An interventional study of mobilization with movement of the foot segment and Mobilization with movement of the Ilium in Patellofemoral Pain, PFP and Flatfeet, sponsored by Cairo University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Jordan. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-08.
Sponsored by Cairo University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
Among 30 studies in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome by Cairo University — 12 open to participants now, 13 under way, none of them phase 3. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome · Cairo University.
Among the 30 studies in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome by Cairo University, this one has the largest planned enrollment of the 22 interventional ones, is one of 10 that started in 2026, is one of 22 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 12 of the 12 other live ones, and was the 30th registered.
297 studies on the registry are indexed under Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; 74 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 90 is above the median of 45 across 244 interventional studies indexed under Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.
Browse Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome studies →12 of the 30 studies in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome by Cairo University are open now, in 3 countries. Each count lists the studies.
Of the 45 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome studies recruiting now, 3 (7%) set no upper age limit and 41 (91%) stop at 75 or younger; 7 take children under 18; 13 take healthy volunteers.
This study: 18 Years to 35 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.
The full table on the hub →30 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.
First in 2018; this study’s year is marked. 10 started in 2026.
Median enrollment 58 across the 22 interventional studies, 53 across the 8 observational. Of the 12 that completed or were terminated, 0 (0%) have results posted.
Cairo University is the lead sponsor of 4,941 studies on the registry; 1,458 are open to participants now.
Of its 37 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 5 (14%) have results posted.
4 of the studies in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome by Cairo University that are under way reach primary completion within a year, 0 of them phase 3. Phase 3 first, then by date:
| Study | Primary completion |
|---|---|
| NCT07698704Cairo UniversityPopliteus Muscle Release Versus Patellofemoral Mobilization in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | 2026-11-01 |
| NCT07642011Cairo UniversityRelationship Between Knee Pain And Proprioception During Single Leg Squat In Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | 2026-11-20 |
| NCT07664566Cairo UniversityCore Stability Exercises Versus Proprioceptive Training on Pain and Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | 2027-03-20 |
| NCT07806929Cairo UniversityComparison Between Foot Segment Mulligan Mobilization and Ilium Mulligan Mobilization in Treatment Patellofemoral Pain Patients With Flatfeet: a Randomized Controlled Comparative Study | 2027-11-01 |
Among the 30 studies in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome by Cairo University, from their registry updates:
Nothing recorded among them since 2026-09-25.
This three-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial will investigate the comparative effects of adding Mulligan foot-segment mobilization or Mulligan ilium mobilization to a standardized hip-knee focused exercise program in patients with patellofemoral pain and foot pronation. The study will compare these interventions with hip-knee focused exercises alone over a 4-weeks intervention period. The primary outcomes will be pain intensity and functional status, while secondary outcomes will include lower-limb muscle strength, dynamic knee valgus, pelvic tilt angle, and foot pronation.
Patellofemoral pain is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain around or behind the patella that is aggravated by activities such as squatting, stair negotiation, running, and prolonged sitting. Although local knee impairments may contribute to symptoms, factors throughout the lower-limb kinetic chain may also influence patellofemoral mechanics and clinical presentation.
Foot pronation may alter lower-limb biomechanics during weight-bearing activities and may contribute to changes in tibial and femoral movement. Proximal factors, including pelvic alignment and dynamic knee valgus, may also influence lower-limb loading and patellofemoral joint mechanics. Exercise therapy targeting the hip and knee is commonly used for the management of patellofemoral pain; however, it may not fully address kinetic-chain impairments in patients presenting with concomitant foot pronation.
This study will evaluate whether adding Mulligan mobilization directed toward either the distal foot segment or the proximal ilium/pelvic segment provides additional clinical and biomechanical benefits when combined with a standardized hip- and knee-focused exercise program.
Participants with patellofemoral pain and clinically relevant foot pronation will be screened according to predefined eligibility criteria and randomly allocated to one of three parallel groups:
Foot Mulligan Mobilization Group: Participants will receive standardized hip- knee focused therapeutic exercises combined with Mulligan mobilization directed toward the foot segment.
Ilium Mulligan Mobilization Group: Participants will receive the same standardized hip- knee focused therapeutic exercises combined with Mulligan mobilization directed toward the ilium/pelvic segment.
Control Group: Participants will receive the standardized hip- knee focused therapeutic exercise program alone.
The intervention period will last 4 weeks. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and immediately after completion of the intervention.
The primary outcomes will be pain intensity, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and functional status, assessed using the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS). Secondary outcomes will include hip and knee muscle strength assessed using a handheld dynamometer, dynamic knee valgus assessed using photogrammetric analysis and Kinovea motion-analysis software, pelvic tilt angle assessed using a PALM/pelvic inclinometer, and foot posture assessed using the Foot Posture Index (FPI).
The study will primarily examine changes over time and differences among the three treatment groups, with particular attention to the group-by-time interaction. Appropriate statistical analyses will be performed based on the distribution and characteristics of the collected data, with statistical significance set at p \< 0.05.
