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CompletedNCT06949163Updated May 1, 2025

Effect of Enteral Formula (Commercial vs. Homemade) on Muscle Mass in Trauma Brain Injury

An interventional study of Homemade formula and Commercial formula in TBI Traumatic Brain Injury, Enteral Nutrition Therapy and Critical Illness, sponsored by Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva" de Morelia. Completed at 1 site in Mexico. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-05-01.

Sponsored by Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva" de Morelia · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year 9 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jun 2023, registered Apr 2025).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
39
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to determine whether there are differences in muscle mass (MM) in patients with traumatic brain injury who receive enteral nutrition based on polymeric formulas (homemade formula with blended natural foods versus commercial formulas).

Read the detailed description

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) lose MM, especially during the first ten days because it's used for organic, immune and tissue repair functions; the patients with moderate or severe TBI are frequently unable to eat food by themselves, so they receive enteral nutrition support (NS) with polymeric formulas. This support has been shown to attenuate muscle loss. Polymeric formulas can be industrially formulated or made with natural food, but there is no information available on their effect on MM using indicators such as femoral muscle thickness (femoral thickness, rectus femoris and vastus intermedius) by ultrasound (US) and phase angle (PhA) obtained by bioimpedance (BIA), as well as gastrointestinal tolerance (GIT).

02

Conditions studied

  • TBI Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Enteral Nutrition Therapy
  • Critical Illness

Keywords

  • Trauma brain injury
  • Enteral nutrition
  • Critically ill
  • Muscle Loss
03

In context

Brain Injuries, Traumatic

1,818 studies on the registry are indexed under Brain Injuries, Traumatic; 460 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 39 is below the median of 55 across 1,158 interventional studies indexed under Brain Injuries, Traumatic.

Browse Brain Injuries, Traumatic studies →

Lead sponsor

Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva" de Morelia is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age: ≥ 18 years - 65 years
  • Sex: Both sexes
  • Moderate/severe TBI (Glasgow \<13 points) admitted to the ICU
  • Invasive mechanical ventilation >48 hours
  • Candidates for enteral nutrition via nasogastric/orogastric tube

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant women
  • Patients with pacemakers
  • Food allergies: egg, chicken, fish, nuts, or lactose intolerance
  • Brain death
  • Limb amputation or presence of external limb fixators

Elimination criteria:

  • Withdrawal of consent
  • Transfer to another healthcare institution.
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
39 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Homemade formula

    Patients receiving homemade formula made with natural food and will be administered according to the study protocol

    Other: Homemade formula

  • Other
    Commercial enteral formula

    Patients receiving commercial formula and will be administered according to the study protocol.

    Dietary Supplement: Commercial formula

Interventions

  • OtherHomemade formula

    Patients will receive enteral feeding with a polymeric formula made from blended natural foods (apple, chayote, cookie, chicken and olive oil), adjusted to meet their nutritional requirements (energy: 25 kcal/kg, protein: 1.3 g/kg).

    Also known as: blenderized tube feeding

  • Dietary supplementCommercial formula

    Patients will receive enteral feeding with a commercial polymeric formula, adjusted to meet their nutritional requirements (energy: 25 kcal/kg, protein: 1.3 g/kg).

    Also known as: polymeric formula

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Femoral muscle (total femoral thickness, rectus femoris vastus intermedius) ultrasound

    Ultrasound-guided assessment of femoral muscle thickness. A certified intensivist physician accredited by the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical UltraSound, will perform duplicate measurements of muscle thicknesses (total femoral thickness, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius) at the midpoint and one-third point of the distance between the superior border of the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine. The linear transducer will be positioned at a 90° angle to the thigh, without applying pressure (no compression). The average of the four measurements will then be calculated.

    Time frame: Change from baseline to end of study, an average of 10 days, with three measurements during follow-up (baseline, 5 days, and 10 days)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Phase angle

    PhA was assessed using a multifrequency BIA analyzer with 8 limb electrodes, two electrodes per limb. Measurements were taken either two hours before or two hours after the formula infusion.

    Time frame: Change from baseline to end of study, an average of 10 days, with three measurements during follow-up (baseline, 5 days, and 10 days)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva"
    Morelia, Michoacán 58253, Mexico
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Compher C, Bingham AL, McCall M, Patel J, Rice TW, Braunschweig C, McKeever L. Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Jan;46(1):12-41. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2267. Epub 2022 Jan 3. PubMed 34784064 ↗
  • Bechtold ML, Brown PM, Escuro A, Grenda B, Johnston T, Kozeniecki M, Limketkai BN, Nelson KK, Powers J, Ronan A, Schober N, Strang BJ, Swartz C, Turner J, Tweel L, Walker R, Epp L, Malone A; ASPEN Enteral Nutrition Committee. When is enteral nutrition indicated? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022 Sep;46(7):1470-1496. doi: 10.1002/jpen.2364. Epub 2022 Jul 15. PubMed 35838308 ↗
  • Katari Y, Srinivasan R, Arvind P, Hiremathada S. Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate Thickness of Rectus Femoris, Vastus Intermedius Muscle, and Fat as an Indicator of Muscle and Fat Wasting in Critically Ill Patients in a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2018 Nov;22(11):781-788. doi: 10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_394_18. PubMed 30598564 ↗
  • Nascimento TS, de Queiroz RS, Ramos ACC, Martinez BP, Da Silva E Silva CM, Gomes-Neto M. Ultrasound Protocols to Assess Skeletal and Diaphragmatic Muscle in People Who Are Critically Ill: A Systematic Review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 Nov;47(11):3041-3067. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.06.017. Epub 2021 Aug 18. PubMed 34417065 ↗
  • Epp L, Blackmer A, Church A, Ford I, Grenda B, Larimer C, Lewis-Ayalloore J, Malone A, Pataki L, Rempel G, Washington V; ASPEN Enteral Nutrition Committee. Blenderized tube feedings: Practice recommendations from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2023 Dec;38(6):1190-1219. doi: 10.1002/ncp.11055. Epub 2023 Oct 3. PubMed 37787762 ↗
  • Blenderized Feeding Options - The Sky's the Limit. Epp, L. June 2018, Practical Gastroenterology , pp. 30-39
  • Voskuil C, Dudar M, Zhang Y, Carr J. Skeletal Muscle Ultrasonography and Muscle Fitness Relationships: Effects of Scanning Plane and Echogenicity Correction. Muscles. 2023 Mar 23;2(2):109-118. doi: 10.3390/muscles2020010. PubMed 40757563 ↗
  • Fazzini B, Markl T, Costas C, Blobner M, Schaller SJ, Prowle J, Puthucheary Z, Wackerhage H. The rate and assessment of muscle wasting during critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2023 Jan 3;27(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04253-0. PubMed 36597123 ↗
  • Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Aug;30(4):1153-1166. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8. Epub 2022 Jul 8. PubMed 35802283 ↗
  • Khellaf A, Khan DZ, Helmy A. Recent advances in traumatic brain injury. J Neurol. 2019 Nov;266(11):2878-2889. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09541-4. Epub 2019 Sep 28. PubMed 31563989 ↗
  • Bailes JE, Borlongan CV. Traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Jun;26(6):593-594. doi: 10.1111/cns.13397. No abstract available. PubMed 32452140 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — No, individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with other researchers. The data collected are part of a small-scale, single-center study involving vulnerable patients in critical care. Due to concerns about patient confidentiality, limited sample size, and the absence of prior consent for data sharing beyond the original study scope, we have decided not to make IPD publicly available.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2023 to primary completion in Mar 2025, 21 months.

Of 491 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Brain Injuries, Traumatic, half reached primary completion within 37 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 22 and three quarters within 64. This study's 21 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 515 studies reached it within 36 months; a quarter within 21 and three quarters within 64.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Apr 22, 2025
First posted
Apr 29, 2025
StartActual
Jun 26, 2023
Primary completionActual
Mar 30, 2025
CompletionActual
Mar 30, 2025
Last update
May 1, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 1, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06949163
Lead sponsor
Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva" de Morelia
Responsible party
KARINA AGUILAR GUTIERREZ (Karina Aguilar Gutiérrez, Hospital General "Dr. Miguel Silva" de Morelia) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 29, 2025
Start date
Jun 26, 2023
Primary completion
Mar 30, 2025
Completion
Mar 30, 2025
Last update
May 1, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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