ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT02381457SMARTUpdated Jan 29, 2021

SNP-based Microdeletion and Aneuploidy RegisTry (SMART)

An observational study in 22q11 Deletion Syndrome, DiGeorge Syndrome and Trisomy 21, sponsored by Natera, Inc.. Completed at 21 sites in 6 countries. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 48 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-01-29.

Sponsored by Natera, Inc. · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
20,960
Ages
18 Years to 48 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This multi-center prospective observational study is designed to track birth outcomes and perinatal correlates to the Panorama prenatal screening test in the general population among ten thousand women who present clinically and elect Panorama microdeletion and aneuploidy screening as part of their routine care. The primary objective is to evaluate the performance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)-based Non Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) for 22q11.2 microdeletion (DiGeorge syndrome) in this large cohort of pregnant women. This will be done by performing a review of perinatal medical records and obtaining biospecimens after birth to perform genetic diagnostic testing for 22q11.2 deletion. Results from the follow-up specimens will be compared to those obtained by the Panorama screening test to determine test performance. Specific test performance parameters will include: PPV, specificity, and sensitivity.

Read the detailed description

The primary objective is to determine in a prospective study the performance of SNP based NIPT for the 22q11.2 microdeletion (DiGeorge syndrome) in a large cohort of pregnant women clinically opting for this form of screening. Specific test performance parameters will include: positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and sensitivity.

Secondary objectives include:

  1. Determine the test performance (PPV, specificity) of SNP based NIPT for detecting other microdeletion syndromes available in the Panorama microdeletion panel (e.g., 1p36 deletion, Cri-du-chat, Prader-Willi, and Angelman) individually and all combined (including 22q11.2). Given the incidences of \<1:5000, the confidence intervals are expected to be large.
  2. Determine the failure ('no call') rate for the Next-generation Aneuploidy Test Using SNPs (NATUS) method for 22q11.2 detection, as well as for aneuploidy.
  3. Determine whether a more precise risk for aneuploidy can be generated in the setting of low fetal fraction by incorporating maternal BMI (adjusted fetal fraction percentile).
  4. Assess whether low fetal fraction is associated with specific ultrasound findings that may indicate aneuploidy (e.g. triploidy, trisomy 13 and 18).
  5. Investigate the relationship between NIPT and sonographic (nuchal translucency and anatomy survey) markers and serum markers from 1st and 2nd trimester aneuploidy screening.
  6. Determine sensitivity, specificity, and PPV for chromosomal aneuploidies and sex chromosome abnormalities.
  7. Perform detailed assessment of false positive aneuploidy samples to better understand sources of error, including placental studies to further refine issues surrounding mosaicism as NIPT represents circulating placental DNA.
  8. Investigate any relationships between circulating placental DNA (fetal fraction) or other test parameters including potential genotypic markers, and outcomes related to abnormal placentation (including but not limited to preeclampsia, small for gestational age and morbidly adherent placenta).
  9. Investigate other risk factors that may impact risk assessment for microdeletions including sonographic findings consistent with 22q11.2 (cardiac anomalies and thymus size).
02

Conditions studied

  • 22q11 Deletion Syndrome
  • DiGeorge Syndrome
  • Trisomy 21
  • Trisomy 18
  • Trisomy 13
  • Monosomy X
  • Sex Chromosome Abnormalities
  • Cri-du-Chat Syndrome
  • Angelman Syndrome
  • Prader-Willi Syndrome
  • 1p36 Deletion Syndrome

Keywords

  • Microdeletion Syndrome
  • Aneuploidy
  • 22q
  • Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening
  • DiGeorge Syndrome
03

In context

DiGeorge Syndrome

47 studies on the registry are indexed under DiGeorge Syndrome; 11 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 20,960 is above the median of 175 across 17 observational studies indexed under DiGeorge Syndrome.

