ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07760363Updated Aug 12, 2026

Pedal Pump Clinical Trial on Edema V1

An interventional study of Pedal Pump and Pedal Pump Sham in Lower Extremity Edema, Congestive Heart Failure(CHF) and Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), sponsored by David McVay. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-12.

Sponsored by David McVay · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Aug 2026; still recruiting 3 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 2,156 studies in Heart Failure with a site in United States — 348 open to participants now, 437 under way, 27 of them phase 3. Heart Failure · United States.

Planned enrollment
815th of 1,600
60 · median 65
Started
2026
with 94 others
No phase
886 of 2,156
161 open now
Primary completion
2026-09
later than 106 of 436 live
Registered
2,137th of 2,156
by date

Among the 2,156 studies in Heart Failure with a site in United States, this one is the 815th largest by planned enrollment of the 1,600 interventional ones, is one of 95 that started in 2026, is one of 886 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 106 of the 436 other live ones, and was the 2,137th registered.

By phase

2,156 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study886 · 161 open
Observational552 · 103 open
Phase 2226 · 24 open
Phase 3147 · 21 open
Phase 4139 · 13 open
Phase 1118 · 18 open
Phase 1/256 · 5 open
Phase 2/330 · 3 open
Other kind2 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 1983; this study’s year is marked. 95 started in 2026.

Size and results

Median enrollment 65 across the 1,600 interventional studies, 150 across the 551 observational. Of the 1,509 that completed or were terminated, 629 (42%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 2,156 studies in Heart Failure with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Previous research on the osteopathic manual technique entitled "Pedal Pump" has shown health benefits, specifically increasing lymphatic flow, decreasing lower extremity edema, and decreasing serum lactic acid after maximal exercise. However, due to the limitation of human practitioners, research has been limited.

The Pedal Pump is now a device which facilitates consistency in treatment and allows for increased sample size in research. This clinical trial studies the effects of 10 minutes of Pedal Pump treatment for hospitalized patients with lower extremity edema.

Key Question for this first study: Is the Pedal Pump a feasible treatment for hospitalized patients? Secondary question: Does the Pedal Pump decrease lower extremity edema?

This is a novel idea in its early stage of development, so Investigators anticipate product advancements, further testing with larger population sizes, and future publications.

Read the detailed description

The Pedal Pump is a device which engages the feet of patients while they are in bed. The device is placed between the foot board and the patient's feet. It provides gentle, on-and-off pressure to the feet, which, in turn, mobilizes the whole body in a rhythmic, calming manner.

The proposed hypotheses of the Pedal Pump are primarily based on the health benefits provided by normal walking. They include, but are not limited to…

Physiological Benefits

  • Increase lymphatic flow within the body
  • Increase blood flow back to the heart and into the tissues
  • Increase intestinal peristalsis
  • Increase kidney filtration
  • Increase myofascial and musculoskeletal movement

Proposed Patient-Centered Benefits

  • Decrease lower extremity fluid volume
  • Decrease lower back pain
  • Decrease neck pain
  • Increase return of bowel function after intra-abdominal surgery

For this first, feasibility study the Investigators will be investigating if the Pedal Pump is tolerated by hospitalized patients, and if so, does it decrease lower extremity edema.

Treatment:

  • Patients will lay with the head of the bed elevated at a 45-60 degree angle (i.e., in Fowler's position)
  • Patients will receive the Pedal Pump treatment applied to both feet for 10 minutes continuously, provided the treatment is tolerated by the patient.

Objective Measures: Assessments of the feet and legs will be taken pre-treatment (Minute 0), post-treatment (Minute 10-15), and follow-up (45-60 minutes after post-treatment):

  • Feet: skin redness, bruising, swelling, numbness, capillary refill
  • Bilateral Mid-Thigh Circumferences (15 cm above superior patella), Mid-Calf Circumferences (largest circumference), Ankle Circumferences (superior to the malleoli)
  • The Assessor will use a skin marker to mark the location where he or will measure, marking horizontal lines above and below the measuring tape over the ankle, calf, and mid-thigh. He or she will use the same location for pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up measurements. Each circumference measurement will be obtained in a duplicate. The average of the two measurements will be used for analysis.
  • The measuring tape will not have slack and will not be so tight to cause pitting edema.

Subjective Measures: The below Symptoms will be rated by the patient pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at follow-up. Ratings range from 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), 3 (severe).

  • Foot pain
  • Ankle pain
  • Knee pain
  • Upper leg pain
  • Low back pain
  • Mid back pain
  • Upper back pain
  • Neck Pain
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Stress level

Thresholds for clinically meaningful change:

  • Circumference change ≥1 cm
  • Pain, headache, nausea, or stress level changes ≥1 points

Treatment vs Sham

  • 40 patients (⅔) receiving the Treatment and 20 patients (⅓) receiving the Sham.
  • Randomization will occur via 60 sealed envelopes shuffled and then distributed to the Operators.

Routine care

  • Patients will socialize, watch TV, read a book, use their phones or laptops, or otherwise spend their time how they prefer. However, unless there is an adverse outcome or the treatment needs to be aborted, they will keep their feet connected to the heel protector pillows which will be engaging the device during the entire 10 minutes.
  • Patients will continue to receive diuretics and other treatment for lower extremity edema. Because the effects of medicines on lower extremity edema are usually seen in hours and not minutes. In other words, if a significant effect is shown within 10 minutes while the device is activated, then the effect would have been from the Pedal Pump's treatment in those 10 minutes.
  • Both Treatment and Control (Sham) groups will receive new measurements and surveys 45-60 minutes after the treatment, including asking them which group they believed they were included in (i.e. treatment vs. control) and their level of confidence in that belief.

Data Storage and Analysis:

  • The initial data will be written on paper by the patients and clinical assessors. Papers will be collected by the Hillcrest Pedal Pump Investigation team. Papers will be scanned into PDF for storage in a HIPAA-compliant Google Drive Folder. The data collected (without patient identifiers) will then be manually uploaded to HIPAA-compliant Google Sheets or Microsoft Excel.
  • Investigators will use a Double Data Entry protocol (two different people type the data, and a system checks for mismatches) to ensure data integrity.

Statistical methods:

  • Continuous variables (circumferences) will be analyzed by a blinded statistician using a paired t-test (pre vs. post) and an independent t-test or repeated measures ANOVA to compare the Treatment group directly against the Sham control group.
  • Investigators will analyze the Subjective and Objective measures to establish standard deviation, p-values, and confidence intervals to define clinical significance.

Handling of missing data:

  • If a patient or an assessor does not complete 30% or more of questions on the forms, the entry will be voided altogether.
  • Investigators will use an Intention-to-Treat Analysis (i.e., analyzing all subjects' data to discover how the device may be experienced in real life by different hospitalized subjects).

Device Description and Engineering Safety

  • Device mechanism: Applying a cephlad-directed load to the plantar surfaces of the feet without causing dorsiflexion.
  • Mechanical specifications: A 3D printed platform and casing with a motor inside and on-off switch outside of the casing. See video below for visual details.

Device Specifications

  • Power source is provided from a standard USA electrical outlet (120V). Power cord includes an AC / DC Adapter. Input: 100-240V. Output: 20-24V with 3-5 amp input into motor. Frequency/power: Device moves laterally with frequency of 1 cycle every 1.5 seconds and a max torque of 160 kg-cm.
  • Contact materials: Patients' feet will be in socks of the patient's choice which will contact the plastic covers of the heel protector pillows. The heel protector pillows will contact the Pedal Pump platform.
  • Safety: If a small internal piece of the device breaks, the patient will be protected by the device's platform and then additional protection from heel protector pillows.
  • Emergency Stop: If the patient has a need for emergent cessation of treatment, the patient can at any time move his or her feet away from the device (i.e. there is not any restraint placed on the patient's feet). The Operator can also turn off the device at any moment.
03

Conditions studied

  • Lower Extremity Edema
  • Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)
  • Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
  • Kidney Disease

Keywords

  • Pedal Pump
  • Lower Extremity Edema
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • CHF
  • LE Edema
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Bilateral lower extremity edema of at least mild severity judged by the treating clinician to be due to CHF, chronic venous insufficiency, kidney disease, or other etiologies of fluid overload conditions.
  • Medically stable
  • Able to remain in Fowler position for 10 minutes
  • Patients in the ER, observation, or admitted to the hospital for any period of time; outpatients (specifically CHF clinic patients)
  • Patients must give to participate. The patient must be able to read the consent form (in English or Spanish) or give consent after the form is translated for the patient.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients using a hospital bed which has the scale on the foot board
  • Lymphedema (interstitial protein-built fluid)
  • Lipedema (fat distribution)
  • Pressure ulcers
  • Active DVT (i.e. Patients who have signs of acute unilateral swelling must have a documented negative lower extremity venous duplex ultrasound within the current admission before they will be included in the trial.)
  • Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease
  • Wounds or infections in the feet, legs, buttocks, or back
  • Weeping lymphedema or bullous cellulitis
  • Uncontrolled hypertension (BP>180/110) in the recent 2 hours
  • Uncontrolled hypotension (BP \<80/45) in the recent 2 hours
  • Heart rate greater than 110 or less than 45 in the recent 2 hours
  • Leg or back surgery in previous 30 days
  • Known pregnancy
  • Severe osteoporosis/fracture risk
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Treatment Group

    The Treatment group will experience the Pedal Pump intervention by... 1. Being assisted to sit up in their beds at a 45-60 degree Fowler's position. Their thighs, calves, and ankles being marked with a surgical marker at the locations and measured. 2. The heel protector pillows being attached to their feet and the Pedal Pump being placed at the foot of the bed. 3. Provided the treatment is tolerated by the patient, the Pedal Pump treatment being applied to both feet for 10 minutes continuously mobilizing their whole body in sufficient manner to see the nose move. 4. The Operator turning off the device and removing it from the bed.

