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Not yet recruitingNCT07787585Updated Aug 26, 2026

Discontinuation of Low-Dose Levothyroxine in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism

A Phase 4 interventional study of Levothyroxine Pill and Placebo in Hypothyroidism, sponsored by Spyridoula Maraka. Not yet recruiting at 3 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 65 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-26.

Sponsored by Spyridoula Maraka · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
138
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
65 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether low-dose levothyroxine can be safely discontinued in adults aged 65 years or older who are taking levothyroxine for subclinical hypothyroidism. The study will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness of discontinuing levothyroxine.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does discontinuing levothyroxine result in no clinically meaningful worsening of thyroid-related symptoms compared with continuing levothyroxine?
  • What are the effects of discontinuing levothyroxine on quality of life, tiredness, cognition, thyroid hormone levels, lipid levels, weight, and adverse events?
  • Is discontinuing levothyroxine cost-effective compared with continuing treatment?

Researchers will compare participants who discontinue levothyroxine and receive placebo with participants who continue their current dose of levothyroxine to determine the effects of levothyroxine discontinuation.

Participants will:

  • Complete a 2-week run-in period during which they continue their usual levothyroxine and record their medication use.
  • Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either continue their current dose of levothyroxine or receive a matching placebo for 6 months. Participants, their clinicians, and study investigators will not know which treatment they are receiving during the study.
  • Complete study assessments at baseline, approximately 2 months, and 6 months. Assessments will include blood tests, measurements such as body weight, questionnaires about thyroid-related symptoms and quality of life, and assessments of cognition and other health outcomes.
02

Conditions studied

  • Hypothyroidism

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Keywords

  • subclinical hypothyroidism
  • levothyroxine
  • deprescribing
  • thyroid-related symptoms
  • older adults
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
65 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age ≥65 years.
  2. Euthyroid at the time of enrollment, defined as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels within the reference range.
  3. Receiving levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism for at least 6 months.
  4. Receiving levothyroxine at a dose ≤50 mcg/day, or ≤25 mcg/day for participants weighing \<50 kg.
  5. Receiving outpatient care at the participating study site for at least 12 months.

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined as a TSH level above the normal reference range but \<10 mIU/L, with a normal fT4 level, prior to initiation of levothyroxine therapy.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. TSH >10 mIU/L at any time documented in the institutional electronic health record.
  2. Levothyroxine therapy initiated less than 6 months before enrollment.
  3. Abnormal thyroid function at the time of enrollment.
  4. Current use of medications that affect thyroid hormone levels, such as antithyroid medications, amiodarone, or lithium.
  5. History of thyroid cancer or goiter with compressive symptoms.
  6. History of partial or total thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy.
  7. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV heart failure.
  8. Hospitalization for a major illness or elective surgery within the previous 4 weeks, including acute coronary syndrome, acute myocarditis, pancarditis, or stroke.
  9. Unstable medical condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would jeopardize participant safety or interfere with study participation.
  10. Terminal illness with a life expectancy of less than 6 months.
  11. Lack of decision-making capacity.
  12. Severe dyslipidemia, defined as LDL cholesterol >190 mg/dL.
  13. Untreated depression.
  14. Uncontrolled psychiatric disorder.
  15. Uncontrolled chronic fatigue syndrome.
  16. Uncontrolled pain.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator)
Enrollment
138 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Levothyroxine Continuation

    Participants will continue their pre-study dose of levothyroxine for 6 months using blinded study medication.

    Drug: Levothyroxine Pill

  • Experimental
    Levothyroxine Discontinuation

    Participants will discontinue levothyroxine and receive matching placebo for 6 months using blinded study medication.

    Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugLevothyroxine Pill

    Participants assigned to the levothyroxine continuation arm will continue levothyroxine at their pre-study dose (≤50 mcg/day) for 6 months. Levothyroxine will be administered orally once daily as over-encapsulated study medication matched in appearance to placebo to maintain blinding.

  • DrugPlacebo

    Participants assigned to the levothyroxine discontinuation arm will discontinue levothyroxine and receive matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months. Placebo will be over-encapsulated and matched in appearance to the active study medication to maintain blinding.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean ThyPRO Hypothyroid Symptoms Scale Score at 6 Months

    Thyroid-related symptoms will be assessed using the 4-item Thyroid-specific Patient Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) Hypothyroid Symptoms Scale. Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating more severe hypothyroid symptoms. The mean 6-month score will be compared between the levothyroxine discontinuation (placebo) group and the levothyroxine continuation group. The prespecified noninferiority margin is 9 points.

