ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT00556530Updated Jul 29, 2026

Examining Genetic Factors That Affect the Severity of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

An observational study in DiGeorge Syndrome and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, sponsored by Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-29.

Sponsored by Albert Einstein College of Medicine · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Family-based
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,000
Sex
All
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Study summary

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder that can cause heart defects, facial abnormalities, and developmental and learning disabilities. The severity of the disorder can vary widely among people. This study will analyze DNA from people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome to identify genetic variations that may affect the severity of the disorder.

Read the detailed description

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a disorder caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22. Most people with this disorder are missing a sequence of about 3 million DNA building blocks on chromosome 22 within each cell. This disorder affects many areas of the body. People with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may have heart defects, immune deficiency, kidney abnormalities, hearing loss, and cleft palate or other facial deformities. Many children experience developmental delays and learning disabilities, and they have an increased risk of developing mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. All people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are missing the same sequence of DNA, but the severity of this disorder varies widely; some people are diagnosed with multiple health and developmental problems, while others experience very few symptoms. In some people, the symptoms may be so minimal that they are not even aware they have 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. This study will examine genetic material-either from blood or saliva-among people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Participants will attend one study visit and undergo either blood or saliva collection. By analyzing the DNA sequences of participants, the study will aim to identify any genetic variations that may affect the severity of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

NOTE: Each clinical site is under the governance of its own Institutional Review Board and discretionary clinicaltrials.gov registration.

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Conditions studied

  • DiGeorge Syndrome
  • 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Keywords

  • Congenital Heart Defects
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
  • Copy Number Variations
  • Whole Genome Association Study
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In context

DiGeorge Syndrome

47 studies on the registry are indexed under DiGeorge Syndrome; 11 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 1,000 is above the median of 175 across 17 observational studies indexed under DiGeorge Syndrome.

Browse DiGeorge Syndrome studies →

Lead sponsor

Albert Einstein College of Medicine is the lead sponsor of 201 studies on the registry; 21 are open to participants now.

Of its 46 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 37 (80%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

People with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Has 22q11 deletion of 3 megabases (Mb)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Has 22q11 deletion smaller than 3 Mb or no deletion
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Study design

Observational model
Family-based
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,000 participants (estimated)
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna
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Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine
    New York, New York 10461, United States
    Recruiting
    • Bernice E. Morrow, PhD · Principal investigator
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References and documents

Publications

  • Jacobs PA, Browne C, Gregson N, Joyce C, White H. Estimates of the frequency of chromosome abnormalities detectable in unselected newborns using moderate levels of banding. J Med Genet. 1992 Feb;29(2):103-8. doi: 10.1136/jmg.29.2.103. PubMed 1613759 ↗
  • Funke B, Edelmann L, McCain N, Pandita RK, Ferreira J, Merscher S, Zohouri M, Cannizzaro L, Shanske A, Morrow BE. Der(22) syndrome and velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome share a 1.5-Mb region of overlap on chromosome 22q11. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Mar;64(3):747-58. doi: 10.1086/302284. PubMed 10053009 ↗
  • McDermid HE, Morrow BE. Genomic disorders on 22q11. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 May;70(5):1077-88. doi: 10.1086/340363. Epub 2002 Mar 29. PubMed 11925570 ↗
  • Emanuel BS. Molecular mechanisms and diagnosis of chromosome 22q11.2 rearrangements. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(1):11-8. doi: 10.1002/ddrr.3. PubMed 18636632 ↗
  • Gotter AL, Shaikh TH, Budarf ML, Rhodes CH, Emanuel BS. A palindrome-mediated mechanism distinguishes translocations involving LCR-B of chromosome 22q11.2. Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Jan 1;13(1):103-15. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddh004. Epub 2003 Nov 12. PubMed 14613967 ↗
  • Rump P, de Leeuw N, van Essen AJ, Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC, Veenstra-Knol HE, Swinkels ME, Oostdijk W, Ruivenkamp C, Reardon W, de Munnik S, Ruiter M, Frumkin A, Lev D, Evers C, Sikkema-Raddatz B, Dijkhuizen T, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM. Central 22q11.2 deletions. Am J Med Genet A. 2014 Nov;164A(11):2707-23. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36711. Epub 2014 Aug 14. PubMed 25123976 ↗
  • Digilio MC, Versacci P, Bernardini L, Novelli A, Marino B, Dallapiccola B. Left ventricular non compaction with aortic valve anomalies: A recurrent feature of 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome. Eur J Med Genet. 2015 Aug;58(8):406-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 Jul 2. No abstract available. PubMed 26141236 ↗
  • Hiroi N, Takahashi T, Hishimoto A, Izumi T, Boku S, Hiramoto T. Copy number variation at 22q11.2: from rare variants to common mechanisms of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;18(11):1153-65. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.92. Epub 2013 Aug 6. PubMed 23917946 ↗
  • Guo T, McDonald-McGinn D, Blonska A, Shanske A, Bassett AS, Chow E, Bowser M, Sheridan M, Beemer F, Devriendt K, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Digilio MC, Marino B, Dallapiccola B, Carpenter C, Zheng X, Johnson J, Chung J, Higgins AM, Philip N, Simon TJ, Coleman K, Heine-Suner D, Rosell J, Kates W, Devoto M, Goldmuntz E, Zackai E, Wang T, Shprintzen R, Emanuel B, Morrow B; International Chromosome 22q11.2 Consortium. Genotype and cardiovascular phenotype correlations with TBX1 in 1,022 velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients. Hum Mutat. 2011 Nov;32(11):1278-89. doi: 10.1002/humu.21568. Epub 2011 Sep 16. PubMed 21796729 ↗
  • Herman SB, Guo T, McGinn DM, Blonska A, Shanske AL, Bassett AS, Chow EW, Bowser M, Sheridan M, Beemer F, Devriendt K, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Digilio MC, Marino B, Dallapiccola B, Carpenter C, Zheng X, Johnson J, Chung J, Higgins AM, Philip N, Simon T, Coleman K, Heine-Suner D, Rosell J, Kates W, Devoto M, Zackai E, Wang T, Shprintzen R, Emanuel BS, Morrow BE; International Chromosome 22q11.2 Consortium. Overt cleft palate phenotype and TBX1 genotype correlations in velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome patients. Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Nov;158A(11):2781-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35512. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PubMed 23034814 ↗
  • Delio M, Guo T, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai E, Herman S, Kaminetzky M, Higgins AM, Coleman K, Chow C, Jalbrzikowski M, Bearden CE, Bailey A, Vangkilde A, Olsen L, Olesen C, Skovby F, Werge TM, Templin L, Busa T, Philip N, Swillen A, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K, Schneider M, Dahoun S, Eliez S, Schoch K, Hooper SR, Shashi V, Samanich J, Marion R, van Amelsvoort T, Boot E, Klaassen P, Duijff SN, Vorstman J, Yuen T, Silversides C, Chow E, Bassett A, Frisch A, Weizman A, Gothelf D, Niarchou M, van den Bree M, Owen MJ, Suner DH, Andreo JR, Armando M, Vicari S, Digilio MC, Auton A, Kates WR, Wang T, Shprintzen RJ, Emanuel BS, Morrow BE. Enhanced maternal origin of the 22q11.2 deletion in velocardiofacial and DiGeorge syndromes. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Mar 7;92(3):439-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.01.018. Epub 2013 Feb 28. PubMed 23453669 ↗
  • Radoeva PD, Coman IL, Salazar CA, Gentile KL, Higgins AM, Middleton FA, Antshel KM, Fremont W, Shprintzen RJ, Morrow BE, Kates WR. Association between autism spectrum disorder in individuals with velocardiofacial (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome and PRODH and COMT genotypes. Psychiatr Genet. 2014 Dec;24(6):269-72. doi: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000062. PubMed 25325218 ↗
  • Mlynarski EE, Sheridan MB, Xie M, Guo T, Racedo SE, McDonald-McGinn DM, Gai X, Chow EW, Vorstman J, Swillen A, Devriendt K, Breckpot J, Digilio MC, Marino B, Dallapiccola B, Philip N, Simon TJ, Roberts AE, Piotrowicz M, Bearden CE, Eliez S, Gothelf D, Coleman K, Kates WR, Devoto M, Zackai E, Heine-Suner D, Shaikh TH, Bassett AS, Goldmuntz E, Morrow BE, Emanuel BS; International Chromosome 22q11.2 Consortium. Copy-Number Variation of the Glucose Transporter Gene SLC2A3 and Congenital Heart Defects in the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2015 May 7;96(5):753-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Apr 16. PubMed 25892112 ↗
  • Ionita-Laza I, Lee S, Makarov V, Buxbaum JD, Lin X. Sequence kernel association tests for the combined effect of rare and common variants. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Jun 6;92(6):841-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.015. Epub 2013 May 16. PubMed 23684009 ↗
  • Li M, He Z, Zhang M, Zhan X, Wei C, Elston RC, Lu Q. A generalized genetic random field method for the genetic association analysis of sequencing data. Genet Epidemiol. 2014 Apr;38(3):242-53. doi: 10.1002/gepi.21790. Epub 2014 Jan 30. PubMed 24482034 ↗
  • Nelson TJ, McGinn DE, Crowley TB, Rockart L, Green A, Giunta V, Tran O, Miller D, Breckpot J, Swillen A, Digilio MC, Unolt M, Putotto C, Pulvirenti F, Marino B, Emanuel BS, Zackai EH, Zhang ZD, Goldmuntz E, Boot E, Bassett AS, Morrow BE, McDonald-McGinn DM. Prevalence and Spectrum of Congenital Heart Disease in Individuals With Distal Chromosome 22q11.22-23 Deletions. Clin Genet. 2026 May;109(5):859-868. doi: 10.1111/cge.70118. Epub 2025 Dec 8. PubMed 41360439 ↗
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Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
Not marked actual or estimatedDates not marked actual or estimated

The record gives a start of Jul 2016, a primary completion of Jun 2029 and a completion of Jun 2029. It does not say whether these dates are actual or estimated.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 8, 2007
First posted
Nov 12, 2007
Start
Jul 2016
Primary completionEst.
Jun 2029
CompletionEst.
Jun 2029
Last update
Jul 29, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 29, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00556530
Collaborators
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Geneva, Switzerland, University of Toronto, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, University of California, Los Angeles, Cardiff University, Universidad del Desarrollo, Tel Aviv University, KU Leuven, Maastricht University, The Coriell Institute, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 12, 2007
Start date
Jul 2016
Primary completion
Jun 2029 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 2029 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 29, 2026

Study contacts

Bernice E. Morrow, PhD
Contact
bernice.morrow@einsteinmed.edu
914-329-4653
Bernice E. Morrow, PhD
principal investigator · Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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