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CompletedNCT00846092NIRUpdated Sep 23, 2013

Near-infrared Light (NIR) Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study

A Phase 1 interventional study of Warp 10 LED Device and Near-infrared light (NIR) in Diabetic Macular Edema, sponsored by Medical College of Wisconsin. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2013-09-23.

Sponsored by Medical College of Wisconsin · Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
4
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Summary of Study Rationale Near-infrared light (NIR) via light-emitting diodes (LED) treatment promotes retinal healing and improve visual function following high intensity laser retinal injury by augmenting cellular energy metabolism, enhances mitochondrial function, increases cytochrome C oxidase activity, stimulates antioxidant protective pathways, and promotes cell survival. LED directly benefits injured neurons in the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the visual cortex, where perception occurs. From a public health perspective, a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Array study is important to conduct because it has been approved as a non-significant risk (NSR) device for treatment of eye disorders, it has a low cost of treatment, and it may serve as an effective, non-invasive alternative or adjunctive treatment to laser photocoagulation, the current standard of care for DME.

Study Objectives and Hypotheses

  1. To determine the effects of short term (3 month) near-infrared light (NIR) therapy on anatomic and functional abnormalities of diabetic macular edema as assessed by visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, multifocal electroretinography (mERG) and fundus bimicroscopy.
  2. To assess safety of short term near-infrared light therapy in eyes with diabetic macular edema.
02

Conditions studied

  • Diabetic Macular Edema

Keywords

  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Diabetic Macular Edema
  • NIR
  • Near-infrared Light Therapy
03

In context

Macular Edema

841 studies on the registry are indexed under Macular Edema; 56 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 4 is below the median of 50 across 619 interventional studies indexed under Macular Edema.

Browse Macular Edema studies →

Lead sponsor

Medical College of Wisconsin is the lead sponsor of 540 studies on the registry; 120 are open to participants now.

Of its 71 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 56 (79%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age >= 18 years Subjects \<18 years old are not being included because DME is so rare in this age group that the diagnosis of DME may be questionable.
  2. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2)

    • Any one of the following will be considered to be sufficient evidence that diabetes is present: Current regular use of insulin for the treatment of diabetes Current regular use of oral anti-hyperglycemia agents for the treatment of diabetes Documented diabetes by ADA and/or WHO criteria (see Procedures Manual for definitions)
  3. At least one eye meets the study eye criteria.
  4. Fellow eye meets criteria.
  5. Able and willing to provide informed consent.
  6. Any candidate identified by a study investigator as being able to successfully tolerate a 3 month deferral of laser photocoagulation.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Significant renal disease, defined as a history of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
  2. Subjects in poor glycemic control who, within the last 4 months, initiated intensive insulin treatment (a pump or multiple daily injections) or plan to do so in the next 4 months should not be enrolled.
  3. Participation in an investigational trial within 30 days of NIR participation that involved treatment with any drug that has not received regulatory approval at the time of study entry.

    • Note: subjects cannot receive another investigational drug while participating in the study during the first 6 months...
  4. Major surgery within 28 days prior to participation or major surgery planned during the next 6 months.

    • Major surgery is defined as a surgical procedure that is more extensive than fine needle biopsy/aspiration, placement of a central venous access device, removal/biopsy of a skin lesion, or placement of a peripheral venous catheter.
  5. Subject is expecting to move out of the area during the 6 months of the study.
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Study design

Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
4 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Device

    * The study will require 20 subjects. * Each subject will have one "study eye" that will be designated for treatment. * Subjects will be exposed to light emitted from Warp 10 LED's (Quantum Devices, Barneveld, WI) at wavelengths of 670 nm (+/-15nm) with a minimum exposure of 4 J/cm2 (4.0 - 7.68J/cm2). This is accomplished by applying the 50 mW/cm2 (50 - 80 mw/cm2) LED-generated light to the study eye. * Treatments involve application of the LED-generated light for 80 seconds, twice daily. Primary efficacy and toxicity outcomes are determined by measuring excess retinal thickness via Ocular Coherence Tomography at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, prior to conclusion of the study. • This protocol will be stopped if, at any point in the study, a 50% increase in excess retinal thickness is demonstrated via OCT in 25% of subjects in the experimental group.

    Device: Warp 10 LED Device · Device: Near-infrared light (NIR)

Interventions

  • DeviceWarp 10 LED Device

    Study Subjects will take the Warp 10 (LED) home and treat twice per day for three months

    Also known as: Warp 10

  • DeviceNear-infrared light (NIR)

    * Subjects will be exposed to light emitted from LED's at wavelengths of 670 nm (+/-15nm) with a minimum exposure of 4 J/cm2 (4.0 - 7.68J/cm2). This is accomplished by applying the 50 mW/cm2 (50 - 80 mw/cm2) LED-generated light to the study eye. * Treatments involve application of the LED-generated light for 80 seconds, twice daily.