    Time frame: 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean ThyPRO Hypothyroid Symptoms Scale Score Over Time

    Mean score on the 4-item ThyPRO Hypothyroid Symptoms Score. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe hypothyroid symptoms. Longitudinal changes will be evaluated between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, 6 months

  2. Mean ThyPRO Tiredness Scale Score

    Tiredness will be assessed using the 7-item ThyPRO Tiredness Scale. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater tiredness. Mean scores and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 month, and 6 months

  3. Mean Brief Fatigue Inventory Score

    Fatigue will be assessed during the 9-item Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI). Items are scored from 0 to 10 and the mean item score will be calculated, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue severity or interference. Mean scores and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  4. Mean Patient-Generated Index Visual Analogue Scale Score

    Participant-identified symptoms considered important and related to subclinical hypothyroidism will be assessed using the Patient-Generated Index (PGI) visual analogue scale. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating less severe symptoms. Mean scores and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  5. Mean ThyPRO-39 Quality-of-Life Score

    Thyroid-specific quality of life will be assessed using the 39-item ThyPRO-39 questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating worse thyroid-related quality of life. Mean scores will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline and 6 months

  6. Mean EQ-5D Descriptive Index Score

    General health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D descriptive index. Scores range from -0.59 to 1.00, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. Mean scores and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  7. Mean EQ Visual Analogue Scale Score

    Self-rated health will be assessed using the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better self-rated health. Mean scores and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  8. Number of Participants Preferring Study Treatment Versus Pre-Study Treatment

    Participants will report whether they prefer the treatment they are currently receiving during the study or their pre-study levothyroxine treatment. The number and percentage of participants reporting each preference will be summarized by treatment group.

    Time frame: 2 months and 6 months

  9. Mean Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Score

    Cognitive function will be assessed using the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M), a 13-item cognitive assessment evaluating orientation, concentration, memory, naming, calculation, comprehension, and reasoning. Total scores range from 0 to 39, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance. Mean scores will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline and 6 months

  10. Mean Body Weight

    Body weight will be measured in kilograms. Mean body weight and change in body weight will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  11. Mean Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level

    Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) will be measured in mIU/L to assess thyroid function. Mean TSH levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  12. Mean Free Thyroxine Level

    Serum free thyroxine (free T4) will be measured in ng/dL to assess thyroid function. Mean free T4 levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  13. Mean Total Cholesterol Level

    Serum total cholesterol will be measured in mg/dL. Mean levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  14. Mean Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level

    Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol will be measured in mg/dL. Mean levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  15. Mean High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level

    Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol will be measured in mg/dL. Mean levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  16. Mean Triglyceride Level

    Serum triglycerides will be measured in mg/dL. Mean levels and longitudinal changes will be compared between treatment groups.

    Time frame: Baseline, 2 months, and 6 months

  17. Incidence of All-Cause Mortality

    Number and proportion of participants who die from any cause during study participation, assessed through medical record review and/or family report.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 6 months

  18. Incidence of Cardiovascular Events

    Number and proportion of participants experiencing one or more cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, or heart failure, assessed through medical record review and participant report.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 6 months

  19. Incidence of Falls and Fractures

    Number and proportion of participants experiencing one or more falls or fractures, assessed through medical record review and participant report.

    Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the study at 6 months

  20. Incidence of Overt Hypothyroidism

    Number and proportion of participants who develop overt hypothyroidism based on protocol-defined thyroid hormone criteria.

    Time frame: 2 months and 6 months

  21. Incidence of Hyperthyroidism

    Number and proportion of participants who develop hyperthyroidism based on protocol-defined thyroid hormone criteria.

    Time frame: 2 months and 6 months

  22. Proportion of Participants Maintaining Euthyroid Status After Levothyroxine Discontinuation

    Among participants randomized to levothyroxine discontinuation/placebo, the number and proportion who remain euthyroid based on protocol-defined thyroid hormone criteria will be assessed.

    Time frame: 2 months and 6 months

  23. Number of Participants with Adverse Events

    Number and proportion of participants experiencing one or more adverse events during study participation. Adverse events will be assessed and classified according to the protocol-defined criteria for severity, expectedness, and relationship to study intervention.

    Time frame: From enrollment to 30 days after Month 6

  24. Number of Participants with Serious Adverse Events

    Number and proportion of participants experiencing one or more serious adverse events as defined in the study protocol.

    Time frame: From enrollment to 30 days after Month 6

06

Study locations

3 sites
  • Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
    Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
  • University of Florida Clinical Research Center
    Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
  • Mayo Clinic
    Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
    • Juan Pablo Brito Campana, M.B.B.S. · Contact · brito.juan@mayo.edu · (507) 266-0500
    • Juan Pablo Brito Campana, M.B.B.S. · Principal investigator
07

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07787585
Lead sponsor
Spyridoula Maraka
Responsible party
Spyridoula Maraka (Program Director/Principal Investigator, Biomedical Research Foundation) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Aug 26, 2026
Start date
Oct 2027 (estimated)
Primary completion
Sep 2030 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 2031 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 26, 2026

Study contacts

Spyridoula Maraka, M.D., M.S.
Contact
spyridoula.maraka@va.gov
(501) 257-5848
Katherine Dishongh
Contact
katherine.dishongh@va.gov
(501) 507-9554
Spyridoula Maraka, M.D., M.S.
study director · Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
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