Browse DiGeorge Syndrome studies →

Lead sponsor

Natera, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 36 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 48 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Pregnant women

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Singleton pregnancy
  • Receiving Panorama prenatal screening test for both microdeletions (at least 22q11.2) and aneuploidy
  • Planned hospital delivery
  • Gestational age of ≥ 9 weeks, 0 days based on clinical information and evaluation.
  • Able to provide

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Received results of the Panorama test prior to enrollment
  • Organ transplant recipient
  • Egg donor used
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
20,960 participants (actual)
Target follow-up
2 Years
Patient registry
Yes
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Pregnancies undergoing prenatal microdeletion screening

    Pregnant women undergoing non-invasive prenatal screening for microdeletion and aneuploidy syndromes. No drug will be administrated, this cohort will undergo a non invasive prenatal blood test and then follow up data and specimens will be collected for research analysis.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. 22q11.2 Snp-based non-invasive prenatal screening test performance, including positive predictive value (PPV), specificity, and sensitivity

    To determine in a prospective study the performance of SNP based NIPT for the 22q11.2 microdeletion (DiGeorge syndrome) in a large cohort of pregnant women clinically opting for this form of screening.

    Time frame: 3 years

Secondary outcomes

  1. Combined microdeletion syndrome screening test performance

    Determine the test performance (PPV, specificity) of SNP based NIPT for detecting other microdeletion syndromes available in the Panorama microdeletion panel (e.g., 1p36 deletion, Cri-du-chat, Prader-Willi, and Angelman) individually and all combined (including 22q11.2). Given the incidences of \<1:5000, the confidence intervals are expected to be large.

    Time frame: 3 years

  2. No call rate

    Determine the failure ('no call') rate for the NATUS method for 22q11.2 detection, as well as for aneuploidy.

    Time frame: 3 years

  3. Low fetal fraction aneuploidy risk refinement

    Determine whether a more precise risk for aneuploidy can be generated in the setting of low fetal fraction by incorporating maternal BMI (adjusted fetal fraction percentile), or whether low fetal fraction is associated with specific ultrasound findings that may indicate aneuploidy (e.g. triploidy, trisomy 13 and 18).

    Time frame: 3 years

  4. Placental mosaicism exploration

    Perform detailed assessment of false positive aneuploidy samples to better understand sources of error, including placental studies to further refine issues surrounding mosaicism as NIPT represents circulating placental DNA.

    Time frame: 3 years

  5. Placental complications exploration

    Investigate any relationships between circulating placental DNA (fetal fraction) or other test parameters including potential genotypic markers, and outcomes related to abnormal placentation (including but not limited to preeclampsia, small for gestational age and morbidly adherent placenta).

    Time frame: 3 years

07

Study locations

21 sites
  • University of California, San Francisco
    San Francisco, California 94158, United States
  • Cooper University Hospital
    Camden, New Jersey 08103, United States
  • Virtua
    Mount Laurel, New Jersey 08054, United States
  • St. Peter's University
    New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
  • Complete Women's Healthcare
    Garden City, New York 11530, United States
  • North Shore University Hospital
    Manhasset, New York 11030, United States
  • Madonna Perinatal
    Mineola, New York 11501, United States
  • Long Island Jewish Medical Center
    New Hyde Park, New York 11040, United States
  • New York University
    New York, New York 10016, United States
  • Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai
    New York, New York 10029, United States
  • Columbia University
    New York, New York 10032, United States
  • Montefiore Medical Center
    New York, New York 10461, United States
  • Suffolk OB
    Port Jefferson, New York 11777, United States
  • North Austin Maternal Fetal Medicine
    Austin, Texas 78758, United States
  • Zeid Women's Health Center
    Longview, Texas 75601, United States
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
  • Royal Prince Alfred
    Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
  • Royal College Surgeons in Ireland
    Dublin, 1, Ireland
  • Dexeus
    Barcelona, 08028, Spain
  • Sahlgrenska University Hospital
    Gothenburg, SE-416 85, Sweden
  • St. George University Hospital
    London, SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
08

