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CompletedNCT01731717SCMUpdated Jul 13, 2015

Cluster Randomized Trial of Stepped Care Intervention vs. Treatment as Usual for Patients With Depression

An interventional study of Active monitoring and Bibliotherapy in Depression, sponsored by Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf. Completed at 1 site in Germany. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2015-07-13.

Sponsored by Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
737
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The main aim of the project is the implementation and evaluation of a stepped care model (SCM) for patients with depression with 6 treatment options of varying intensity and setting, including innovative technologies (e-mental health, telephone-based psychotherapy). Within this complex intervention, patients are treated by a multiprofessional network of health care providers in Hamburg, Germany. The study compares the SCM condition (intervention group) to a control group receiving treatment as usual (cluster randomization on the level of participating general practitioners). It is expected that the SCM condition will show better results regarding reduction of mental symptoms, improvement of quality of life, more efficient access to care and better cost-benefit ratio.

02

Conditions studied

  • Depression

Keywords

  • depression
  • stepped care
  • evidence-based medicine
  • health services research
  • psychotherapy
  • complex intervention
  • guideline
03

In context

Depression

8,057 studies on the registry are indexed under Depression; 1,641 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 737 is above the median of 84 across 6,720 interventional studies indexed under Depression.

Browse Depression studies →

Lead sponsor

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf is the lead sponsor of 403 studies on the registry; 83 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • >4 points on PHQ-D-9 depression scale
  • sufficient knowledge of German language
  • health situation that allows questionnaire completion

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • insufficient knowledge of German language
  • health situation not allowing questionnaire completion
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
737 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Stepped care intervention (SCM)

    Patients within the stepped care intervention are screened by general physician using the PHQ-9 (inclusion criterion: \>4 points) and diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria. Patients receive differentially intensive treatment according to depression severity. Patients with mild depression receive: Step I: Active monitoring or Step II: II.a. Bibliotherapy or II.b. Online self-help ("Deprexis®") or II+: Telephone-based psychotherapy Patients with moderate depression receive: Step III: III.a. Outpatient psychotherapy or III.b. Psychopharmacological treatment Patients with severe depression receive: Step IV: Combined psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment, optionally in inpatient setting.

    Behavioral: Active monitoring · Behavioral: Bibliotherapy · Behavioral: Online self-help · Behavioral: Outpatient psychotherapy · Procedure: Psychiatric treatment · Behavioral: Combined psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment

  • Active comparator
    Control group: treatment as usual

    Patients in the control group are screened by their general physician using the PHQ-D-9 depression scale. Patients included in the study then receive treatment as usual from general physician or other health service providers.

    Other: Control group: treatment as usual

Interventions

  • BehavioralActive monitoring

    General physician performs monitoring every 2 weeks using the PHQ-9 depression scale.

  • BehavioralBibliotherapy

    Patient works with self-help book "Selbsthilfe bei Depressionen" (Görlitz, 2010) under general physician's supervision.

  • BehavioralOnline self-help

    Patient works with online self-help program "Deprexis" under general physician's supervision.

  • BehavioralOutpatient psychotherapy

    Patient receives outpatient psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy from a psychotherapist participating in the network.

  • ProcedurePsychiatric treatment

    Patient receives treatment from psychiatrist or general physician participating in the network, this includes psychopharmacotherapy. Treatment takes place within routine care, thus psychiatrists or general physicians individually determine the type of medication and are committed to follow the recommendations of the German S3-Guideline/National Disease Management Guideline for Unipolar Depression.

  • BehavioralCombined psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment

    Patient receives psychotherapy combined with psychopharmacological treatment, if necessary in inpatient setting.

  • OtherControl group: treatment as usual

    treatment as usual

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in depression severity (PHQ-D-9)

    Change in patient-rated depression symptom severity: Patient Health Questionnaire 9, German version (PHQ-D-9; Löwe, Zipfel \& Herzog, 2002)

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Cost-benefit ratio (QALYs)

    Cost-benefit ratio in quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)

    Time frame: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months

  2. Response/Remission/Relapse (PHQ-D-9)

    Response/Remission/Relapse as computed by the difference in pre-post depression severity (PHQ-D-9)

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  3. Quality of life (EQ-5D)

    Quality of life as measured by EuroQol's EQ-5D

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  4. Quality of life (SF-12)

    Quality of life as measured by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12)

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months

  5. Health service utilization and medication consumption

    Non-standardized items regarding the amount and cost of health services utilized in the past 6 months

    Time frame: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months

  6. Self-esteem

    Rosenberg self-esteem scale

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  7. Therapeutic alliance

    Patient-rated therapeutic alliance as measured by the Helping Alliace Questionnaire (HAQ)

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  8. Anxiety symptoms (PHQ-D)

    Anxiety as rated by the PHQ-D anxiety scale

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  9. Panic symptoms (PHQ-D)

    Panic symptoms as measured by the PHQ-D

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  10. Somatisation (PHQ-D)

    Somatisation as measured by the PHQ-D

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

  11. General anxiety disorder (GAD-7)

    Symptoms of general anxiety disorder measured by the GAD-7

    Time frame: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf
    Hamburg, 20246, Germany
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Brettschneider C, Heddaeus D, Steinmann M, Harter M, Watzke B, Konig HH. Cost-effectiveness of guideline-based stepped and collaborative care versus treatment as usual for patients with depression - a cluster-randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 28;20(1):427. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02829-0. PubMed 32859177 ↗
  • Watzke B, Heddaeus D, Steinmann M, Konig HH, Wegscheider K, Schulz H, Harter M. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guideline-based stepped care model for patients with depression: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial in routine care. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Aug 20;14:230. doi: 10.1186/s12888-014-0230-y. PubMed 25182269 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 13, 2015, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01731717
Lead sponsor
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Responsible party
PD Dr. phil. Birgit Watzke (Principal Investigator, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 22, 2012
Start date
Sep 2012
Primary completion
Mar 2015
Completion
May 2015
Last update
Jul 13, 2015

Study contacts

Birgit Watzke, Prof. Dr.
study director · Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
Martin Härter, Prof. Dr. Dr.
study director · Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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