CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT07072819Updated Jun 30, 2026Results posted

Pilot of Training on 988 and Narcan

An interventional study of Crisis Ready Training in Suicide, Overdose Accidental and Overdose Antidote, sponsored by RAND. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-30.

Sponsored by RAND · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
27
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This pilot study evaluates the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of a new crisis response training called Crisis Ready.

Read the detailed description

The study team conducted formative work to develop a new crisis response training for people involved in a law-enforcement assisted diversion program. The training, called Crisis Ready, combines an intervention that aims to promote use of 988 with a training on the use of Naloxone to reverse and overdose. The pilot aims to collect quantitative and qualitative data about the perceptions of the training among program participants and program staff.

02

Conditions studied

  • Suicide
  • Overdose Accidental
  • Overdose Antidote
  • Crisis Response Plan

Keywords

  • suicide
  • overdose
  • 988
  • naloxone
03

In context

Suicide

701 studies on the registry are indexed under Suicide; 183 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 27 is below the median of 104 across 560 interventional studies indexed under Suicide.

Browse Suicide studies →

Lead sponsor

RAND is the lead sponsor of 110 studies on the registry; 6 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Participates in the Baltimore Crisis Response, Inc Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion Program
  • Capacity to give informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to understand English
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
27 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Crisis Ready Training

    This is an open label pilot of a new psychoeducational Intervention called the Crisis Ready Training. The intervention combines Crisis Line Facilitation and Take Home Naloxone trainings.

    Behavioral: Crisis Ready Training

Interventions

  • BehavioralCrisis Ready Training

    Crisis Ready Training combines Crisis Line Facilitation with Take Home Naloxone training. The intervention is delivered in a group format.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Acceptability of Intervention Measure

    Participants' perspectives of the likability of the intervention. Scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of acceptability.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

  2. Intervention Appropriateness Measure

    Measures the fit of the intervention for the population. Scores range from 4 to 20 with higher scores indicating higher levels of appropriateness.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Perceptions of the Crisis Ready Training

    Participants rating of the quality of Crisis Ready and willingness to recommend the intervention to others

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

  2. Attitudes About 988

    Two-item assessments of comfort using 988 for oneself or others during a crisis. Responses are gathered from a Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (not comfortable at all) to 10 (totally comfortable). Higher scores indicate higher levels of comfort using 988 for self or others.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

  3. Perception of 988

    Perceptions of 988 utilization and couneslors

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

  4. Knowledge of Naloxone

    Author created measure of knowledge about how to administer naloxone and where to obtain naloxone.

    Time frame: Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

  5. Attitudes About Naloxone

    Four-item, author developed measures about comfort carrying and using naloxone in different circumstances. Responses are gathered from a Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (not comfortable at all) to 10 (totally comfortable). Higher scores indicate higher levels of comfort carrying and using naloxone in different circumstances.

    Time frame: Pre- and Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)

07

Results

Posted Mar 13, 2026
Limitations and caveats
This pilot study enrolled only 27 participants from one law enforcement assisted diversion program. Additionally, outcomes were observed only immediately after the intervention. Results should be interpreted in light of the small sample size, sampling bias, and lack of follow-up time points.

Participant flow

Participants were recruited from the Baltimore Crisis Response, Inc Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion Program.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneCrisis Ready Training
Started27
Completed23
Not completed4
Withdrew: Principal investigator decision4

Outcome measures

PrimaryAcceptability of Intervention Measure

Participants' perspectives of the likability of the intervention. Scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of acceptability.

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Acceptability of Intervention Measure
units on a scaleCrisis Ready Training
Acceptability of Intervention Measure17.74 ± 2.42
PrimaryIntervention Appropriateness Measure

Measures the fit of the intervention for the population. Scores range from 4 to 20 with higher scores indicating higher levels of appropriateness.