References and documents

Publications

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Genetics. Committee Opinion No. 581: the use of chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;122(6):1374-7. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000438962.16108.d1. PubMed 24264715 ↗
  • Pergament E, Cuckle H, Zimmermann B, Banjevic M, Sigurjonsson S, Ryan A, Hall MP, Dodd M, Lacroute P, Stosic M, Chopra N, Hunkapiller N, Prosen DE, McAdoo S, Demko Z, Siddiqui A, Hill M, Rabinowitz M. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based noninvasive prenatal screening in a high-risk and low-risk cohort. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Aug;124(2 Pt 1):210-218. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000363. PubMed 25004354 ↗
  • Ehrich M, Deciu C, Zwiefelhofer T, Tynan JA, Cagasan L, Tim R, Lu V, McCullough R, McCarthy E, Nygren AO, Dean J, Tang L, Hutchison D, Lu T, Wang H, Angkachatchai V, Oeth P, Cantor CR, Bombard A, van den Boom D. Noninvasive detection of fetal trisomy 21 by sequencing of DNA in maternal blood: a study in a clinical setting. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Mar;204(3):205.e1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.060. Epub 2011 Feb 18. PubMed 21310373 ↗
  • Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Haddow JE, Neveux LM, Ehrich M, van den Boom D, Bombard AT, Deciu C, Grody WW, Nelson SF, Canick JA. DNA sequencing of maternal plasma to detect Down syndrome: an international clinical validation study. Genet Med. 2011 Nov;13(11):913-20. doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182368a0e. PubMed 22005709 ↗
  • Sehnert AJ, Rhees B, Comstock D, de Feo E, Heilek G, Burke J, Rava RP. Optimal detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities by massively parallel DNA sequencing of cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood. Clin Chem. 2011 Jul;57(7):1042-9. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.165910. Epub 2011 Apr 25. PubMed 21519036 ↗
  • Benn P, Cuckle H, Pergament E. Genome-wide fetal aneuploidy detection by maternal plasma DNA sequencing. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jun;119(6):1270; author reply 1270-1. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318258c401. No abstract available. PubMed 22617594 ↗
  • Palomaki GE, Deciu C, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, Haddow JE, Neveux LM, Ehrich M, van den Boom D, Bombard AT, Grody WW, Nelson SF, Canick JA. DNA sequencing of maternal plasma reliably identifies trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 as well as Down syndrome: an international collaborative study. Genet Med. 2012 Mar;14(3):296-305. doi: 10.1038/gim.2011.73. Epub 2012 Feb 2. PubMed 22281937 ↗
  • Sparks AB, Struble CA, Wang ET, Song K, Oliphant A. Noninvasive prenatal detection and selective analysis of cell-free DNA obtained from maternal blood: evaluation for trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Apr;206(4):319.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.030. Epub 2012 Jan 26. PubMed 22464072 ↗
  • Norton ME, Brar H, Weiss J, Karimi A, Laurent LC, Caughey AB, Rodriguez MH, Williams J 3rd, Mitchell ME, Adair CD, Lee H, Jacobsson B, Tomlinson MW, Oepkes D, Hollemon D, Sparks AB, Oliphant A, Song K. Non-Invasive Chromosomal Evaluation (NICE) Study: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study for detection of fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;207(2):137.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.05.021. Epub 2012 Jun 1. PubMed 22742782 ↗
  • Nicolaides KH, Syngelaki A, Gil M, Atanasova V, Markova D. Validation of targeted sequencing of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for non-invasive prenatal detection of aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. Prenat Diagn. 2013 Jun;33(6):575-9. doi: 10.1002/pd.4103. Epub 2013 Apr 24. PubMed 23613152 ↗
  • Nicolaides KH, Syngelaki A, del Mar Gil M, Quezada MS, Zinevich Y. Prenatal detection of fetal triploidy from cell-free DNA testing in maternal blood. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2014;35(3):212-7. doi: 10.1159/000355655. Epub 2013 Oct 10. PubMed 24135152 ↗
  • Samango-Sprouse C, Banjevic M, Ryan A, Sigurjonsson S, Zimmermann B, Hill M, Hall MP, Westemeyer M, Saucier J, Demko Z, Rabinowitz M. SNP-based non-invasive prenatal testing detects sex chromosome aneuploidies with high accuracy. Prenat Diagn. 2013 Jul;33(7):643-9. doi: 10.1002/pd.4159. Epub 2013 Jun 20. PubMed 23712453 ↗
  • Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, Ballif BC, Eng CM, Zachary JM, Savage M, Platt LD, Saltzman D, Grobman WA, Klugman S, Scholl T, Simpson JL, McCall K, Aggarwal VS, Bunke B, Nahum O, Patel A, Lamb AN, Thom EA, Beaudet AL, Ledbetter DH, Shaffer LG, Jackson L. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 6;367(23):2175-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203382. PubMed 23215555 ↗
