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Not yet recruitingNCT07935330Updated Nov 13, 2026

Effect of Extended Reality-Supported Exercise Training on Shoulder Pain, Range of Motion, Pulmonary Function, Quality of Recovery, and Adherence to the Exercise Program in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery

An interventional study of XR-supported exercise training in Thoracic Surgery, sponsored by Tarsus University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-13.

Sponsored by Tarsus University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Updated Nov 13, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 1,000 studies in Motor Activity with a site in Turkey — 198 open to participants now, 227 under way, none of them phase 3. Motor Activity · Turkey.

Planned enrollment
183rd of 772
60 · median 42
Started
2026
with 103 others
No phase
772 of 1,000
161 open now
Primary completion
2027-06
later than 210 of 226 live
Registered
999th of 1,000
by date

Among the 1,000 studies in Motor Activity with a site in Turkey, this one is the 183rd largest by planned enrollment of the 772 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 104 that started in 2026, is one of 772 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 210 of the 226 other live ones, and was the 999th registered.

Motor Activity

9,812 studies on the registry are indexed under Motor Activity; 1,917 are open to participants now.

Browse Motor Activity studies →

Open to participants now

198 of the 1,000 studies in Motor Activity with a site in Turkey are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

193 more — sign in →

All 198 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Turkey have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Turkey →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,204 Motor Activity studies recruiting now, 518 (43%) set no upper age limit and 538 (45%) stop at 75 or younger; 180 take children under 18; 421 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

The full table on the hub →

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02

Study summary

The present study aims to determine the effects of an XR-supported exercise education video developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), pulmonary function, quality of recovery, and adherence to the exercise program. This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled clinical trial. The study population will consist of patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of Mersin University Hospital between October 2026 and October 2027. As shoulder pain is the primary outcome of the study, the sample size calculation was based on the study by Reeve et al. (2010). According to the a priori power analysis performed using G*Power version 3.1, assuming a significance level of ? = 0.05, 95% statistical power (1?ß), and a two-tailed hypothesis, the required total sample size was calculated to be 54 patients. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10%, the target sample size was increased to 60 patients (30 in the XR-supported exercise education group and 30 in the control group). Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40), and the Exercise Follow-up Form. Upon hospital admission, all participants will complete the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, and Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form. Patients assigned to the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise education before thoracic surgery, whereas those in the control group will receive the routine education provided in the clinic (consisting of verbal instruction and standard face-to-face patient education with demonstration). Participants in both the intervention and control groups will be assessed on postoperative days 7 and 14 using the Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, and the Quality of Recovery40 Questionnaire. During hospitalization, adherence to the prescribed exercise program will be monitored using the Exercise Follow-up Form based on patients' self-reports.

Read the detailed description

Following thoracic surgery, patients commonly experience several clinical problems during the recovery period, including pain related to improper positioning, the surgical incision and/or thoracic drain, inability to perform effective coughing, decreased lung capacity, development of postoperative pulmonary complications, inadequate airway clearance, restricted shoulder range of motion on the operated side, postural abnormalities, and persistent chest wall tightness. These complications adversely affect patients' quality of recovery. To prevent these complications, exercise training as part of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation plays a key role. One of the innovative and contemporary approaches that can be incorporated into patient education is extended reality (XR) technology. A systematic and comprehensive review of the international and national literature revealed that although studies have investigated structured and standardized exercise education for patients undergoing thoracic surgery, research evaluating XR-supported exercise education remains limited. The present study aims to determine the effects of an XR-supported exercise education video developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), pulmonary function, quality of recovery, and adherence to the exercise program. This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled clinical trial. The study population will consist of patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of Mersin University Hospital between October 2026 and October 2027. As shoulder pain is the primary outcome of the study, the sample size calculation was based on the study by Reeve et al. (2010). According to the a priori power analysis performed using G*Power version 3.1, assuming a significance level of ? = 0.05, 95% statistical power (1?ß), and a two-tailed hypothesis, the required total sample size was calculated to be 54 patients. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10%, the target sample size was increased to 60 patients (30 in the XR-supported exercise education group and 30 in the control group). Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40), and the Exercise Follow-up Form. Upon hospital admission, all participants will complete the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, and Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form. Patients assigned to the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise education before thoracic surgery, whereas those in the control group will receive the routine education provided in the clinic (consisting of verbal instruction and standard face-to-face patient education with demonstration). Participants in both the intervention and control groups will be assessed on postoperative days 7 and 14 using the Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, and the Quality of Recovery40 Questionnaire. During hospitalization, adherence to the prescribed exercise program will be monitored using the Exercise Follow-up Form based on patients' self-reports. Descriptive characteristics of the participants will be presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum maximum), frequency, and percentage. After assessing the normality of data distribution, continuous variables with normal distribution will be compared between the two independent groups using the independent samples t-test. Continuous variables that do not follow a normal distribution will be analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test. Statistical significance will be accepted at p 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. The study findings are expected to be published in an SCI-Expanded (Q1) journal and presented as an abstract at an international scientific congress. The innovative XR-supported educational approach developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery is expected to improve patient outcomes and treatment adherence while reducing healthcare costs.

