CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03065647EROCAUpdated Jun 3, 2021Results posted

ECPR for Refractory Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

An interventional study of Expedited Transport With Mechanical CPR in Cardiac Arrest, Heart Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Arrest, sponsored by University of Michigan. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-06-03.

Sponsored by University of Michigan · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
15
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

In the U.S. alone, over 300,000 people per year have sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and less than 1 out of 10 survive. The current standard practice for treating OHCA is to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) at the scene until either the heart is restarted or resuscitation efforts are considered hopeless and discontinued. An alternative strategy for those with refractory OHCA is expedited transport with ongoing mechanical CPR to an Emergency Department capable of performing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The purpose of study is to test if this strategy is feasible and beneficial.

Read the detailed description

Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a life-threatening condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating and there is no blood flow to the body. If cardiac arrest is not treated immediately, it causes sudden death. In the U.S. alone, over 300,000 people per year have OHCA, and less than 1 out of 10 survive. Therefore, it is important to study new ways of treating cardiac arrest patients in order to improve survival.

The current standard practice for treating OHCA is to perform CPR and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) at the scene until either the heart is restarted or resuscitation efforts are considered hopeless and discontinued. This practice is supported by the fact that all currently proven CPR therapies can be delivered by paramedics in the field.

However, promising new strategies have emerged that are more feasible to initiate in the hospital. One such strategy is extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). ECPR requires placement of catheters in large blood vessels and connected to a machine to take over the work of the heart and lungs.

This purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and potential benefit of expedited transport with ongoing mechanical CPR for patients with refractory OHCA patients to an Emergency Department capable of initiating ECPR.

FDA approved this study as a staged feasibility study to enroll 15 participants and submit data prior to enrolling the second 15 participants. After enrolling 15 participants, the PI chose not to pursue an amendment to enroll additional participants due to slow accrual and research restrictions related to COVID.

02

Conditions studied

  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Heart Arrest
  • Sudden Cardiac Arrest
  • Cardiopulmonary Arrest
  • Death, Sudden, Cardiac
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • CPR
  • Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Keywords

  • Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Heart Arrest
  • Sudden Cardiac Arrest
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  • CPR
  • ECPR
  • ECMO
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • EMS
  • OHCA
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • OHCA of presumed non-traumatic etiology requiring CPR
  • Predicted arrival time at ECPR-capable hospital within timeframe specified
  • Witnessed arrest or initial shockable rhythm (VT or VF)
  • Persistent cardiac arrest after initial cardiac rhythm analysis and shock (if shock is indicated)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
  • Advanced directive indicating do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) or do not intubate (DNI)
  • Preexisting evidence of opting out of study
  • Prisoner
  • Pregnant (obvious or known)
  • ECPR capable ED is not at the destination hospital as determined by EMS
  • Legally authorized representative (LAR) or family member aware of study and refuses study participation at the scene
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
15 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Standard Care

    Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) per existing EMS protocols at the scene of the cardiac arrest.

  • Experimental
    Expedited Transport

    Intervention: Expedited Transport with Mechanical CPR. After initial Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) per existing EMS protocols, patients with refractory cardiac arrest are transported to an ECPR capable emergency department with ongoing mechanical CPR and ACLS for possible initiation of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).

    Device: Expedited Transport With Mechanical CPR

Interventions

  • DeviceExpedited Transport With Mechanical CPR

    Patients with OHCA refractory to initial BLS and ACLS will be transported by EMS with ongoing mechanical CPR and ACLS to an emergency department capable of initiating ECPR.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Emergency Department Arrivals Under 30 Minutes

    Proportion of patients with emergency department (ED) arrival less than or equal to 30 minutes from 911 call (or cardiac arrest onset if witnessed by EMS personnel).

    Time frame: Measured within one hour cardiac arrest onset

  2. ECPR Initiations Under 30 Minutes

    Proportion of ECPR eligible patients with ECPR flow initiated less than or equal to 30 minutes from ED arrival

    Time frame: Measured within 2 hours of cardiac arrest onset

Other outcomes

  1. Functional Neurological Outcome: CPC

    Cerebral Performance Category score is widely used in cardiac arrest research to assess neurologic outcome

    Time frame: At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

  2. Functional Neurological Outcome: mRS

    modified Rankin Score commonly used for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a neurological disability.

    Time frame: At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

  3. Neuropsychological Outcome Battery: NIH Toolbox

    The NIH toolbox includes cognitive testing and can be administered using an iPad

    Time frame: At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

  4. Neuro Quality of Life: Neuro QoL

    Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders is a measurement system that evaluates and monitors the physical, mental, and social effects experienced by adults living with neurological conditions.