  • Wapner RJ, Babiarz JE, Levy B, Stosic M, Zimmermann B, Sigurjonsson S, Wayham N, Ryan A, Banjevic M, Lacroute P, Hu J, Hall MP, Demko Z, Siddiqui A, Rabinowitz M, Gross SJ, Hill M, Benn P. Expanding the scope of noninvasive prenatal testing: detection of fetal microdeletion syndromes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Mar;212(3):332.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.041. Epub 2014 Dec 2. PubMed 25479548 ↗
  • Vora NL, O'Brien BM. Noninvasive prenatal testing for microdeletion syndromes and expanded trisomies: proceed with caution. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 May;123(5):1097-1099. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000237. PubMed 24785862 ↗
  • Taglauer ES, Wilkins-Haug L, Bianchi DW. Review: cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal circulation as an indication of placental health and disease. Placenta. 2014 Feb;35 Suppl(Suppl):S64-8. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Dec 1. PubMed 24388429 ↗
  • Knight M, Redman CW, Linton EA, Sargent IL. Shedding of syncytiotrophoblast microvilli into the maternal circulation in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Jun;105(6):632-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10178.x. PubMed 9647154 ↗
  • Dar P, Curnow KJ, Gross SJ, Hall MP, Stosic M, Demko Z, Zimmermann B, Hill M, Sigurjonsson S, Ryan A, Banjevic M, Kolacki PL, Koch SW, Strom CM, Rabinowitz M, Benn P. Clinical experience and follow-up with large scale single-nucleotide polymorphism-based noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Nov;211(5):527.e1-527.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 8. PubMed 25111587 ↗
  • Amos-Landgraf JM, Ji Y, Gottlieb W, Depinet T, Wandstrat AE, Cassidy SB, Driscoll DJ, Rogan PK, Schwartz S, Nicholls RD. Chromosome breakage in the Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes involves recombination between large, transcribed repeats at proximal and distal breakpoints. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Aug;65(2):370-86. doi: 10.1086/302510. PubMed 10417280 ↗
  • Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, Thom EA, Hauth JC, Leveno KJ, Pearson GD, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Mercer BM, Peaceman AM, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Samuels P, Sciscione A, Harper M, Smith WJ, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Anderson GB; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1282-91. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908056. PubMed 20375405 ↗
  • Tranquilli AL, Emanuelli M. The thrombophilic fetus. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(5):1226-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.046. Epub 2006 Jul 11. PubMed 16814942 ↗
  • Faiz AS, Ananth CV. Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003 Mar;13(3):175-90. doi: 10.1080/jmf.13.3.175.190. PubMed 12820840 ↗
  • Dar P, Jacobsson B, MacPherson C, Egbert M, Malone F, Wapner RJ, Roman AS, Khalil A, Faro R, Madankumar R, Edwards L, Haeri S, Silver R, Vohra N, Hyett J, Clunie G, Demko Z, Martin K, Rabinowitz M, Flood K, Carlsson Y, Doulaveris G, Malone C, Hallingstrom M, Klugman S, Clifton R, Kao C, Hakonarson H, Norton ME. Cell-free DNA screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in pregnancies at low and high risk for aneuploidy with genetic confirmation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Aug;227(2):259.e1-259.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.01.019. Epub 2022 Jan 25. PubMed 35085538 ↗
  • Dar P, Jacobsson B, Clifton R, Egbert M, Malone F, Wapner RJ, Roman AS, Khalil A, Faro R, Madankumar R, Edwards L, Strong N, Haeri S, Silver R, Vohra N, Hyett J, Demko Z, Martin K, Rabinowitz M, Flood K, Carlsson Y, Doulaveris G, Daly S, Hallingstrom M, MacPherson C, Kao C, Hakonarson H, Norton ME. Cell-free DNA screening for prenatal detection of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jul;227(1):79.e1-79.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Jan 13. PubMed 35033576 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Apr 2015 to primary completion in Jun 2020, 62 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 2, 2015
First posted
Mar 6, 2015
StartActual
Apr 2015
Primary completionActual
Jun 2020
CompletionActual
Jun 2020
Last update
Jan 29, 2021
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 29, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02381457
Lead sponsor
Natera, Inc.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 6, 2015
Start date
Apr 2015
Primary completion
Jun 2020
Completion
Jun 2020
Last update
Jan 29, 2021

Study contacts

Peer Dar, MD
principal investigator · Montefiore Medical Center
Mary Norton, MD
principal investigator · University of California, San Francisco

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2021. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion