, color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity. The scale rates each variable on a scale from 1 (normal skin) to 10 (worst scar imaginable), with a total possible score ranging from 1 (normal) to 120 (worst scar imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively) and at weeks 2 and 4.

  10. Observer Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS)

    The observer scar assessment scale assesses vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, and surface area. The scale rates each variable on a scale from 1 (normal skin) to 10 (worst scar imaginable), with a total possible score ranging from 1 (normal) to 120 (worst scar imaginable).

    Time frame: Baseline (preoperatively), 2 weeks, and 4 weeks

07

Results

Posted Nov 22, 2023
Limitations and caveats
Terminated study due to funding changes.

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Started66
Completed44
Not completed22
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject22

Outcome measures

PrimarySerious Adverse Events

Number of participants to experience serious adverse events as defined as death \[due to treatment\] or life threatening adverse experience \[due to treatment\], hospitalization \[due to treatment\], persistent or significant disability or incapacity \[due to treatment\], birth defect/anomalies \[due to treatment\] and tissue necrosis \[due to treatment\].

Time frame:
4 weeks post-operatively
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Serious Adverse Events
ParticipantsTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Serious Adverse Events00
SecondaryAdverse Events

Number of participants to experience adverse events as defined as skin infection, skin irritation and wound dehiscence. Skin irritation is scored by local skin reaction (LSR) grading scale. Wound infection is defined by skin that is red, swollen, hot and painful ("calor, dolor, rubor, tumor") \[by clinical exam\] with or without discharge. Wound dehiscence is defined as a measurable breaking open of the surgical incision along the suture.

Time frame:
4 weeks post-operatively
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Adverse Events
ParticipantsTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Adverse Events45
SecondaryChange in Scar Volume

Ultrasound will be used to quantify hypertrophic scar dimensions (length, width and height) and volume size using cm\^3 as the unit of measure.

Time frame:
Baseline (pre-operatively) and at postop week 2 and 4.
Reported as:
Mean · cm^3
Change in Scar Volume
cm^3Topical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Baseline, 2 weeks post-operative-0.72 ± 0.50-0.68 ± 0.52
Baseline, 4 weeks post-operative-0.65 ± 0.77-0.76 ± 0.52
SecondaryChange in Scar Fibrosis

Semi-quantitative assessment of scar fibrosis on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Change in Scar Fibrosis
units on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Change in Scar Fibrosis1 (1 to 2)2 (1 to 2)
SecondaryChange in Scar Sclerosis

Semi-quantitative assessment of scar sclerosis on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Change in Scar Sclerosis
units on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Change in Scar Sclerosis0 (0 to 2)0 (0 to 0)
SecondaryChange in Scar Angioplasia

Semi-quantitative assessment of scar angioplasia on skin punch biopsy using a scale of none(1) - mild(2) - moderate(3) - severe(4)

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively.
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Change in Scar Angioplasia
units on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Change in Scar Angioplasia0 (-1 to 1)0 (-1 to 1)
SecondaryChange in Scar Relative Depth

Semi-quantitative assessment of scar relative depth on skin punch biopsy using a scale of Epidermis(1) - Mid-Reticular Dermis (2) - Deep Dermis(3) - Fat(4)

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively
Reported as:
Median · units on a scale
Change in Scar Relative Depth
units on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Change in Scar Relative Depth0 (-1 to 1)0 (-1 to 2)
SecondaryChange in Scar Absolute Depth

Measurement of scar absolute depth on skin punch biopsy reporting in millimeters (mm)

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and 4 weeks post-operatively
Reported as:
Mean · millimeters
Change in Scar Absolute Depth
millimetersTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Change in Scar Absolute Depth-0.17 ± 2.261.34 ± 2.09
SecondaryVancouver Scar Scale (VSS)

The VSS assesses 4 variables: vascularity, height/thickness, pliability, and pigmentation. Scale ranges are as follows. Pigmentation (0=normal, 1=hypopigmentation, 2=hyperpigmentation). Height (0=flat, 1=less than 2 mm, 2=2 to 5 mm, 3=greater than 5 mm). Vascularity (0=normal, 1=pink, 2=red, 3=purple). Pliability (0=normal, 1=supple, 2=yielding, 3=firm, 4=banding,5=contracture). Total score can range from 0 to 13, with 0=normal skin, and 13=severe scarring.