    Time frame: 90 days after cardiac arrest

  5. Safety: Composite Prevalence of 6 Specified Adverse Events

    Composite safety endpoint of hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, vessel damage requiring vascular procedure or leading to occlusion, venous/arterial thromboembolism, stroke, renal failure, and infection.

    Time frame: At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

06

Results

Posted Mar 15, 2021

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneStandard CareExpedited Transport
Started312
Completed312
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryEmergency Department Arrivals Under 30 Minutes

Proportion of patients with emergency department (ED) arrival less than or equal to 30 minutes from 911 call (or cardiac arrest onset if witnessed by EMS personnel).

Time frame:
Measured within one hour cardiac arrest onset
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Emergency Department Arrivals Under 30 Minutes
ParticipantsStandard CareExpedited Transport
Emergency Department Arrivals Under 30 Minutes—5
PrimaryECPR Initiations Under 30 Minutes

Proportion of ECPR eligible patients with ECPR flow initiated less than or equal to 30 minutes from ED arrival

Time frame:
Measured within 2 hours of cardiac arrest onset
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
ECPR Initiations Under 30 Minutes
ParticipantsStandard CareExpedited Transport
ECPR Initiations Under 30 Minutes—3
Other pre-specifiedFunctional Neurological Outcome: CPC

Cerebral Performance Category score is widely used in cardiac arrest research to assess neurologic outcome

Time frame:
At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Other pre-specifiedFunctional Neurological Outcome: mRS

modified Rankin Score commonly used for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a neurological disability.

Time frame:
At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Other pre-specifiedNeuropsychological Outcome Battery: NIH Toolbox

The NIH toolbox includes cognitive testing and can be administered using an iPad

Time frame:
At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Other pre-specifiedNeuro Quality of Life: Neuro QoL

Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders is a measurement system that evaluates and monitors the physical, mental, and social effects experienced by adults living with neurological conditions.

Time frame:
90 days after cardiac arrest

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Other pre-specifiedSafety: Composite Prevalence of 6 Specified Adverse Events

Composite safety endpoint of hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, vessel damage requiring vascular procedure or leading to occlusion, venous/arterial thromboembolism, stroke, renal failure, and infection.

Time frame:
At time of hospital discharge (an average of 7 days) and 90 days after cardiac arrest

Results for this outcome have not been posted.

Adverse events

Collected over Participants were followed for 90 days after intervention. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Standard Care2/3 (66.7%)2/3 (66.7%)0/3 (0%)
Expedited Transport12/12 (100%)6/12 (50%)0/12 (0%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 17
Most frequent serious events
EventStandard CareExpedited Transport
Anoxic brain injuryNervous system disorders2/32/12
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)Renal and urinary disorders1/33/12
Tracheal aspirate - Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)Infections and infestations1/30/12
PneumoniaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders0/32/12
Cardiogenic ShockCardiac disorders0/32/12
Hemorrhage from cannulation siteSurgical and medical procedures0/31/12
Hemorrhagic ShockBlood and lymphatic system disorders0/31/12
HemoperitoneumNervous system disorders0/31/12
Failure to establish circuit blood flowCardiac disorders0/31/12
Ventricular Fibrillation/Ventricular TachycardiaCardiac disorders0/31/12

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
Mean61 ± 362 ± 862 ± 7
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
Female145
Male2810
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian000
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American011
White3912
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported022
Initial cardiac rythm
Initial cardiac rythm(Participants)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
Ventricular fibrilation358
Witnessed pulseless electrical activity (PEA)044
Witnessed asystole033
Bystander CPR
Bystander CPR(Participants)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
Count of participants31013
Cardiac Arrest Locaion
Cardiac Arrest Locaion(participants)Standard CareExpedited TransportTotal
Home21012
Public Location123
07

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Michigan Hospital
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Hsu CH, Meurer WJ, Domeier R, Fowler J, Whitmore SP, Bassin BS, Gunnerson KJ, Haft JW, Lynch WR, Nallamothu BK, Havey RA, Kidwell KM, Stacey WC, Silbergleit R, Bartlett RH, Neumar RW. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (EROCA): Results of a Randomized Feasibility Trial of Expedited Out-of-Hospital Transport. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Jul;78(1):92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.11.011. Epub 2021 Feb 1. PubMed 33541748 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Apr 15, 2019

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03065647
Lead sponsor
University of Michigan
Collaborators
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Physio-Control
Responsible party
Robert Neumar (Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 28, 2017
Start date
May 1, 2017
Primary completion
Mar 5, 2020
Completion
Mar 5, 2020
Results posted
Mar 15, 2021
Last update
Jun 3, 2021

Study contacts

Robert W Neumar, MD, PhD
principal investigator · University of Michigan
Robert H Bartlett, MD
principal investigator · University of Michigan

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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