    Also known as: Warp 10 LED's

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Excess retinal thickness on OCT at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. goal = reduce excess thickness by at least 50%

    Time frame: 1 month, 3 months and 6 months

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Study locations

1 site
  • Medical College of Wisconsin
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. IV. Diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 1984 Dec;91(12):1464-74. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34102-1. PubMed 6521986 ↗
  • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Ten-year incidence of visual loss in a diabetic population. Ophthalmology. 1994 Jun;101(6):1061-70. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31217-6. PubMed 8008348 ↗
  • Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. The 14-year incidence of visual loss in a diabetic population. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jun;105(6):998-1003. doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)96025-0. PubMed 9627648 ↗
  • Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1991 May;98(5 Suppl):766-85. PubMed 2062512 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group; Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M, Rand L, Siebert C. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 30;329(14):977-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401. PubMed 8366922 ↗
  • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):837-53. Erratum In: Lancet 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):602. PubMed 9742976 ↗
  • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group; Lachin JM, Genuth S, Cleary P, Davis MD, Nathan DM. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 10;342(6):381-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200002103420603. Erratum In: N Engl J Med 2000 May 4;342(18):1376. PubMed 10666428 ↗
  • Whelan HT, Smits RL Jr, Buchman EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Margolis DA, Cevenini V, Stinson H, Ignatius R, Martin T, Cwiklinski J, Philippi AF, Graf WR, Hodgson B, Gould L, Kane M, Chen G, Caviness J. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2001 Dec;19(6):305-14. doi: 10.1089/104454701753342758. PubMed 11776448 ↗
  • Beauvoit B, Kitai T, Chance B. Contribution of the mitochondrial compartment to the optical properties of the rat liver: a theoretical and practical approach. Biophys J. 1994 Dec;67(6):2501-10. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80740-4. PubMed 7696489 ↗
  • Karu T. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1999 Mar;49(1):1-17. doi: 10.1016/S1011-1344(98)00219-X. PubMed 10365442 ↗
  • Wong-Riley MT, Liang HL, Eells JT, Chance B, Henry MM, Buchmann E, Kane M, Whelan HT. Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins: role of cytochrome c oxidase. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4761-71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M409650200. Epub 2004 Nov 22. PubMed 15557336 ↗
  • Liang HL, Whelan HT, Eells JT, Meng H, Buchmann E, Lerch-Gaggl A, Wong-Riley M. Photobiomodulation partially rescues visual cortical neurons from cyanide-induced apoptosis. Neuroscience. 2006 May 12;139(2):639-49. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.047. Epub 2006 Feb 7. PubMed 16464535 ↗
  • Eells JT, Wong-Riley MT, VerHoeve J, Henry M, Buchman EV, Kane MP, Gould LJ, Das R, Jett M, Hodgson BD, Margolis D, Whelan HT. Mitochondrial signal transduction in accelerated wound and retinal healing by near-infrared light therapy. Mitochondrion. 2004 Sep;4(5-6):559-67. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2004.07.033. PubMed 16120414 ↗
  • Whelan HT, Connelly JF, Hodgson BD, Barbeau L, Post AC, Bullard G, Buchmann EV, Kane M, Whelan NT, Warwick A, Margolis D. NASA light-emitting diodes for the prevention of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002 Dec;20(6):319-24. doi: 10.1089/104454702320901107. PubMed 12513918 ↗
  • Whelan HT, Buchmann EV, Dhokalia A, Kane MP, Whelan NT, Wong-Riley MT, Eells JT, Gould LJ, Hammamieh R, Das R, Jett M. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on molecular changes for wound healing in diabetic mice. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2003 Apr;21(2):67-74. doi: 10.1089/104454703765035484. PubMed 12737646 ↗
  • Wong-Riley MT, Bai X, Buchmann E, Whelan HT. Light-emitting diode treatment reverses the effect of TTX on cytochrome oxidase in neurons. Neuroreport. 2001 Oct 8;12(14):3033-7. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200110080-00011. PubMed 11568632 ↗
  • Eells JT, Henry MM, Summerfelt P, Wong-Riley MT, Buchmann EV, Kane M, Whelan NT, Whelan HT. Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Mar 18;100(6):3439-44. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0534746100. Epub 2003 Mar 7. PubMed 12626762 ↗
  • Kowluru RA, Atasi L, Ho YS. Role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Apr;47(4):1594-9. doi: 10.1167/iovs.05-1276. PubMed 16565397 ↗
  • Kowluru RA, Kowluru V, Xiong Y, Ho YS. Overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in mice protects the retina from diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Oct 15;41(8):1191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.012. Epub 2006 Feb 6. PubMed 17015165 ↗
  • Nyengaard JR, Ido Y, Kilo C, Williamson JR. Interactions between hyperglycemia and hypoxia: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes. 2004 Nov;53(11):2931-8. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2931. PubMed 15504974 ↗
  • Obrosova IG, Stevens MJ, Lang HJ. Diabetes-induced changes in retinal NAD-redox status: pharmacological modulation and implications for pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacology. 2001;62(3):172-80. doi: 10.1159/000056091. PubMed 11287819 ↗
  • Weinberger D, Axer-Siegel R, Landau D, Yassur Y. Retinal thickness variation in the diabetic patient measured by the retinal thickness analyser. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Sep;82(9):1003-6. doi: 10.1136/bjo.82.9.1003. PubMed 9893588 ↗
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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 23, 2013, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT00846092
Lead sponsor
Medical College of Wisconsin
Collaborators
The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary
Responsible party
Harry T Whelan, MD (PI, Medical College of Wisconsin) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 18, 2009
Start date
Nov 2007
Primary completion
Feb 2013
Completion
Feb 2013
Last update
Sep 23, 2013

Study contacts

Harry T Whelan, MD
principal investigator · Medical College of Wisconsin

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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