ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07644286Updated Jun 12, 2026

A Phase II Study of Pirfenidone Plus PD-1 Inhibitor With or Without Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Refractory pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer

A Phase 2 interventional study of Pirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor and hypofractionated radiotherapy in Colorectal Cancer (CRC), sponsored by Tao Zhang. Recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-12.

Sponsored by Tao Zhang · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 6 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Dec 2025, registered Jun 2026).
  • Started Dec 2025; still recruiting 11 months later.

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Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
48
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 1,134 studies in Colorectal Neoplasms with a site in China — 526 open to participants now, 603 under way, 67 of them phase 3. Colorectal Neoplasms · China.

Planned enrollment
583rd of 889
48 · median 80
Started
2025
with 124 others
Phase 2
348 of 1,134
176 open now
Primary completion
2027-01
later than 351 of 602 live
Registered
1,082nd of 1,134
by date

Among the 1,134 studies in Colorectal Neoplasms with a site in China, this one is the 583rd largest by planned enrollment of the 889 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 125 that started in 2025, is one of 348 in phase 2, reaches primary completion later than 351 of the 602 other live ones, and was the 1,082nd registered.

Colorectal Neoplasms

6,545 studies on the registry are indexed under Colorectal Neoplasms; 1,664 are open to participants now.

Browse Colorectal Neoplasms studies →

Open to participants now

526 of the 1,134 studies in Colorectal Neoplasms with a site in China are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

521 more — sign in →

All 526 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in China have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in China →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,181 Colorectal Neoplasms studies recruiting now, 764 (65%) set no upper age limit and 264 (22%) stop at 75 or younger; 48 take children under 18; 123 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 75 Years · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pirfenidone and PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with or without hypofractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced refractory pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer patients.

03

Conditions studied

  • Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Written must be provided, and the patient must be able to comply with the visit schedule and procedures outlined in the protocol.
  2. Age ≥ 18 years and ≤ 75 years, regardless of gender.
  3. or cytologically confirmed, unresectable locally advanced or pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer.
  4. Patients must have progressed on standard therapy, be unsuitable for standard therapy due to intolerable toxicity, have no available standard therapy, or have refused standard therapy.
  5. Baseline* hematology tests (within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug) must meet the following criteria: ≥ 90 g/L (without transfusion or erythropoietin support within 7 days prior to blood sampling).

(ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L (without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support within 7 days prior to blood sampling). count ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L (without transfusion support within 7 days prior to blood sampling).Eosinophil count ≤ 1.5 × .

9.Throughout the protocol, "baseline" is defined as the last available observation prior to the first dose of the study drug. Patients must not have received any blood products or hematopoietic growth factor support within 7 days prior to the blood sample collection.

10.Baseline serum biochemistry tests (within 7 days prior to the first dose) must meet the following criteria:Total ≤ 1.5 × ULN (if total bilirubin is >1.5 × ULN, direct bilirubin must be ≤ ULN for inclusion). (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 3 × ULN.

Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 × ULN or Calculated (CrCl) ≥ 45 mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault formula and actual body weight).Albumin ≥ 30 g/L.

11.Baseline coagulation tests (within 7 days prior to the first dose) must meet the following criteria: (INR) ≤ 1.5 × ULN (or ≤ 3 × ULN if on a stable dose of anticoagulant therapy).Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) or Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN (or ≤ 3 × ULN if on a stable dose of anticoagulant therapy).

12.Baseline urinalysis (within 7 days prior to the first dose) must meet the following criterion: Urine Protein (UPRO) \< 2+ or 24-hour urinary protein quantification \< 1 g.

13.At least one as defined by v1.1 criteria. 14. Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0 or 1. 15. ≥ 3 months. 16.Male patients with partners of and female patients of must agree to use highly effective throughout the treatment period and for 6 months thereafter.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. All colorectal cancer patients must have confirmed MSS/pMMR status; patients with MSI-H/dMMR are excluded.
  2. History of to any study drug components, including inhibitors and pirfenidone.
  3. Female patients who are pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant within 6 months after the last dose of the study drug.
  4. Known history or presence of active seizure disorder, active central nervous system , spinal cord compression, carcinomatous meningitis, or . Patients with newly identified brain or leptomeningeal metastases are excluded.
  5. Significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases with clinical importance.
  6. History of allergic predisposition, asthma, or atopic dermatitis.
  7. Patients with massive pleural effusion or massive ascites.
  8. Active disease requiring systemic treatment (e.g., disease-modifying agents, , or ) within the past 2 years prior to the first dose. Replacement therapy is not considered systemic treatment.
  9. Known history of allogeneic organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  10. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to the study drugs or any of their .
  11. History of significant toxicity related to prior immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or pirfenidone treatment that led to permanent discontinuation of the drug.
  12. Presence of unresolved > Grade 1 toxicities (except for persistent Grade 2 alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, decreased , or hypomagnesemia) from any prior anticancer therapy.
  13. Active uncontrolled bleeding, known bleeding tendency, severe non-healing wounds, ulcers, fractures, or conditions such as esophageal/gastric varices requiring immediate intervention, or portal hypertension with high bleeding risk per investigator's assessment.
  14. History of intestinal obstruction (except if surgically cured or fully resolved) or risk of gastrointestinal perforation within 28 days prior to the first study dose.
  15. Current or recent (within 6 months) significant gastrointestinal disorders, including:

