An observational study in Frozen Shoulder, Central Sensitisation and Treatment, sponsored by Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-31.
Sponsored by Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital · Observational
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and central sensitization levels in patients who received intra-articular injections for frozen shoulder.
Patients who underwent ultrasound-guided glenohumeral intra-articular injection with a diagnosis of frozen shoulder at Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with a score of 40 or higher on theCentral Sensitization Inventory
Other: Treatment outcome
Patients with a score below 40 on the Central Sensitization Inventory
Other: Treatment outcome
Patients will be evaluated for their central sensitization scores before the injection, the pain they experienced during the injection 1 hour after the injection, their daytime and nighttime pain intensity before and 1 month after the injection, their pain thresholds for tactile sensation around the shoulder, and their pain and disability levels.
Presence of Central Sensitization
Patients' levels of central sensitization will be assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). The CSI consists of 25 items, each scored from 0 to 1. A score of 40 or higher indicates the presence of central sensitization.
Time frame: Baseline
Post-injection pain severity of patients
Patients will be questioned about their post-injection pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A 10-cm-long horizontal straight line will be used for VAS assessment. 0 is considered no pain, and 10 is considered the most severe pain.
Time frame: Baseline
Patients' daytime pain severity
Patients will be questioned about their daytime pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A 10-cm-long horizontal straight line will be used for the VAS assessment. 0 is considered no pain, and 10 is considered the most severe pain. Daytime pain intensity will be measured at each assessment as the average pain intensity over the past 48 hours. Daytime pain is measured as the average pain experienced while performing daily routine tasks.
Time frame: Baseline
Patients' nighttime pain severity
Patients will be questioned about their nighttime pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS). A 10-cm-long horizontal straight line is used for the VAS assessment. 0 is considered no pain, and 10 is considered the most severe pain. Nighttime pain intensity is measured as the average of the pain intensity experienced over the last 48 hours at each assessment. Nighttime pain is questioned as pain upon awakening from sleep or shoulder pain that awakens the patient from sleep.
Time frame: Baseline
Pressure pain threshold around the shoulder
Patients' shoulder-area pressure pain thresholds will be assessed using a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimeter®). Patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured at the midpoint of the bilateral trapezius muscle, the midpoint of the supraspinatus muscle, the midpoint of the deltoid muscle, and the midpoint of the volar aspect of both forearms. During measurement, the 1.52 cm2 flat circular probe of the algometer will be placed on the affected area, and the pressure will be increased at a rate of 1 kg/second. Patients will be asked to report the first time they experience pain. The value for each reference area will be obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the paired measurements.
Time frame: Baseline
Shoulder-related disability and activities of daily living
Shoulder-related disability and activities of daily living will be assessed using the The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The SPADI is a 13-item patient completed instrument. Its categories include "pain" (5 items) and "disability" (8 items), with the total score often described as a percentage, resulting from the summation of each component. Overall total scores range from 0 to 130 with a percentage score of 0 indicating less shoulder disability and 100 indicating more shoulder dysfunction.
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: Yes — If requested, the data of the study will be shared by the researchers.
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This study is completed, as verified in Dec 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital