ClinicalTrials.gg
Enrolling by invitationNCT07769385Updated Aug 18, 2026

Robotic and Aquarium Fish for Reducing Pain, Fear, and Anxiety in Children

An interventional study of Robotic Fish and Robotic Fish in Anxiety, Fear and Pain, sponsored by Inonu University. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 5 Years to 10 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-18.

Primary conditionPainRegistry: Anxiety DisordersReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Anxiety Disorders — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Pain
Why
  1. The registry often attaches Anxiety Disorders to studies about something else, and this study's title and listed conditions do not name it.
  2. The study's listed conditions name Pain.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by Inonu University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
120
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
5 Years to 10 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-13

Among 37 studies in Pain by Inonu University — 11 open to participants now, 12 under way, none of them phase 3. Pain · Inonu University.

Planned enrollment
12th of 35
120 · median 100
Started
2026
with 3 others
No phase
32 of 37
10 open now
Primary completion
2026-10
later than 9 of 11 live
Registered
37th of 37
by date

Among the 37 studies in Pain by Inonu University, this one is the 12th largest by planned enrollment of the 35 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 4 that started in 2026, is one of 32 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 9 of the 11 other live ones, and was the 37th registered.

Pain

10,060 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,651 are open to participants now.

Browse Pain studies →

Open to participants now

11 of the 37 studies in Pain by Inonu University are open now, in 1 country. Recruiting first, the newest first:

5 more — sign in →

By country, each count listing its studies:

All 11 open studies →

Where they have run

Who these studies take

Of the 929 Pain studies recruiting now, 384 (41%) set no upper age limit and 434 (47%) stop at 75 or younger; 146 take children under 18; 222 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 5 Years to 10 Years · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

The full table on the hub →

This tab as a report to print or save as PDF → With an account.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 37 studies in Pain by Inonu University, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

This study aims to find out whether robotic fish and aquarium fish can help reduce pain, fear, and anxiety in children during painful medical procedures.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

Does watching robotic fish during a painful procedure reduce children's pain, fear, and anxiety? Does watching aquarium fish during a painful procedure reduce children's pain, fear, and anxiety? Are there differences in pain, fear, and anxiety between children receiving these interventions? During the painful procedure, children in the intervention groups will watch either robotic fish or aquarium fish as a distraction. Children's pain, fear, and anxiety levels will be assessed using age-appropriate measurement tools. Researchers will compare the results between the study groups to determine whether robotic fish or aquarium fish can help children feel more comfortable during painful medical procedures.

The findings may provide information about simple, non-drug methods that nurses and other health care providers can use to help reduce children's negative experiences during painful procedures.

03

Conditions studied

  • Anxiety
  • Fear
  • Pain
  • Child

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Distraction
  • Robotic Fish
  • Anxiety
  • Pain
  • Children
04

In context

Pain Reclassified

10,060 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,651 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 120 is above the median of 66 across 8,497 interventional studies indexed under Pain.

Browse Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Inonu University is the lead sponsor of 396 studies on the registry; 96 are open to participants now.

Compared within Pain, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Anxiety Disorders. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

05

Who can participate

Ages eligible
5 Years to 10 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Being between the ages of 5 and 10, and
  • Being subjected to painful procedures.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • The child has a physical disability, and
  • There are circumstances that prevent the child's facial expressions from being clearly visible.
06

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
120 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Aquarium Fish Group

    hildren assigned to this group will watch live fish in an aquarium during the painful procedure as a distraction intervention.

    Other: Robotic Fish

  • No intervention
    Control Group

    No Intervention

  • Experimental
    Robotic Fish Group

    hildren assigned to this group will watch robotic fish during the painful procedure as a distraction intervention

    Other: Robotic Fish

Interventions

  • OtherRobotic Fish

    Children assigned to this group will watch live fish swimming in an aquarium during the painful procedure. The aquarium will be used as a visual distraction to divert the child's attention from the procedure and potentially reduce pain, fear, and anxiety.

  • OtherRobotic Fish

    Children assigned to this group will watch robotic fish swimming in an aquarium during the painful procedure. The robotic fish will be used as a visual distraction to divert the child's attention from the procedure and potentially reduce pain, fear, and anxiety.

