ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03250156TTTUpdated Sep 18, 2018

Investigating Train the Trainer Delivery of Mindfulness-based Training

An interventional study of MBAT with proctored practice and MBAT with non-proctored practice in Resilience and Stress, sponsored by University of Miami. Completed at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-09-18.

Sponsored by University of Miami · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
128
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 654 studies in Psychological Well-Being with a site in United States — 188 open to participants now, 239 under way, 1 of them phase 3. Psychological Well-Being · United States.

Enrollment
262nd of 572
128 · median 116
Started
2017
with 16 others
No phase
514 of 654
152 open now
Registered
153rd of 654
by date

Among the 654 studies in Psychological Well-Being with a site in United States, this one is the 262nd largest by enrollment of the 572 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 17 that started in 2017, is one of 514 with no phase, and was the 153rd registered.

Psychological Well-Being

2,195 studies on the registry are indexed under Psychological Well-Being; 728 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

188 of the 654 studies in Psychological Well-Being with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

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Who these studies take

Of the 401 Psychological Well-Being studies recruiting now, 218 (54%) set no upper age limit and 157 (39%) stop at 75 or younger; 120 take children under 18; 204 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 65 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training (MT) on cognitive and psychological factors when incorporated to the duty-day schedule of servicemembers (via proctored mindfulness practice). Based on prior literature, it can be hypothesized that the benefits of MT on measures of attention, working memory, and psychological well-being will be greater for servicemembers who engage in proctored mindfulness practice and receive duty-day support compared to servicemembers who practice independently, on their own time, with no structured duty day support.

Read the detailed description

Background: Prior research on mindfulness training (MT) in military servicemembers showed that MT can effectively protect against degradation in attention and working memory over high-demand intervals. The benefits of MT in servicemembers were also linked to greater engagement in mindfulness practice. These prior MT programs delivered their training via a direct delivery approach, which involved a mindfulness training expert (TE) providing training to an end-user (e.g., military servicemembers). While successful, these programs are poorly suited for rapid, large-scale dissemination because these programs require direct training from a mindfulness training expert to an end-user and a considerable amount of time dedicated to training. To overcome these issues, the principal investigator together with a mindfulness expert developed a mindfulness training program contextualized for the U.S. Army, known as MBAT (Mindfulness-Based Attention Training), that is amenable to the train-the-train delivery approach and can provide rapid, large-scale dissemination to thousands of individuals. Specifically, Master Resilience Trainer - Performance Expert specialists (PEs), who have extensive experience working with soldiers but no mindfulness experience, were trained to deliver the MBAT course.

Problem: While training PEs to deliver MBAT complies with the U.S. Army time constraints, it remains unclear what is the best way to incorporate daily mindfulness practice into the duty schedule of servicemembers, which has a pivotal contribution to the protection against decline over high-demand intervals.

Project Goal: The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of proctored vs. non-proctored practice of MBAT delivered by a PE to servicemembers. To investigate this issue, a trained PE will deliver MBAT to two groups of soldiers who will differ in the amount of duty-day support received to complete out-of-class mindfulness exercises. One group will be assigned proctored practice incorporated in the daily physical training (PT) and another group will be assigned non-proctored practice during which participants will perform the exercise independently, on their own.

03

Conditions studied

  • Resilience
  • Stress

Keywords

  • Mindfulness
  • Attention
  • Working Memory
  • Psychological Well-Being
  • Proctored Practice
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • English-speaking
  • Active duty military
  • Able to understand and provide signed

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-controlled severe medical disease that might interfere with the performance of the study.
  • Any other condition the investigator might deem problematic for the inclusion of the volunteer in a trial of this nature will also be considered.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
128 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    MBAT with proctored practice

    Participants will engage in Mindfulness Based Attention Training (MBAT) in 4, 2-hour training classes with 1 class per week. Participants in the proctored practice group will complete assigned, out of class mindfulness exercises during the duty day - for example, as part of their daily physical training (e.g., mindful cooldown, final 15 minutes of PT is spent engaging in a mindfulness exercise using a guided recording).

    Behavioral: MBAT with proctored practice

  • Active comparator
    MBAT with non-proctored practice

    Participants will engage in Mindfulness Based Attention Training (MBAT) in 4, 2-hour training classes with 1 class per week. Participants in the non-proctored practice group will complete assigned, out of class mindfulness exercises on their own time with no structured duty day support.

    Behavioral: MBAT with non-proctored practice

  • No intervention
    No Training Control

    This group will receive no intervention.

Interventions

  • BehavioralMBAT with proctored practice

    The training program is known as Mindfulness-Based Attention Training, or MBAT. The MBAT program is based on the principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, but contextualized for military personnel using themes relevant to military life. The training content is comprised four central themes: concentration, body awareness, open monitoring, and compassion. Participants will have proctored practice and complete the assigned, out-of-class mindfulness exercises during the duty day as party of their physical training.