The study aims to determine whether targeting the distal or proximal segment of the lower-limb kinetic chain provides greater additional benefit when combined with hip-knee focused exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain and foot pronation.
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
mobilization with movement for talonavicular and talocrural joint + Hip-knee focused exercises
Other: mobilization with movement of the foot segment · Other: Hip-knee focused exercises
mobilization with movement of ilium + Hip-knee focused exercises
Other: Mobilization with movement of the Ilium · Other: Hip-knee focused exercises
Hip-knee focused exercises only
Other: Hip-knee focused exercises
Mobilization with movement of the foot segment First, a dorsal glide of the talonavicular joint will be combined with plantarflexion and inversion of the foot. Second, a posterior glide of the talocrural joint will be applied in combination with the corresponding active ankle dorsiflexion. Both mobilization techniques will be applied for 10 repetitions/ 3 sets
Also known as: Mulligan mobilization of the foot segment
the patients will be in prone position with their hands at shoulder level, and the therapist will stand on the opposite side of the mobilized ilium. The therapist will stabilize the sacrum with the medial aspect of one hand, place the fingers of the other hand under the anterior superior iliac spine, and then will pull the ilium in posterior translation and rotation in relation to the sacrum. Next, the patient will be asked to perform 10 pain-free press-ups by extending the elbows. The mobilization included 3 sets with 10 repetitions for each set and a 30-s rest in between.
Stretching exercises will include hamstring dynamic stretching from a supine position, soleus muscle stretching from a step-down position and standing the iliotibial band stretches first with arms at the side and then with arms extending overhead. Stretching exercises were performed 3 times, with a 30-s hold and a 1- in rest between each set and each muscle. The hip exercises will consist of bridging with an isometric hip abduction exercise from a supine position for hip extensors, side-lying hip abduction and clamshell at 30° hip flexion for hip external rotators. The knee exercises will involve mini wall squatting from 0-45° with a band around the distal thigh to engage hip abductors and external rotators, terminal knee extension exercise from a standing position and seated knee extension exercise from 90° to 45° knee flexion.
Also known as: conventional hip-knee focused exercises
Function measured by Anterior Knee Pain Scale
Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) It is a self-administered, weighted questionnaire that examines 13 different items including pain and functionality and a maximum score of 100 points, with higher scores indicating better lower extremity function. It documents response to six activities associated specifically with AKPS (walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting and sitting for prolonged period with knee bent). This scale has demonstrated high test-retest reliability and is considered a good and valid detector for significant changes after treatment of patients with PFPS.
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Pain measured by Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) The numeric pain rating scale ranges from 0 to 10 points, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents the worst possible suffering. Its ICC which measures the reliability of test-retests, has been 0.76, indicating that it is a reliable measure of pain intensity.
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Muscle strength by hand-held dynamometer
This device is valid and reliable in assessment of muscle strength during the dynamic movement and also during the isometric contraction of the muscles with intra-rater correlation coefficient (ICC ≥0.75). It used to assess the isometric muscle strength of hip and knee joint in patient with PFPS by using a calibrated Nicholas hand-held dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, Lafayette, IN, USA) which characterized by good to excellent interrater and intra-rater reliability
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Pelvic tilt angle by Palpation Meter device (PALM)
Palpation meter (PALM) is a pelvic leveling tool that blends inclinometer and caliper functions, it's made by performance Attainment Associates (Performance Attainment Associates, 3600 LaBore, Suite 6, Saint Paul, MN 55110 - 4144 USA). It's developed to measure pelvic torsion, pelvic tilting and leg length discrepancy (LLD). The body of the PALM contains a bubble level in a semi-circular arc with one-degree graduations that range from zero degree to thirty degrees on either side of the midline. The caliper arms are placed in bony landmarks and the degree of deviation from horizontal is read from the inclinometer. Interclass correlation coefficient suggests that intratester reliability was high for frontal plane measure (0.84) and sagittal plane measures (0.98) and intertester reliability was high for sagittal plane measures (0.89) but moderate for frontal plane measures (0.65).
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
foot pronation by Foot Posture Index (FPI)
It is a clinical tool that measures foot posture in multiple planes and anatomical segments. Its correlation coefficient showed excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.89-0.96) which indicates a very good FPI-6 reliability in the foot assessment. The FPI-6 is a valid cheap non-invasive instrument which in a fast and simple way allows one to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of many parameters of the foot's construction without the need to apply complex and time-consuming measurement methods. Foot posture index determined either the foot was pronated or not based on the scores of its six items (talar head palpation curves above and below the lateral malleoli, calcaneal angle, talonavicular bulge, medial longitudinal arch, and forefoot to rearfoot alignment). Each of the six items of FPI-6 was evaluated on a scale from -2 to +2. The neutral position of the foot is classified as 0, a positive score is foot pronation and negative score is foot supination
Time frame: baseline and after 4 weeks
Plan to share: No
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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome →