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RecruitingNCT07467382GOATUpdated Sep 15, 2026

GOAT (Gait Observation of Achilles Tendon)

An observational study in Spastic Paresis, Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury, sponsored by Nantes University Hospital. Recruiting at 1 site in France. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-15.

Sponsored by Nantes University Hospital · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jun 2026; still recruiting 5 months later.

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Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
60
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 543 studies in Stroke with a site in France — 141 open to participants now, 160 under way, 12 of them phase 3. Stroke · France.

Planned enrollment
135th of 173
60 · median 180
Started
2026
with 29 others
Observational
175 of 543
34 open now
Primary completion
2027-12
later than 103 of 159 live
Registered
528th of 543
by date

Among the 543 studies in Stroke with a site in France, this one is the 135th largest by planned enrollment of the 173 observational ones that give a count, is one of 30 that started in 2026, is one of 175 observational ones, reaches primary completion later than 103 of the 159 other live ones, and was the 528th registered.

Stroke

8,268 studies on the registry are indexed under Stroke; 2,062 are open to participants now.

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Open to participants now

141 of the 543 studies in Stroke with a site in France are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

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All 141 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in France have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in France →

Who these studies take

Of the 1,418 Stroke studies recruiting now, 696 (49%) set no upper age limit and 282 (20%) stop at 75 or younger; 77 take children under 18; 196 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · healthy volunteers too.

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02

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon (stiffness, length, volume) and the force production capacities of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle in patients with spastic paresis (post-stroke or incomplete spinal cord injury) compared to healthy subjects, during gait.

Read the detailed description

Spastic paresis alters the physiological muscle-tendon interaction during gait. Previous observations suggest that specific gait deviations, such as equinus and non-equinus patterns, are primarily driven by adaptations in the Achilles tendon behavior rather than the muscle belly structure. This observational, prospective study aims to characterize the determinants of these gait patterns by specifically investigating the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon (stiffness, length, volume) relative to the force production capacities of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle (voluntary activation, volume).

A total of 60 participants will be recruited: 20 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, 20 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, and 20 age-, gender-, and morphologically matched healthy controls. Neurological participants will be stratified into "equinus" or "non-equinus" cohorts based on their ankle kinematics during the terminal stance phase of gait.

The study protocol consists of a single evaluation session per participant, comprising three main assessments:

Force and Tendon Mechanics Evaluation: Conducted on an isokinetic dynamometer. Passive mobilization and isometric plantar flexion contractions (submaximal and maximal) will be performed. The twitch interpolation technique, using superimposed electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve, will be applied to assess the voluntary activation level of the GM. Concurrently, an ultrasound probe placed on the GM myotendinous junction will track tissue displacement to calculate Achilles tendon stiffness.

Synchronized 3D Gait Analysis: Participants will perform several walking trials in a motion analysis laboratory. Three-dimensional kinematics (reflective markers), muscle activity (surface electromyography on lower limb muscles), and real-time muscle-tendon behavior (ultrasound imaging of the calf) will be recorded synchronously to evaluate the in vivo behavior of the muscle-tendon unit.

3D Ultrasound Acquisition: A free-hand 3D ultrasound sweep of the GM muscle and Achilles tendon will be performed with the participant in a prone position to reconstruct and measure tissue volumes and lengths.

The primary outcome is the Young's modulus of the Achilles tendon. Secondary outcomes include structural parameters (length and volume) and maximal voluntary activation. Statistical analyses will compare these parameters across the equinus, non-equinus, and healthy control groups.

03

Conditions studied

  • Spastic Paresis
  • Stroke
  • Spinal Cord Injury

Keywords

  • Achilles tendon
  • Gait analysis
  • Ultrasound
  • Muscle-tendon interaction
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

A maximum of 60 subjects will be included. Twenty will be post-stroke patients with hemiparesis, 20 will be post-incomplete spinal cord injury patients, and 20 will be healthy subjects.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Study population:

  • Cognitive abilities compatible with the experiment: no language or judgement disorders preventing understanding of the research or expression of consent. An aphasia severity score greater than or equal to 3 on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) scale will be required for inclusion.