03

Conditions studied

  • Thoracic Surgery

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Patient Education
  • Pulmonary Rehabilitation
  • Exercise
  • Extended Reality
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients who have undergone thoracic surgery (wedge resection, pneumonectomy, lobectomy, or segmentectomy),
  • Patients who have provided written to participate in the study,
  • Patients who are literate,
  • Patients aged 18 years or older,
  • Patients who are hemodynamically stable and eligible for mobilization,
  • Patients who are at least 24-48 hours postoperatively and have been permitted to undergo early mobilization,
  • Patients with adequate visual and auditory abilities,
  • Patients without any mental or cognitive disorders,
  • Patients who can communicate in Turkish and understand instructions,
  • Patients with no previous experience using virtual reality (VR) headsets.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who do not wish to participate in the study,
  • Patients with preoperative shoulder joint movement limitations, contractures, deficits, or similar conditions.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental group

    Patients in the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise training before thoracic surgery

    Other: XR-supported exercise training

  • No intervention
    Control group

    Control group will receive standard patient education as part of the clinic's routine care practices, consisting of face-to-face verbal information and face-to-face demonstrations provided by healthcare professionals.

Interventions

  • OtherXR-supported exercise training

    Extended reality-supported exercise training will be taught after the patient is admitted to the thoracic surgery clinic before surgery (one day before the operation). Under the supervision of the researchers, patients will perform the exercises daily throughout their hospital stay. Each supervised exercise session will be conducted in accordance with a standardized training protocol. Starting from postoperative day 0, diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises will be performed for 8-10 repetitions daily. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercises will be initiated on postoperative day 1 and performed for 10-12 repetitions in 3 sets. In addition to the researcher-supervised sessions, patients will be instructed to perform diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises approximately every two hours while awake, and shoulder ROM exercises three times a day until postoperative day 14.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Postoperative Pain

    Visual Analog Scale (VAS): This scale is a horizontal line that allows patients to subjectively rate their pain intensity on a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). It will be used to assess patients' postoperative pain levels.

    Time frame: 7months

  2. Joint Range of Motion

    Joint Range of Motion (ROM) Assessment Form: The patient's ROM will be assessed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the exercise training intervention using an electronic digital inclinometer purchased through the project budget.

    Time frame: 7 months

  3. Pulmonary Function Test FVC (L)

    Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FVC (L) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form.

    Time frame: 7 months

  4. Quality of Recovery

    Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40): This scale was developed by Myles et al to assess the quality of recovery following anesthesia and surgery.

    Time frame: 7 months

  5. Pulmonary Function Test FEV1 (L)

    Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FEV1 (L) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form.

    Time frame: 7 months

  6. Pulmonary Function Test FEV1/FVC (%)

    Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FEV1/FVC (%) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form.

    Time frame: 7 months

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Andrews C, Southworth MK, Silva JNA, Silva JR. Extended Reality in Medical Practice. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):18. doi: 10.1007/s11936-019-0722-7. PubMed 30929093 ↗
  • Ahmad AM. Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Oct;51(5):293-307. doi: 10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293. Epub 2018 Oct 5. PubMed 30402388 ↗
  • Abd El Monem Beltagy, W., Said Taha, A., & Ali Ibrahim, R. (2022). Effect of inspiratory muscle training program on health outcomes among patients with thoracic surgery. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 3(2), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.21608/ jnsbu.2022.244323

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Dec 2026; primary completion for Jun 2027, 6 months later.

Of 5,158 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Motor Activity, half reached primary completion within 17 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 36. This study's planned 6 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 5,218 studies reached it within 17 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 36.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 7, 2026
First posted
Nov 13, 2026
StartEst.
Dec 15, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Jun 15, 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 15, 2027
Last update
Nov 13, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Nov 13, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 13, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07935330
Lead sponsor
Tarsus University
Collaborators
Mersin University, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Responsible party
Gamze BOZKUL (Assistant Professor, Tarsus University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 13, 2026
Start date
Dec 15, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jun 15, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 15, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 13, 2026

Study contacts

GÜLAY ALTUN UĞRAŞ
Contact
gulaltun@mersin.edu.tr
03246000033
GAMZE BOZKUL
Contact
Gülay altun uğraş
study chair · Mersin University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

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