THE EFFECT OF A TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL-BASED CHATBOT SUPPORT INTERVENTION ON SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Browse trials for

• Cigarette Smoking 132
• Smoking 325
• Behavior, Addictive 555
• Smoking Cessation 350
• Tobacco Smoking 81

Keywords

• Smoking Behaviors
• smoking addiction
• Smoking cessation
• Transtheoretical model
• Nursing
• Psychiatric nursing

Cigarette Smoking

132 studies on the registry are indexed under Cigarette Smoking; 60 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 100 is close to the median of 94 across 114 interventional studies indexed under Cigarette Smoking.

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Seher DÖNER as lead sponsor.

Study arms

• Experimental
  Transtheoretical Model-Based Chatbot Intervention

  Participants assigned to this arm will receive a six-week, Transtheoretical Model-based, scenario-based, semi-interactive, rule-based chatbot intervention delivered via Telegram to support smoking behavior change. The intervention includes weekly interactive sessions and two brief informational or motivational messages per week. The chatbot content is designed to address participants' stage of change, smoking-related triggers, barriers to quitting, coping strategies, and self-efficacy.

  Behavioral: Dumansız (Transtheoretical Model-Based Chatbot Support Intervention)

• No intervention
  No Chatbot Intervention (Control)

  Participants assigned to this arm will not receive the chatbot intervention during the study period. They will complete the same assessments as the intervention group at baseline, immediately after the six-week intervention period, and at three-month follow-up. Smoking cessation educational material will be provided after completion of the final follow-up assessment. In addition, participants who wish to receive the chatbot intervention may be offered access to it after the study has ended.

Interventions

• BehavioralDumansız (Transtheoretical Model-Based Chatbot Support Intervention)

  "Dumansız" is a six-week, Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-based chatbot support intervention delivered via Telegram. The chatbot is scenario-based, semi-interactive, and rule-based; it does not use artificial intelligence or analyze free-text responses. Standardized responses are provided through predefined message flows and response options. Content is tailored to participants in the precontemplation, contemplation, or preparation stage of change. The intervention includes one interactive text-based session (approximately 5-10 minutes) and two brief informational or motivational messages per week, which may include text, videos, or educational materials. Stage of change is reassessed every two weeks, and message flows are adjusted when a participant's stage changes. The intervention draws on TTM processes of change and uses communication principles and techniques from motivational interviewing to support awareness, motivation, decisional balance, and self-efficacy.

Primary outcomes

1. Proportion of Participants Reporting Smoking Cessation at Week 6

   Smoking cessation status will be assessed by participant self-report. The outcome is the proportion of participants who report having stopped smoking cigarettes at Week 6, compared between the intervention and control groups.

   Time frame: At baseline, immediately after the six-week intervention (Week 6)

2. Change in Stage of Change for Smoking Cessation from Baseline to Week 6

   Stage of change will be assessed using the Stage of Change Questionnaire based on the Transtheoretical Model. Participants will be classified into precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance. Change in stage from baseline to Week 6 will be evaluated and compared between the intervention and control groups.

   Time frame: Baseline and Week 6

3. Proportion of Participants Reporting Smoking Cessation at 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   The proportion of participants who report having stopped smoking 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

4. Change in Stage of Change for Smoking Cessation from Baseline to 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   Change in participants' stage of change for smoking cessation, classified as precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, or maintenance, from baseline to 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention

Secondary outcomes

1. Change in Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy from Baseline to Week 6

   Change in participants' smoking cessation self-efficacy scores, measured using the Self-Efficacy Scale, from baseline to the end of the 6-week intervention period.

   Time frame: Baseline and Week 6

2. Change in Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy from Baseline to 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   Change in participants' smoking cessation self-efficacy scores, measured using the Self-Efficacy Scale, from baseline to 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

3. Change in Decisional Balance for Smoking Cessation from Baseline to Week 6

   Change in participants' decisional balance scores regarding smoking cessation, measured using the Decisional Balance Scale, from baseline to Week 6.

   Time frame: Baseline and Week 6

4. Change in Decisional Balance for Smoking Cessation from Baseline to 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   Change in participants' decisional balance scores regarding smoking cessation, measured using the Decisional Balance Scale, from baseline to 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

5. Change in Cigarette Craving Scores from Baseline to Week 6

   Change in participants' cigarette craving scores, measured using the Cigarette Craving Scale, from baseline to Week 6.

   Time frame: Baseline and Week 6

6. Change in Cigarette Craving Scores from Baseline to 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   Change in participants' cigarette craving scores, measured using the Cigarette Craving Scale, from baseline to 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

7. Change in Nicotine Dependence Scores from Baseline to Week 6

   Change in participants' nicotine dependence scores, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), from baseline to Week 6.

   Time frame: Baseline and Week 6

8. Change in Nicotine Dependence Scores from Baseline to 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

   Change in participants' nicotine dependence scores, measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), from baseline to 3 months after completion of the 6-week intervention.

   Time frame: Baseline and 3 Months After the 6-Week Intervention

9. Participant Satisfaction with the Chatbot Intervention

   Participants' satisfaction with the chatbot intervention will be assessed using a 5-point rating question ranging from 1 (not at all satisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). Participants' likelihood of recommending the intervention to a friend will be assessed using a rating scale ranging from 0 (not at all likely) to 10 (extremely likely).

   Time frame: Week 6

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers due to participant confidentiality and data protection considerations. Study results will be reported in aggregate form, without identifying individual participants.