Post-stroke population:

  • Adult male or female
  • Patient who has had a stroke > 7 days ago
  • Patient hospitalised (in conventional hospitalisation or day hospital) in the neurological physical and medical rehabilitation department of Nantes University Hospital
  • Patients with voluntary motor function rated between 2 and 4 on the MRC (Medical Research Council) scale at the GM level
  • Patients classified as 3 to 8 on the New Functional Ambulation Classification
  • Indication to perform a quantified gait analysis as part of clinical management

Post-spinal cord injury population:

  • Adult men or women
  • Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury graded ASIA AIS C or D from C2 to L5
  • Patients hospitalised (in conventional hospitalisation or day hospital) in the neurological physical and occupational therapy department of Nantes University Hospital
  • Patients with voluntary motor function rated between 2 and 4 on the MRC (Medical Research Council) scale at GM level
  • Patients rated 13-20 on the WISCI-II scale
  • Indication for a quantified gait analysis as part of clinical care

Healthy population:

  • Adult men or women with no nervous system disorders.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Post-stroke and post-spinal cord injury population:

  • Minors;
  • History of calf surgery, surgery to reduce triceps surae spasticity, or intramuscular injection (e.g. botulinum toxin) in the plantar flexors \< 6 months;
  • Patients with a progressive condition that contraindicates exertion (syrinx, cardiovascular instability);
  • Peripheral pathology of the lower limb in question.

Healthy population:

  • History of calf surgery;
  • History of muscle injury, fracture or sprain of the lower limb \< 3 months;
  • History of neurological condition.
05

Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Equinus pattern

    Patients with stroke or incomplete spinal cord injury exhibiting an equinus gait pattern (excessive plantar flexion in terminal stance).

    Diagnostic Test: 3D Gait Analysis · Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound · Diagnostic Test: Dynamometry

  • Non-equinus pattern

    Patients with stroke or incomplete spinal cord injury exhibiting a non-equinus gait.

    Diagnostic Test: 3D Gait Analysis · Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound · Diagnostic Test: Dynamometry

  • Healthy controls

    Age, gender, height, and weight-matched individuals without neurological pathology.

    Diagnostic Test: 3D Gait Analysis · Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound · Diagnostic Test: Dynamometry

Interventions

  • Diagnostic test3D Gait Analysis

    Evaluation includes maximal and sub-maximal isometric plantar flexion on a dynamometer with electrical stimulation, 3D quantified gait analysis synchronized with surface electromyography and ultrasound, and 3D ultrasound volume acquisition.

  • Diagnostic testUltrasound

    Evaluation includes maximal and sub-maximal isometric plantar flexion on a dynamometer with electrical stimulation, 3D quantified gait analysis synchronized with surface electromyography and ultrasound, and 3D ultrasound volume acquisition.

  • Diagnostic testDynamometry

    Evaluation includes maximal and sub-maximal isometric plantar flexion on a dynamometer with electrical stimulation, 3D quantified gait analysis synchronized with surface electromyography and ultrasound, and 3D ultrasound volume acquisition.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Achilles Tendon Young's Modulus

    Young's modulus of the Achilles tendon (in kPa) measured at 3% tendon strain using ultrasound and dynamometry.

    Time frame: Day 1 (Baseline)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Achilles Tendon and Gastrocnemius Medialis Length and Volume

    Length and volume reconstructed via 3D ultrasound using 3DSlicer software.

    Time frame: Day 1 (Baseline)

  2. Gastrocnemius Medialis Voluntary Activation

    Maximal voluntary activation measured using the twitch interpolation technique.

    Time frame: Day 1 (Baseline)

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jun 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2027, 18 months after the start.

Of 837 non-industry observational studies under Stroke, half reached primary completion within 41 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 92. This study's planned 18 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 899 studies reached it within 40 months; a quarter within 18 and three quarters within 85.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 9, 2026
First posted
Mar 12, 2026
StartActual
Jun 1, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Dec 1, 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 1, 2027
Last update
Sep 15, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 15, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07467382
Collaborators
Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance (MIP)
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 12, 2026
Start date
Jun 1, 2026
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 1, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 15, 2026

Study contacts

Thomas Lecharte
Contact
thomas.lecharte@chu-nantes.fr
02 44 76 89 89 ext. +33
Sponsor department
Contact
bp-prom-regl@chu-nantes.fr

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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