  • BehavioralMBAT with non-proctored practice

    The training program is known as Mindfulness-Based Attention Training, or MBAT. The MBAT program is based on the principles of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, but contextualized for military personnel using themes relevant to military life. The training content is comprised four central themes: concentration, body awareness, open monitoring, and compassion.Participants will not have proctored practice and will complete the assigned, out-of-class mindfulness exercises on their own.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART)

    The SART is used to assess attentional performance and self-reported mind wandering (i.e., off-task thinking which is typically self-generated and compromises the performance of the task at hand). The task uses a continuous performance paradigm involving button presses to frequently presented non-targets (numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) but requires the participants to withhold their response to the infrequent target (number 3). Withholding responses only to infrequent targets encourages a pre-potent response and mind wandering. Real-time subjective experience of mind wandering during SART is assessed through experience-sampling probes randomly presented throughout the task.

    Time frame: Participants will complete the SART at three time points: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  2. Change in Working Memory Task with Affective Distraction (WMDA)

    The WMDA is used to assess the ability to hold information in working memory while overcoming emotional reactivity and distraction. Specifically, participants are presented with a memory item that they need to memorize and hold in memory during a delay interval. During the delay, emotionally negative or neutral scene images are presented. The negative images are combat scenes from Iraq or Afghanistan (Morey et al., 2009) and the neutral images are non-combat scenes.

    Time frame: Participants will complete the WMDA at three time points: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)

    PANAS assesses positive and negative affect. It consists of a list of descriptors of positive (e.g., 'interested', 'enthusiastic') and negative (e.g., 'irritable', 'upset') affects. Items are rated on a 5-point scale (1 = very slightly or not at all, 5 = extremely), according to how participants feel. The Positive Affect scale reflects the extent to which a person feels enthusiastic, active, and alert; the Negative Affect scale reflects unpleasant mood states, such as anger, disgust, and fear.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  2. Change in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

    PSS assesses the degree to which situations in one's life are viewed as stressful within the past month. Individual items assess feelings of stress, nervousness, irritation at life's hassles, and perceptions of one's own coping and control over a situation.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

Other outcomes

  1. Change in Connor-Davidson Resilience Score (CD-RISC)

    CD-RISC assesses an individual's tendency to cope with change and pressure in a productive way.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  2. Change in Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (5FMQ)

    5FMQ assesses five major measures of mindfulness, including non-judgment of experience, non-reactivity to inner experience, observing emotions, acting with awareness, and describing feelings in words.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  3. Change in Combat Experiences Scale (CES)

    CES assesses combat experiences in the military context.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  4. Change in PTSD Checklist_Military (PCLM)

    PCLM assesses the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in military personnel

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  5. Change in The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

    A self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances in seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual PSQI assesses sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  6. Change in Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)

    The empathic concern subscale of the IRI is a 7-item measure used to gauge feelings of empathy towards others.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  7. Change in Self-Compassion Scale (SCQ)

    A 26-item measure used to measure aspects of self-compassion.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  8. Change in Obsessive Compulsion Index (OCI-R)

    An 18-item scale used to assess symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  9. Change in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

    This 20-item scale measures the major components of depressive symptomatology in the general population (i.e., nonpsychiatric persons older than 18).

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

  10. Change in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C)

    An alcohol screen that identifies people who are hazardous drinkers or have active alcohol use disorders.

    Time frame: Pre-intervention baseline (T1), post-intervention up to 2 weeks after the end of the 4-week training (T2), and follow-up up to two months after the end of the training (T3).

07

Study locations

2 sites
  • University of Miami
    Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
  • Ft. Drum
    Fort Drum, New York 13602, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Jha, AP, Morrison, AB, Parker, SC, & Stanley, EA. Practice is protective: Mindfulness training promotes cognitive resilience in high-stress cohorts. Mindfulness. 2016; 7(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0465-9.
  • Jha AP, Morrison AB, Dainer-Best J, Parker S, Rostrup N, Stanley EA. Minds "at attention": mindfulness training curbs attentional lapses in military cohorts. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 11;10(2):e0116889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116889. eCollection 2015. PubMed 25671579 ↗
  • Jha AP, Stanley EA, Kiyonaga A, Wong L, Gelfand L. Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience. Emotion. 2010 Feb;10(1):54-64. doi: 10.1037/a0018438. PubMed 20141302 ↗
  • Jha AP, Witkin JE, Morrison AB, Rostrup N, Stanley E. Short-Form Mindfulness Training Protects Against Working Memory Degradation over High-Demand Intervals. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement 2017 1(2): 154-171. doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0035-2.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jul 2017 to primary completion in Oct 2017, 2 months.

Of 1,261 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Psychological Well-Being, half reached primary completion within 17 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 34. This study's 2 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,304 studies reached it within 16 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 34.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 25, 2017
First posted
Aug 15, 2017
StartActual
Jul 25, 2017
Primary completionActual
Oct 5, 2017
CompletionActual
Oct 5, 2017
Last update
Sep 18, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 18, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03250156
Collaborators
Fort Drum, United States Department of Defense
Responsible party
Amishi Jha (Associate Professor, University of Miami) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 15, 2017
Start date
Jul 25, 2017
Primary completion
Oct 5, 2017
Completion
Oct 5, 2017
Last update
Sep 18, 2018

Study contacts

Amishi P Jha, Ph.D
principal investigator · University of Miami

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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