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Intervention Appropriateness Measure
units on a scaleCrisis Ready Training
Intervention Appropriateness Measure17.91 ± 2.39
SecondaryPerceptions of the Crisis Ready Training

Participants rating of the quality of Crisis Ready and willingness to recommend the intervention to others

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Perceptions of the Crisis Ready Training
ParticipantsCrisis Ready Training
Rated the intervention quality as good or excellent22
Would recommend the training to others20
SecondaryAttitudes About 988

Two-item assessments of comfort using 988 for oneself or others during a crisis. Responses are gathered from a Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (not comfortable at all) to 10 (totally comfortable). Higher scores indicate higher levels of comfort using 988 for self or others.

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Attitudes About 988
units on a scaleCrisis Ready Training
Comfort Contacting 988 for Self (pre-test)7.26 ± 2.56
Comfort Contacting 988 for Self (post-test)8.65 ± 2.17
Comfort Contacting 988 for Others (pre-test)7.87 ± 2.47
Comfort Contacting 988 for Others (post-test)8.78 ± 1.68
SecondaryPerception of 988

Perceptions of 988 utilization and couneslors

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Perception of 988
ParticipantsCrisis Ready Training
Agreed that they got a good sense of what it is like to call 98823
Agreed that the 988 counselor listened21
SecondaryKnowledge of Naloxone

Author created measure of knowledge about how to administer naloxone and where to obtain naloxone.

Time frame:
Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Knowledge of Naloxone
ParticipantsCrisis Ready Training
Know how to administer naloxone (pre-intervention)16
Know how to administer naloxone (post-intervention)22
Know where to get naloxone (pre-intervention)16
Know where to get naloxone (post-intervention)16
SecondaryAttitudes About Naloxone

Four-item, author developed measures about comfort carrying and using naloxone in different circumstances. Responses are gathered from a Likert-type scale that ranges from 0 (not comfortable at all) to 10 (totally comfortable). Higher scores indicate higher levels of comfort carrying and using naloxone in different circumstances.

Time frame:
Pre- and Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day)
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Attitudes About Naloxone
units on a scaleCrisis Ready Training
Comfort carrying naloxone (pre-intervention)6.96 ± 3.12
Comfort carrying naloxone (post-intervention)7.78 ± 2.68
Comfort carrying naloxone if using drugs (pre-intervention)7.39 ± 2.96
Comfort carrying naloxone if using drugs (post-intervention)8.30 ± 2.22
Comfort using naloxone to reverse an overdose (pre-intervention)6.74 ± 3.36
Comfort using naloxone to reverse an overdose (post-intervention)7.87 ± 3.31
Comfort showing others how to use naloxone (pre-intervention)6.74 ± 3.32
Comfort showing others how to use naloxone (post-intervention)8.39 ± 2.67

Adverse events

Collected over Pre- and Post-intervention (approximately 90 minutes on one day). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Crisis Ready Training0/23 (0%)0/23 (0%)0/23 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Customized
Age, Customized(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
<= 1823
Sex/Gender, Customized
Sex/Gender, Customized(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
Female4
Male19
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
Access to a cell phone
Access to a cell phone(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
Count of participants20
Heard of 988 Before Baseline
Heard of 988 Before Baseline(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
Count of participants12
Heard of Naloxone Before Baseline
Heard of Naloxone Before Baseline(Participants)Crisis Ready Training
Count of participants22
08

Study locations

1 site
  • Baltimore Crisis Response, Inc.
    Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol, analysis plan and consent form · Nov 3, 2025

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — De-identified quantitative data will be stored and shared by The National Center for Health and Criminal-Legal Systems Integration for Suicide Prevention.

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 30, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07072819
Lead sponsor
RAND
Collaborators
Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Brown University
Responsible party
Alison Athey (Behavioral Scientist, RAND) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 18, 2025
Start date
Jun 12, 2025
Primary completion
Jul 31, 2025
Completion
Jul 31, 2025
Results posted
Mar 13, 2026
Last update
Jun 30, 2026

Study contacts

Alison J Athey, PhD
principal investigator · RAND
Sapna Mendon-Plasek, PhD
principal investigator · RAND

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion