An interventional study of Virtual Reality and Mobile Application-Based Smoking Cessation Education in Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Use Disorder and Breast Feeding, sponsored by Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-20.
Sponsored by Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of an educational video delivered through virtual reality (VR) glasses and a mobile application on smoking cessation behavior among breastfeeding mothers.
The study was carried out in the breastfeeding outpatient clinic of a secondary-level public hospital. A total of 76 breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 0-6 months who reported active cigarette smoking were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 41) using a simple randomization method. Mothers in the intervention group viewed an educational video through VR glasses and a mobile application that provided evidence-based information on the harmful effects of smoking on maternal and infant health and encouraged smoking cessation. The control group received routine breastfeeding care and counseling provided by the clinic.
Participants were followed for six months, with assessments performed at baseline and at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th months after the intervention. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief. The primary objective was to evaluate changes in nicotine dependence and smoking urges over the follow-up period and to determine the effectiveness of the VR- and mobile application-based educational intervention in supporting smoking cessation among breastfeeding mothers.
Exclusion Criteria:
Breastfeeding mothers in the experimental group received routine breastfeeding care in addition to viewing an educational video on smoking cessation delivered through virtual reality glasses and a mobile application. The intervention aimed to increase awareness of the harmful effects of smoking on maternal and infant health and to support smoking cessation. Participants were followed for six months.
Behavioral: Virtual Reality and Mobile Application-Based Smoking Cessation Education
Participants in the control group received routine breastfeeding care and standard counseling provided by the breastfeeding clinic. They did not receive the virtual reality- and mobile application-based smoking cessation education.
Participants in the intervention group viewed an educational video on smoking cessation using virtual reality (VR) glasses and a mobile application.
Change in nicotine dependence measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The primary outcome was the change in FTND score from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Higher scores indicate greater nicotine dependence.
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
Change in Nicotine Dependence Measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
The primary outcome was the change in nicotine dependence measured using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The FTND is a six-item questionnaire with total scores ranging from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate greater nicotine dependence. Changes in FTND scores were compared between the intervention and control groups throughout the follow-up period.
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University