An interventional study of vision training system, VTS in Myopia, Visual Rehabilitation and Perceptual Learning, sponsored by National Taiwan University Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 10 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-14.
Sponsored by National Taiwan University Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This exploratory study investigates whether perceptual learning using blurred Gabor stimuli can improve uncorrected distance visual acuity in children aged 6-10 years with low myopia. Participants will be randomly assigned to a training group or control group. The training group will undergo individualized visual perceptual learning through a digital Vision Training System (VTS) for approximately 3 months. The study will also evaluate changes in refraction, contrast sensitivity, visual crowding, Chinese reading acuity with eye movements, and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEPs).
Perceptual learning (PL) is a non-invasive approach that enhances visual function through repeated visual tasks. Prior studies have demonstrated its potential in treating amblyopia and age-related visual decline. However, its application in children with low myopia remains underexplored.
This study has two main objectives:
To examine the effect of perceptual learning using blurred Gabor stimuli on uncorrected distance visual acuity in children with low myopia.
To investigate whether such training also improves refraction, contrast sensitivity, visual crowding, reading vision with eye movement patterns, and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEPs).
Thirty children aged 6-10 years with spherical equivalent refractive errors between -0.50 and -1.25 diopters (including ≤ -0.75 diopters of astigmatism) will be enrolled. Participants will be randomized into a training group or control group. The training group will undergo approximately 20 sessions of individualized visual perceptual learning using the Vision Training System (VTS), developed in collaboration with Bar Ilan University.
Outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention, and at follow-up points up to 12 months. Measures include visual acuity, refractive status, contrast sensitivity (CSV-1000E), crowding acuity (FrACT), Chinese reading visual acuity (with Tobii eye tracking), and sVEPs.
1,159 studies on the registry are indexed under Myopia; 225 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 30 is below the median of 78 across 923 interventional studies indexed under Myopia.
Browse Myopia studies →National Taiwan University Hospital is the lead sponsor of 2,615 studies on the registry; 576 are open to participants now.
Of its 11 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 2 (18%) have results posted.
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Experimental and Control Group
Inclusion Criteria:
Not currently undergoing any of the four standard myopia control treatments for children:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants will be excluded if they have any of the following ophthalmologic conditions:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Children aged 4-10 years with low myopia will receive a structured visual perceptual learning (VPL) intervention using computerized blurred Gabor discrimination tasks. Training will be conducted at least twice per week, with each session lasting approximately 15-30 minutes, for up to 3 months. Training parameters will be remotely monitored and adjusted based on individual progress. Participants will undergo baseline, post-training, and follow-up assessments of uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, contrast sensitivity, visual crowding, Chinese reading visual acuity, eye movement performance, and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP).
Behavioral: vision training system, VTS
Children aged 4-10 years with low myopia who meet the same inclusion and exclusion criteria will not receive the VPL training during the study period. They will undergo the same schedule of baseline, post-study, and follow-up assessments as the experimental group, including evaluations of uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, contrast sensitivity, visual crowding, Chinese reading visual acuity, eye movement performance, and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP).
Participants in this group will receive individualized visual perceptual learning using the Vision Training System (VTS). The training involves blurred Gabor stimuli presented via a computer-based application. Each participant will complete approximately 20 training sessions over 3 months, with each session lasting 15 to 30 minutes, conducted twice per week. The program is designed to enhance uncorrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and other visual functions by engaging neural mechanisms related to perceptual learning. Training progression is adaptive based on individual performance. The VTS software was developed in collaboration with Bar Ilan University.
Change in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) From Baseline
Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) will be measured using the ETDRS or Snellen chart at a distance of 3 meters under standardized lighting conditions. The change in BCVA from baseline to post-training will be assessed.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Change in Spherical Equivalent Refraction (Diopters) From Baseline
Spherical equivalent refraction will be measured using both automated and subjective refraction methods. Changes in spherical equivalent diopters will be assessed and compared between groups.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Change in Contrast Sensitivity Across Spatial Frequencies From Baseline
Contrast sensitivity will be measured using the CSV-1000E test at a distance of 2.5 meters, assessing spatial frequencies at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd). Changes from baseline will be evaluated.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Change in Visual Crowding Acuity From Baseline
Visual crowding acuity will be assessed using the Freiburg Vision Test (FrACT) before and after the training program. Changes from baseline will be evaluated.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Change in Reading Visual Acuity and Eye Movement Parameters From Baseline
Reading visual acuity and eye movements will be assessed using a custom Chinese reading test for children. Eye movements will be recorded using a Tobii eye tracker. Measured metrics include critical print size, maximum reading speed, and maximum reading acuity. Changes from baseline will be evaluated.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Change in Visual Acuity Measured by Sweep Visual Evoked Potentials (sVEP) From Baseline
Objective visual acuity will be measured using the sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP) technique. Neural responses will be compared between pre- and post-training assessments to evaluate changes in visual acuity.
Time frame: From enrollment to 12 months after completion of the 3-month training program
Plan to share: No
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