An interventional study of Exercise Program and Diadynamic current therapy applied in conjunction with exercise in Bruxism, sponsored by Inonu University. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-11-21.
Sponsored by Inonu University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of diadynamic current, one of the electrotherapy methods added to rehabilitation in the treatment of bruxism. Individuals over the age of 18 diagnosed with bruxism will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups using the sealed envelope method: rehabilitation program (control group) or rehabilitation program combined with diadynamic current (experimental group). The intervention will consist of an exercise program conducted jointly for the experimental and control groups. Participants will be given a structured exercise program to be performed in person 3 days a week for 6 weeks. In addition to the exercise program, the experimental group will receive diadynamic current treatment at each session. Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold with an algometer, muscle strength with a hand-held dynamometer, bite force with a pinch meter, maximal mouth opening with a caliper, and head posture with the craniovertebral angle. Oral habits will be evaluated using the Oral Behavior Checklist, and anxiety levels will be assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
151 studies on the registry are indexed under Bruxism; 39 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 24 is below the median of 39 across 94 interventional studies indexed under Bruxism.
Browse Bruxism studies →Inonu University is the lead sponsor of 394 studies on the registry; 95 are open to participants now.
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Inclusion Criteria: The study will include patients of both genders who have been clinically diagnosed with bruxism over the age of 18 and who report pain around the jaw (3 or higher on the VAS), and who have provided .
Exclusion Criteria: Patients who have previously used physical therapy or complementary-alternative medicine methods for similar complaints, those with neurological or psychiatric disorders, those with systemic diseases, those with pacemakers or implantable defibrillators; those with a history of cancer, those with an acute infection in the relevant area, those with a history of trauma to the jaw area, those using muscle relaxants, analgesics, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, those who have participated in another study within the last 6 months, and individuals who do not agree to participate in the study will be excluded.
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants will be given a structured exercise program to be performed in person 3 days a week for 6 weeks.
Other: Exercise Program
In addition to the rehabilitation program, participants will receive diadynamic current therapy during each session.
Other: Diadynamic current therapy applied in conjunction with exercise
Participants will be given a structured exercise program to be performed in person 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The traditional program will include soft tissue relaxation exercises applied to the masseter and temporalis muscles following breathing exercises, controlled jaw opening and closing, jaw lateralization exercises, motor control targeting the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles, isometric strengthening, and stretching techniques. Additionally, exercises for the gradual stabilization of the cervical region and posture exercises will be added. The exercises will be performed three times a week under the supervision of a physical therapist.
Also known as: Control Group
In addition to the exercise program, the experimental group will complete a total of 12 minutes of treatment per session using three different modes of diadynamic current therapy in sequence. Among the current parameters used, the diphase fixe and long-period modes will be applied at the sensory threshold level for four minutes each, while the courtes-period mode will be applied for four minutes at the motor threshold level, at an intensity that will cause short muscle contractions. The application will be performed on the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles, which are located in areas adjacent to the temporomandibular joint and contain painful or myofascial trigger points identified by palpation. Round adhesive electrodes will be used for the surface electrode application.
Also known as: Experimental Group
Pain Assessment
To determine patients' pain levels, pain intensity at rest and during activity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A 10-centimeter (cm) horizontal line was used on this scale, grading from "0: no pain" to "10: unbearable pain." Patients were asked to rate their current pain within this range.
Time frame: Baseline
Pain Assessment
To determine patients' pain levels, pain intensity at rest and during activity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A 10-centimeter (cm) horizontal line was used on this scale, grading from "0: no pain" to "10: unbearable pain." Patients were asked to rate their current pain within this range.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Pressure Pain Assessment
The pressure pain threshold around the temporomandibular joint in the masseter and temporalis muscles will be assessed bilaterally using an algometer. The patient will be asked to indicate when the applied pressure first causes pain. The average of the 3 measurements will be recorded on the assessment form in kg/cm².
Time frame: Baseline
Pressure Pain Assessment
The pressure pain threshold around the temporomandibular joint in the masseter and temporalis muscles will be assessed bilaterally using an algometer. The patient will be asked to indicate when the applied pressure first causes pain. The average of the 3 measurements will be recorded on the assessment form in kg/cm².
Time frame: 6 weeks
Muscle Strength Assessment
Muscle strength during jaw opening, closing, lateral movements to the right and left, and protrusion will be measured using a hand-held dynamometer. While performing these movements, counterforce will be applied in the opposite direction. Muscle strength will be recorded in Newtons (N).
Time frame: Baseline
Muscle Strength Assessment
Muscle strength during jaw opening, closing, lateral movements to the right and left, and protrusion will be measured using a hand-held dynamometer. While performing these movements, counterforce will be applied in the opposite direction. Muscle strength will be recorded in Newtons (N).
Time frame: 6 weeks
Bite Force
Individuals' bite forces will be assessed using a pinchmeter. Three bite repetitions will be performed to determine the central bite force between the incisors and the lateral bite force between the right and left lateral posterior arches, and the average will be recorded in kilograms.
Time frame: Baseline
Bite Force
Individuals' bite forces will be assessed using a pinchmeter. Three bite repetitions will be performed to determine the central bite force between the incisors and the lateral bite force between the right and left lateral posterior arches, and the average will be recorded in kilograms.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Maximum Mouth Opening
The maximum mouth opening will be measured with a caliper and recorded in centimeters (cm).
Time frame: Baseline
Maximum Mouth Opening
The maximum mouth opening will be measured with a caliper and recorded in centimeters (cm).
Time frame: 6 weeks
Head Posture
The craniovertebral angle will be measured to assess the head posture. This angle will be evaluated using a goniometer that measures the angle between the seventh cervical vertebra, the tragus, and the horizontal plane.
Time frame: Baseline
Head Posture
The craniovertebral angle will be measured to assess the head posture. This angle will be evaluated using a goniometer that measures the angle between the seventh cervical vertebra, the tragus, and the horizontal plane.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Determining the Oral Habits
A 21-item Oral Behavior Checklist survey will be used to assess participants' oral habits. This questionnaire uses a 4-point Likert scale to ask how often parafunctional habits such as teeth clenching, teeth grinding, nail biting, lip biting, cheek biting, pen biting, and chewing gum have been performed in the last month.
Time frame: Baseline
Determining the Oral Habits
A 21-item Oral Behavior Checklist survey will be used to assess participants' oral habits. This questionnaire uses a 4-point Likert scale to ask how often parafunctional habits such as teeth clenching, teeth grinding, nail biting, lip biting, cheek biting, pen biting, and chewing gum have been performed in the last month.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Determining the Anxiety Level
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) will be used to assess participants' anxiety levels. This scale consists of 20 items. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline
Determining the Anxiety Level
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) will be used to assess participants' anxiety levels. This scale consists of 20 items. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Determining the Sleep Quality
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to assess sleep quality. This scale consists of 19 self-assessment questions divided into seven subscales. The total PSQI score is calculated as the sum of these seven subscales, ranging from 0 to 21, with scores above 5 indicating poor sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline
Determining the Sleep Quality
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to assess sleep quality. This scale consists of 19 self-assessment questions divided into seven subscales. The total PSQI score is calculated as the sum of these seven subscales, ranging from 0 to 21, with scores above 5 indicating poor sleep quality.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Plan to share: No
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