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and at weeks 2 and 4.
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS)
score on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Baseline5.5 ± 3.74.8 ± 3.6
2 weeks4.0 ± 2.23.5 ± 3.2
4 weeks4.8 ± 2.35.8 ± 2.2
Statistical analysis
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.42
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.72
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.51
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.58
SecondaryPatient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS)

The patient scar scale assesses pain, itching, color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity. The scale rates each variable on a scale from 1 (normal skin) to 10 (worst scar imaginable), with a total possible score ranging from 1 (normal) to 120 (worst scar imaginable).

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively) and at weeks 2 and 4.
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS)
score on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Baseline39 ± 8.343.2 ± 9.1
2 weeks27.7 ± 6.628.7 ± 8.9
4 weeks25.5 ± 14.827.0 ± 11.9
Statistical analysis
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.03
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.08
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.02
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.007
SecondaryObserver Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS)

The observer scar assessment scale assesses vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, and surface area. The scale rates each variable on a scale from 1 (normal skin) to 10 (worst scar imaginable), with a total possible score ranging from 1 (normal) to 120 (worst scar imaginable).

Time frame:
Baseline (preoperatively), 2 weeks, and 4 weeks
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Observer Scar Assessment Scale (OSAS)
score on a scaleTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Baseline32.3 ± 12.831.2 ± 13.7
2 weeks23.5 ± 10.123.3 ± 13.0
4 weeks23.2 ± 8.626.3 ± 9.9
Statistical analysis
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.21
  • Topical Pentamidine Isethionate · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.18
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.33
  • Placebo Control · t-test, 2 sided · p = 0.5

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse events were collected from baseline to end of study participation for a total of approximately 3 months on all participants.. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Topical Pentamidine Isethionate0/6 (0%)0/6 (0%)4/6 (66.7%)
Placebo Control0/6 (0%)0/6 (0%)5/6 (83.3%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventTopical Pentamidine IsethionatePlacebo Control
Skin ItchingSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders2/64/6
Skin flakingSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders2/62/6
PustulesSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders1/62/6
DermatitisSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders1/61/6
Localized painGeneral disorders0/61/6
BruisingGeneral disorders1/60/6
Wound dehiscenceSurgical and medical procedures1/60/6

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)All Study Participants
Mean35 ± 15.94
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)All Study Participants
Female5
Male1
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)All Study Participants
Hispanic or Latino0
Not Hispanic or Latino6
Unknown or Not Reported0
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)All Study Participants
American Indian or Alaska Native0
Asian0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander0
Black or African American0
White6
More than one race0
Unknown or Not Reported0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)All Study Participants
United States6
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Mayo Clinic
    Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Mar 2018 to primary completion in Feb 2020, 23 months.

Results were first posted in Nov 2023, 3 years 8 months after primary completion.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 14, 2017
First posted
Jan 18, 2018
StartActual
Mar 5, 2018
Primary completionActual
Feb 26, 2020
CompletionActual
Feb 26, 2020
Results first posted
Nov 22, 2023
Last update
Nov 22, 2023
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 22, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03403621
Lead sponsor
Mayo Clinic
Responsible party
Alexander Meves (Principal Investigator, Mayo Clinic) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 18, 2018
Start date
Mar 5, 2018
Primary completion
Feb 26, 2020
Completion
Feb 26, 2020
Results posted
Nov 22, 2023
Last update
Nov 22, 2023

Study contacts

Alexander Meves, MD
principal investigator · Mayo Clinic

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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Studies of the drug tested here: Pentamidine

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