07

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Level Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale

    Children's pain intensity during the painful procedure will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

    Time frame: Immediately after completion of the painful procedure

  2. Fear Level Assessed Using the Children's Fear Scale

    Children's procedure-related fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale (CFS). The scale consists of five facial expressions representing increasing levels of fear and is scored from 0 to 4. A score of 0 indicates no fear and a score of 4 indicates extreme fear. Higher scores indicate greater fear.

    Time frame: Immediately before the intervention and immediately after completion of the painful procedure

  3. Anxiety Level Assessed Using the Children's Anxiety Meter-State

    Children's state anxiety related to the painful procedure will be assessed using the Children's Anxiety Meter-State (CAM-S). The scale is scored from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety.

    Time frame: Immediately before the intervention and immediately after completion of the painful procedure

08

Study locations

1 site
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Power, N., Franck, L., & Oulton, K. (2019). The role of parental anxiety in children's procedural distress: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(23-24), 4357-4370.
  • McMurtry CM, Noel M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ. Children's fear during procedural pain: preliminary investigation of the Children's Fear Scale. Health Psychol. 2011 Nov;30(6):780-8. doi: 10.1037/a0024817. Epub 2011 Aug 1. PubMed 21806301 ↗
  • Li WHC, Chung JOK, Ho KY, Kwok BMC. Play interventions to reduce anxiety and negative emotions in hospitalized children. BMC Pediatr. 2016 Mar 11;16:36. doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0570-5. PubMed 26969158 ↗
  • Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: a critical review of pediatric research. J Pediatr Nurs. 2012 Dec;27(6):652-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PubMed 21925588 ↗
  • Kamioka H, Okada S, Tsutani K, Park H, Okuizumi H, Handa S, Oshio T, Park SJ, Kitayuguchi J, Abe T, Honda T, Mutoh Y. Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Apr;22(2):371-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.016. Epub 2014 Jan 6. PubMed 24731910 ↗
  • Hinic K, Kowalski MO, Holtzman K, Mobus K. The Effect of a Pet Therapy and Comparison Intervention on Anxiety in Hospitalized Children. J Pediatr Nurs. 2019 May-Jun;46:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 7. PubMed 30852256 ↗
  • Gerçeker, G. Ö., Binay, Ş., Bilsin, E., Kahraman, A., & Yılmaz, H. B. (2017). Turkish validity and reliability study of the Children's Anxiety Meter-State. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 33, e29-e35.
  • Gerçeker, G. Ö., Ayar, D., Özdemir, E. Z., Bektaş, M., & Conk, Z. (2018). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the Child Fear Scale. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 40, e37-e40.
  • Crossman, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., & Knudson, K. (2020). Brief unstructured interaction with a robotic animal reduces children's distress during medical procedures. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 53, e75-e81.
  • Cracknell D, White MP, Pahl S, Nichols WJ, Depledge MH. Marine Biota and Psychological Well-Being: A Preliminary Examination of Dose-Response Effects in an Aquarium Setting. Environ Behav. 2016 Dec;48(10):1242-1269. doi: 10.1177/0013916515597512. Epub 2015 Jul 28. PubMed 27818525 ↗
  • Coyne I. Children's experiences of hospitalization. J Child Health Care. 2006 Dec;10(4):326-36. doi: 10.1177/1367493506067884. PubMed 17101624 ↗
  • Birnie KA, Noel M, Parker JA, Chambers CT, Uman LS, Kisely SR, McGrath PJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of distraction and hypnosis for needle-related pain and distress in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014 Sep;39(8):783-808. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu029. Epub 2014 Jun 2. PubMed 24891439 ↗
  • Bert F, Gualano MR, Camussi E, Pieve G, Voglino G, Siliquini R. Animal assisted intervention: A systematic review of benefits and risks. Eur J Integr Med. 2016 Oct;8(5):695-706. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 May 20. PubMed 32362955 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jun 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Oct 2026, 4 months after the start.

Of 3,734 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Pain, half reached primary completion within 10 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 4 and three quarters within 23. This study's planned 4 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 3,833 studies reached it within 10 months; a quarter within 4 and three quarters within 23.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 14, 2026
First posted
Aug 18, 2026
StartActual
Jun 14, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Oct 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 2026
Last update
Aug 18, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07769385
Lead sponsor
Inonu University
Responsible party
Abdullah Sarman (Associate Professor, Inonu University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 18, 2026
Start date
Jun 14, 2026
Primary completion
Oct 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 18, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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