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RecruitingNCT07419360DRAIN-ITUpdated Apr 30, 2026

DRAIN: DRainage in Acute Decompensated Heart faIlure With Pleural effusioNs

An interventional study of Thoracentesis in Congestive Heart Failure(CHF) and Pleural Effusion Due to Congestive Heart Failure, sponsored by Albany Medical College. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-30.

Sponsored by Albany Medical College · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
216
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this study is to assess if removal of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion) by a routine procedure called as thoracentesis is helpful to decrease shortness of breath in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure and have pleural effusion.

Researchers will compare thoracentesis with medical therapy to medical therapy alone to see if one treatment is superior to the other treatment in relieving shortness of breath.

Participants will :

  1. Receive medical therapy with or without thoracentesis
  2. Record degree of shortness of breath and quality of life before and after the intervention using predefined standard scales.
  3. Telephonic call for 15- 30 mins at day 14 and 30 after enrollment to assess shortness of breath and quality of life
Read the detailed description

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the most common cause of pleural effusions.The presence of clinically significant pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with CHF has been associated with increased hospital length of stay and mortality.The treatment of CHF-related pleural effusion (CHF-PE) typically involves heart failure management such as diuresis. The role of therapeutic thoracentesis in managing heart failure-related effusions is not well established. There is only one randomized controlled trial that assessed the effect of therapeutic thoracentesis in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤45%) and a sizable pleural effusion. This study showed that upfront large volume thoracentesis in addition to medical therapy did not result in improved outcomes, including median days alive out of the hospital over 90 days, hospital length of stay, mortality, or quality of life. However, this trial excluded patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Few studies show that HFpEF is a more common and prevalent cause of heart failure-related pleural effusion as compared to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

In this randomized controlled trial, the investigators will compare the clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure and pleural effusion who receive therapeutic thoracentesis in addition to medical therapy as compared to the no thoracentesis group.

Primary objective of this study is to assess the effect of upfront therapeutic thoracentesis in addition to the medical therapy in hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure and moderate to large effusion on degree of dyspnea relief as measured by VAS score

Secondary objectives are to examine the effect of thoracentesis on secondary outcomes such as index hospital length of stay, 90-day hospital free survival, quality of life, hospital readmission rate at 90 days and complications related to thoracentesis.

02

Conditions studied

  • Congestive Heart Failure(CHF)
  • Pleural Effusion Due to Congestive Heart Failure

Keywords

  • congestive heart failure
  • pleural effusion
  • dyspnea
  • hospital length of stay
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Adult patients age >18 years and.
  • Clinical diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure with at least one clinical sign of volume overload (e.g., peripheral edema, pleural effusion, or ascites) and
  • Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography performed during the time of index hospitalization or within 3 months prior to enrollment and
  • Serum NT-proBNP level of >1000 pg/ml or Serum BNP>250 pg/ml at the time of enrollment and
  • Radiographic evidence of moderate to large pleural effusion, defined as pleural fluid occupying more than 1/3rd of the hemithorax on chest X-ray.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical indication for diagnostic thoracentesis - Presence of fever, clinical signs of infection, or atypical pleural effusion for CHF (unilateral left-sided effusion, findings suggestive of malignancy, infection, or alternative etiologies) or.
  • Loculated pleural effusion - Evidence of loculated pleural effusion on thoracic ultrasound, as defined as the presence of septations or complex homogenous echogenic fluid (see Imaging Assessment section) or.
  • Clinical indication for therapeutic thoracentesis - Presence of massive pleural effusion with acute respiratory failure requiring positive pressure ventilation, high-flow oxygen therapy (>15 liters per minute of flow), or tension hydrothorax (massive effusion with mediastinal shift and hemodynamic compromise) or.
  • Contraindication to thoracentesis, uncontrolled bleeding diathesis, or irreversible INR > 2.0 and platelet count \<50,000 or.
  • Patient with mechanical mitral valve, where anticoagulation cannot be safely held or.
  • Pleural procedure, such as but not limited to thoracentesis, chest tube placement, or thoracoscopy, within 3 months prior to enrollment or.
  • Cardiac or thoracic surgery within 3 months prior to enrollment or.
  • Requirement for chronic renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or.
  • Pregnancy or
  • Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent, or current incarceration (prisoners).
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
216 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Interventional

    Thoracentesis and medical therapy

    Procedure: Thoracentesis

  • No intervention
    Medical Therapy

    Only medical therapy

Interventions

  • ProcedureThoracentesis

    pleural fluid will be removed

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Dyspnea

    Degree of dyspnea will be assessed as by using a validated 100 mm visual analog scale in participants of both groups. Dyspnea will be assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS consisted of a horizontal straight line with endpoints defining extreme limits, with the left end marked as "no trouble" (0 mm) and the right end as "very much trouble" (100 mm). A higher VAS score indicated more severe dyspnea. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was defined as ≥ 14 mm improvement on this 100 mm scale, adapted from the established 24-hour VAS dyspnea threshold for clinical practicality in our setting.

    Time frame: 30 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Proportion of patients achieved clinically significant decrease in mean VAS dyspnea score

    Proportion of patients achieved clinically significant decrease in mean VAS dyspnea score over the first 30 days after the enrollment

    Time frame: 30 days

  2. Bendopnea

    Patient will be instructed to bend forward at the waist and aim to touch ankles and maintain this position for 60 seconds. Patient will inform the investigator as soon as the dyspnea occurs, and the time of onset of bendopnoea and degree of dyspnea will be recorded.

    Time frame: 5 days

  3. Quality of life- KCCQ12

    The investigators will use Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12) to assess quality of life. This is based on 12 questions. Score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher score means better health.

    Time frame: 30 days

  4. Hospital free day at day 90

    Number of hospital-free days at day 90 post-randomization, defined as the total number of days alive and not hospitalized from the date of randomization to 90 days

    Time frame: 90 days

  5. All-cause mortality

    All cause mortality

    Time frame: 90 days

  6. Adverse events

    Complications related to thoracentesis (Hemothorax, pneumothorax, need for additional pleural procedures) or medical therapy.

    Time frame: upto 30 days

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Albany Medical Center
    Albany, New York 12211, United States
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07419360
Lead sponsor
Albany Medical College
Responsible party
Amit Chopra (Professor of Medicine, Albany Medical College) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 19, 2026
Start date
Feb 15, 2026
Primary completion
Feb 2029 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 2029 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 30, 2026

Study contacts

Amit Chopra, MD
Contact
chopraa1@amc.edu
646-266-9476

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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