An interventional study of Visual-acoustic biofeedback for Sibilants in Speech Sound Disorder, sponsored by Montclair State University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 8 Years to 17 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-31.
Sponsored by Montclair State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of sibilant biofeedback treatment delivered via telepractice in six children ages 8:0-17;11 who present with distortions of /s/. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Following the initial evaluation, participants will be randomly assigned to transition from baseline to treatment at one of seven possible points, ranging from 4-10 baseline sessions in which /s/ production will be probed but not treated. All participants will then receive 20, 1-hour biofeedback treatment sessions over 10 weeks with a certified Speech-Language Pathologist via teletherapy, followed by three maintenance sessions.
Study 2 will evaluate children with residual speech sound disorder affecting /s/ (n = 6). Both male and female children will be recruited. Participants must be between 8;0 and 17;11 years of age at the time of enrollment.
Randomization. Following the initial evaluation to determine eligibility, participants will be randomly assigned to transition from the baseline to the treatment condition at one of 7 possible points, ranging from 4 to 10 baseline sessions in which /s/ production will be probed but not treated. All participants will then receive 20 sessions of /s/ production training over 10 weeks, followed by 3 maintenance sessions.
Intervention Delivery. All treatment will be provided on an individual basis by a certified speech-language pathologist. Treatment will be delivered over Zoom videoconference calls using a unique password-protected room for each participant. In the beginning of each session a standard probe eliciting /s/ in various contexts at the sentence, word and syllable levels will be elicited. Following the /s/ probes, the session will consist of relatively unstructured, highly interactive prepractice for 10 minutes, which is designed to provide instruction on the phonetic requirements for /s/ and shaping strategies to transform the child's current productions into accurate /s/. The remainder of the session will elicit up to 150 syllables/words or 40 minutes of practice, whichever occurs first. Practice will occur in blocks of 10 consecutive trials on the same item (e.g., 10 /sa/), after which a new item will be addressed (e.g., 10 /se/). Within each block, the clinician will provide qualitative (knowledge of performance) feedback as prompted by the research team's custom open-source software, Challenge Point Program (CPP). The CPP software prompts clinician actions such as delivery of knowledge of performance (KP) feedback, promoting increased fidelity in treatment implementation both within and across sites. It also enables systematic changes in practice difficulty based on participant performance, as follows: after the software presents a stimulus and the participant attempts to produce it, the clinician scores the response as 0 or 1 based on their clinical impression of an incorrect or correct production of /s/. Following each block of ten trials, the software automatically tallies the scores entered by the clinician and uses them to make adaptive changes in practice difficulty. When a participant demonstrates at least 80% cumulative accuracy at the session level, the participants will be advanced from syllable to word-level practice; if the cumulative session-level accuracy drops below 50%, the participants will be dropped back to the syllable level to decrease difficulty. In word-level practice, parameters are adjusted on a rotating basis so that as accuracy increases, either the frequency of feedback is reduced (80%-50%-20%-0%), clinician models are faded, or word shapes increase in complexity. Qualitative feedback (either biofeedback or verbal clinician feedback) will begin at 80% of trials and, contingent upon the participant's performance, will be systematically decreased to 0% .
46 studies on the registry are indexed under Speech Sound Disorder; 16 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 6 is below the median of 40 across 39 interventional studies indexed under Speech Sound Disorder.
Browse Speech Sound Disorder studies →Montclair State University is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; 5 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Visual-acoustic biofeedback using the the SonaSpeech II software running the Sona Match module with the real-time FFT function.
Behavioral: Visual-acoustic biofeedback for Sibilants
Participants will view a real-time FFT spectrum and will be cued to match a visual target for /s/ where the spectral energy is concentrated to the right side of the display, primarily in the 5000-10,000 Hz region of the spectrum. Practice will occur in blocks of 10 consecutive trials on the same item (e.g., 10 /sa/), after which a new item will be addressed (e.g., 10 /se/). Within each block, the clinician will provide qualitative (knowledge of performance) feedback as prompted by the research team's custom open-source software, Challenge Point Program (CPP). The CPP software prompts clinician actions such as delivery of knowledge of performance (KP) feedback. Following each block of ten trials, the software automatically tallies the scores entered by the clinician and uses the summed scores to make adaptive changes in practice difficulty.
Perceptually rated accuracy of /s/ production
To assess generalization of perceptual training to production, participants will be assessed with standard probes administered in the first three baseline sessions , at the start of each treatment session and in three post-treatment maintenance sessions. Probes will elicit 60 words \[considered the primary target\], containing /s, z/ in various phonetic contexts. Stimuli in each probe will be presented individually in randomized order. No auditory models will be provided; for children with reading difficulty, semantic cues will be provided to elicit the intended word. Individual words will be isolated from the audio record of each word probe and presented in randomized order for binary rating (correct/incorrect) by 4 trained listeners who are blind to treatment condition and time point (but will see the written representation of each target word). The proportion of "correct" ratings for each token will be used as the measure of perceptually rated accuracy.
Time frame: Standard word probes will be elicited at baseline and post treatment (after 20 weeks).
Survey evaluating impacts of treatment on participants' socio-emotional well-being
This 11-item survey, which asks parents to report the impact of speech disorder on the child's social, emotional, and academic well-being, was validated in a published study by members of the research team. An impact score, calculated as described in the research team's previous research, will be used as the primary measure of socio-emotional well-being.
Time frame: The survey will be administered at baseline and post-treatment (after 20 weeks).
Started Jul 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jul 2027, 24 months after the start.
Of 23 interventional studies with no phase under Speech Sound Disorder, half reached primary completion within 57 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 57. This study's planned 24 months is below that.
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