    1. History of GI bleeding,
    2. Active peptic ulcer disease,
    3. ≥ Grade 2 diarrhea within 2 weeks prior to the first study dose.
  16. Gastrointestinal diseases or prior surgeries that may affect the absorption of oral pirfenidone; uncontrolled tumor-related pain or symptomatic hypercalcemia.
  17. Known positive status, active , , tuberculosis, or history of such infections. Exceptions include:

    • Patients positive for HBsAg or HBcAb with HBV DNA ≤ 2.5×10³ copies/mL or ≤ 500 IU/mL or below the detection limit.
    • Patients with positive HCV serology but undetectable HCV RNA.
    • Patients who have received HCV treatment with undetectable viral load.
  18. Severe/active/uncontrolled infection, infection requiring IV antibiotics, or unexplained fever (>38°C) within 2 weeks prior to the first study dose.
  19. Diagnosis of another within 5 years prior to the first dose, with exceptions for adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, or localized prostate/thyroid cancer treated with curative intent.
  20. Prohibited treatments prior to enrollment:

    • Chemotherapy or small-molecule targeted therapy within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter) before the first study dose, with unresolved delayed toxicity.
    • Monoclonal antibody therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.
    • Participation in any interventional clinical trial involving medical devices or other therapies within 2 weeks prior to the first study dose.
    • Palliative radiotherapy within 2 weeks prior to the first study dose.
    • for infectious disease prevention within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.
    • Immunosuppressive or systemic steroid therapy (>10 mg/day prednisone equivalent) within 2 weeks prior to the first study dose.
    • Unstable anticoagulation control, thrombotic events, pulmonary embolism, or clinically significant bleeding within 6 months.
    • Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the first study dose.
  21. Any condition, therapy, laboratory abnormality, history of substance abuse, or current situation that may compromise patient safety, interfere with , affect compliance, or confound safety assessment of the study drug per investigator's judgment.
  22. Patients deemed unsuitable for clinical trial participation by the investigator.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(32)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Histologically or cytologically confirmed

The diagnosis was confirmed by looking at a sample under a microscope: tissue from a biopsy or surgery (histology), or cells from a fluid or needle sample (cytology).

Your pathology report is the document that shows this.

Metastases

Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)

The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.

It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.

Platelets

Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

Bilirubin

A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.

Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.

INR, PT and aPTT (clotting tests)

Blood tests of how long blood takes to clot. The INR is the prothrombin time (PT) put on a common scale; about 1 is usual for someone not taking a blood thinner.

Criteria often make an exception for people on a blood thinner such as warfarin, whose INR is raised on purpose.

Measurable disease

The amount of disease can be tracked with a defined measurement, so the study can see whether it shrinks or grows. It might be a tumour measured on a scan or, in some blood cancers such as myeloma, a marker measured in blood or urine.

The criteria or the study team say which measurement counts — having no tumour visible on a scan does not by itself rule you out.

RECIST

The standard rules for measuring tumours on CT or MRI scans, to tell whether a cancer is shrinking, stable or growing during treatment.

“Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1” usually means at least one tumour 10 mm or more at its longest on a CT scan, or a lymph node 15 mm or more across its short axis.

ECOG performance status

A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.

0
Fully active, no restrictions.
1
Limited in strenuous activity, but walking and able to do light work, such as housework or office work.
2
Walking and able to look after yourself, but unable to work; up and about more than half of waking hours.
3
Able to look after yourself only in part; in bed or a chair more than half of waking hours.
4
Unable to look after yourself at all; in bed or a chair all day.

Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Reproductive potential

Able to have children. For women this usually means from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery; for men, unless permanently sterile. Read who the line is about — participants, women, men, or their partners.

Criteria about it usually ask for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Childbearing potential

Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).

Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

PD-1, PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitors

PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are proteins that act as brakes on the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab, block them so the immune system can attack a cancer.

PD-L1 can also be measured in a tumour sample. Some scores count stained tumour cells only (TPS); others also count certain immune cells (CPS). The study names the score and the minimum it uses.

Leptomeningeal disease

Cancer that has spread to the leptomeninges, the thin layers covering the brain and spinal cord, and the fluid between them. It is not the same as brain metastases.

Criteria often treat it separately, and many studies leave it out even where treated brain metastases are allowed.

Autoimmune disease

A condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease.

Immunotherapy studies often leave out active autoimmune disease, and some name exceptions, such as thyroid disease on replacement hormone. Check the exceptions this study lists.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Allogeneic and autologous transplant

Stem cell (bone marrow) transplants. Allogeneic uses cells from a donor; autologous uses your own cells, collected earlier and given back.

Excipients

The other ingredients in a medicine besides the active drug, such as fillers, colours or preservatives.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.

Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.

Hepatitis B tests

Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. These are separate tests: HBsAg positive usually means a current infection (a recent vaccination can briefly cause it too); total anti-HBc (HBcAb) positive means an infection now or in the past; HBV DNA measures how much virus is in the blood.

Some studies accept a past infection if HBV DNA is undetectable, sometimes with antiviral medicine during the study. Check what this study allows.

Hepatitis C tests

Hepatitis C is a virus that infects the liver. An HCV antibody test can stay positive after an infection has cleared (and is occasionally positive without one); an HCV RNA test shows whether the virus is there now.

After treatment, hepatitis C counts as cured when HCV RNA is still undetectable 12 weeks or more after the treatment ended. Studies often accept people cured this way.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

Live vaccines

Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
48 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Pirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor and hypofractionated radiotherapy

    Patients will receive a PD-1 inhibitor (200 mg, intravenously, every 3 weeks) in combination with oral pirfenidone. The dose of pirfenidone will be up-titrated as follows: from days 1 to 14 at 200 mg three times daily (TID); from days 15 to 29 at 400 mg TID; and from day 30 onwards at a maintenance dose of 600 mg TID. Pirfenidone will be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, patients will undergo hypofractionated radiotherapy to the metastatic site(s) with a dose of 5 to 8 Gy per fraction for a total of 5 consecutive fractions.

    Drug: Pirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor · Radiation: hypofractionated radiotherapy

  • Experimental
    Pirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor

    Patients will receive a PD-1 inhibitor (200 mg, intravenously, every 3 weeks) in combination with oral pirfenidone. The dose of pirfenidone will be up-titrated as follows: from days 1 to 14 at 200 mg three times daily (TID); from days 15 to 29 at 400 mg TID; and from day 30 onwards at a maintenance dose of 600 mg TID. Pirfenidone will be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

    Drug: Pirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor

Interventions

  • DrugPirfenidone in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor

    The PD-1 inhibitor will be administered intravenously at 200 mg every 3 weeks. Pirfenidone dosing will follow an escalating regimen: 200 mg orally three times daily, 400 mg orally three times daily, and 600 mg orally three times daily.

  • Radiationhypofractionated radiotherapy

    hypofractionated radiotherapy

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Progression Free Survival(PFS)

    Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from the initiation of study treatment to the first occurrence of disease progression or death from any cause, whichever comes first.

    Time frame: an expected average of 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Overall Survival

    The time from the date of randomization to the death caused by any cause

    Time frame: an expected average of 5 years

  2. Objective Response Rate

    The proportion of patients in a study cohort whose best overall response achieves either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR), as defined by standardized oncologic criteria (such as RECIST 1.1), during the course of the treatment period.

    Time frame: an expected average of 2 years

  3. dverse events (AEs) were graded according to the NCI CTCAE version 5·0

    Adverse events and surgical safety

    Time frame: an expected average of 1.5 years

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Dec 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jan 2027, 13 months after the start.

Of 498 non-industry phase 2 interventional studies under Colorectal Neoplasms, half reached primary completion within 55 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 33 and three quarters within 75. This study's planned 13 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 618 studies reached it within 49 months; a quarter within 31 and three quarters within 75.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 8, 2026
First posted
Jun 12, 2026
StartActual
Dec 1, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Jan 25, 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 25, 2027
Last update
Jun 12, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 12, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07644286
Lead sponsor
Tao Zhang
Responsible party
Tao Zhang (MD, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Jun 12, 2026
Start date
Dec 1, 2025
Primary completion
Jan 25, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 25, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 12, 2026

Study contacts

Zhenyu Lin, MD
Contact
whxhlzy@hust.edu.cn
027-83262683
Tao Zhang, MD
principal investigator · Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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