    Device: Pedal Pump

  • Sham comparator
    Sham (Control) Group

    The Sham Group will have the same experience as Treatment Group with the exact same device generating identical operational sounds and visible movement, but the patient's body will not be close enough to the device to produce sufficient displacement to transmit mechanical forces beyond the feet. The Pedal Pump will only contact the heel protector pillows enough to make the toes move but will not contact them enough to mobilize the legs or the entire body.

    Device: Pedal Pump Sham

Interventions

  • DevicePedal Pump

    The Pedal Pump device pumps both feet for 10 minutes continuously-- mobilizing their whole body in sufficient manner to see the nose move.

    Also known as: Foot Pump, Foot Mobilizer, Feet Mover

  • DevicePedal Pump Sham

    The Sham Intervention is the same as Pedal Pump Intervention with the exact same Pedal Pump device generating identical operational sounds and visible movement; however, the patient's body will not be close enough to the device to produce sufficient displacement to transmit mechanical forces beyond the feet. The Pedal Pump will only contact the heel protector pillows enough to make the toes move but will not contact them enough to mobilize the legs or the entire body.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. No Treatment-Related Adverse Events Scoring 3, 4, or 5 on the CTCAE v4.0 scale

    Treatment-related adverse events will be assessed by CTCAE v4.0 on a 1-5 scale: * Grade 1 (Mild): Asymptomatic or mild symptoms. * Grade 2 (Moderate): Minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention indicated. * Grade 3 (Severe): Severe but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization indicated. * Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Urgent intervention indicated. * Grade 5 (Death): Death related to the AE. Adverse Events monitors will be such as, but not limited to: * New pain * Worsened pain * Dizziness * Blood pressure instability * Skin irritation * Muscle cramping * Abdominal cramping * Anxiety * Nausea * Syncope * Chest pain of cardiac origin * Sustained arrhythmia * Stroke symptoms * Hypoxia * Hypotension Treatment will stop immediately if a Grade 3, 4, or 5 adverse event occurs. The Investigators will keep record of the number of patients having adverse events and their severities.

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  2. Treatment Tolerability

    ≥95% treatment tolerability (\<5% "aborted" treatments)

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  3. Change in Lower Extremity Edema

    ≥1 cm change in average lower extremity circumferences

    Time frame: 10 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. No increase in pain or stress in ≥80% of the treatment group

    No increase in pain or stress in ≥80% of the treatment group per patient-reported symptoms using a scale of 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe)

    Time frame: 10 minutes

  2. <20% of Treatment Group having Treatment-Related Adverse Events scoring 2 per CTCAE v4.0

    Treatment-related adverse events will be assessed by CTCAE v4.0 on a 1-5 scale: * Grade 1 (Mild): Asymptomatic or mild symptoms. * Grade 2 (Moderate): Minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention indicated. * Grade 3 (Severe): Severe but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization indicated. * Grade 4 (Life-threatening): Urgent intervention indicated. * Grade 5 (Death): Death related to the AE. Adverse Events monitors will be such as, but not limited to: * New pain * Worsened pain * Dizziness * Blood pressure instability * Skin irritation * Muscle cramping * Abdominal cramping * Anxiety * Nausea * Syncope * Chest pain of cardiac origin * Sustained arrhythmia * Stroke symptoms * Hypoxia * Hypotension

    Time frame: 10 minutes

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Age Sex Weight BMI Receiving IV diuretics Receiving oral diuretics Active CHF Active chronic venous insufficiency Acute kidney disease Chronic kidney disease End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Active Hypertension History of Myocardial infarction History of Stroke Active Diabetes Smoking 5+ years history Active pain

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Clinical study report

Time frame: Anticipated Start-Date: October 31, 2026 Anticipated End-Date: January 1, 2040

Access criteria: After publication, de-identified IPD will be shared with qualified independent researchers under strict data-use agreements to verify findings and conduct new scientific work. We will allow said researchers to have "view only" access to the electronic folder containing the de-identified IPD. Researchers can email their requests to davidwilliammcvay@gmail.com.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Aug 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Sep 2026, 1 month after the start.

Of 236 industry-sponsored interventional studies with no phase under Heart Failure, half reached primary completion within 34 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 62. This study's planned 1 month is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,354 studies reached it within 31 months; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 52.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 5, 2026
First posted
Aug 12, 2026
StartActual
Aug 6, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Sep 30, 2026
CompletionEst.
Oct 31, 2026
Last update
Aug 12, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 12, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07760363
Lead sponsor
David McVay
Responsible party
David McVay (Primary Investigator - Hospitalist Physician - Sponsor, Hillcrest) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Aug 12, 2026
Start date
Aug 6, 2026
Primary completion
Sep 30, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 31, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 12, 2026

Study contacts

David W McVay, DO
Contact
davidwilliammcvay@gmail.com
918-376-0107
Dorene Taqi
Contact
dorene.taqi@hillcrest.com
918-579-1072
David McVay, DO
principal investigator · Hillcrest

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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