An interventional study of INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) in Adolescents, Health Knowledge and Mental Health, sponsored by National University of Singapore. Completed at 1 site in Indonesia. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-31.
Sponsored by National University of Singapore · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
The INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education) intervention is an 8-week, school-based mental health program designed to enhance adolescents' mental health literacy and resilience while addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Implementation is conducted by school counselors who undergo an intensive two-day training program. The intervention is supported by comprehensive curriculum materials including detailed lesson plans, activities, discussion prompts, and instructional slides featuring key concepts, visuals, and explanatory content. Supplementary materials are developed for both participating adolescents and their parents.
The study aims to:
Assess the intervention's effectiveness in improving:
The research hypothesis proposes that the INSPIRE intervention group will demonstrate significantly higher scores in mental health knowledge, more positive attitudes toward mental health, increased help-seeking behaviors, enhanced mental health literacy, and greater resilience, while simultaneously showing reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to the control group receiving standard care. These outcomes will be measured immediately following the intervention (post-test 1) and at one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Pilot Study The pilot study was conducted as a two-centre, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design and a 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomisation was performed at the school (cluster) level to minimise contamination. The pilot phase was implemented from 28 April to July 2025.
Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) The full-scale randomised controlled trial expanded to a multi-centre design involving five centres, maintaining a two-arm cluster randomised structure with school-level allocation. The trial was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 randomised two schools (School 1 and School 2), with one allocated to the control group and the other to the intervention group. Phase 2 randomised three additional schools (Schools 3, 4, and 5) with a 1:2 allocation ratio (one to control, two to intervention) to address recruitment shortfalls.
The RCT commenced in September 2025. Participant recruitment and baseline data collection occurred between 12 September and 21 November 2025. Follow-up for primary and secondary outcomes was completed on 27 March 2026.
Process Evaluation Process evaluation was conducted from 18 December 2025 to 7 April 2026.
971 studies on the registry are indexed under Psychological Well-Being; 502 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 700 is above the median of 116 across 830 interventional studies indexed under Psychological Well-Being.
Browse Psychological Well-Being studies →National University of Singapore is the lead sponsor of 206 studies on the registry; 52 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Participants were initially restricted to students aged 13-15 years. However, the inclusion criteria in the RCT were subsequently broadened to encompass all junior high school students (grades 7-9) to ensure adequate recruitment and representativeness. Eligible students were required to be able to read, understand, and converse in Bahasa Indonesia.
The inclusion criteria for parents are as follows:
Exclusion Criteria:
Receive an 8-week school-based program aimed at enhancing adolescent mental health, attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, resilience and addressing depression and anxiety.
Behavioral: INSPIRE (Integrated Network for Student Psychosocial Intervention, Resilience, and Education)
The INSPIRE intervention is an 8-week school-based program aimed at enhancing adolescent mental health, attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behaviors, mental health literacy, resilience and addressing depression and anxiety. Trained school counsellors deliver this structured curriculum using comprehensive materials including lesson plans, activities, and visual aids. the program provides supplementary resources for both participating students and their parents .
Adolescents' mental health knowledge
13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' mental health knowledge
13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' attitudes towards mental health
12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.
Time frame: immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' attitudes towards mental health
12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors
5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors
5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' mental health literacy
the 50-item Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 200. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' mental health literacy
the 50-item Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales, with total scores ranging from 0 to 200. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' resilience
the nine-item resilience evaluation scale, with the total scores ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicated higher psychological resilience.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' resilience
the nine-item resilience evaluation scale, with the total scores ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicated higher psychological resilience.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' depression
the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' depression
the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Adolescents' anxiety
the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Adolescents' anxiety
the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Parents' mental health knowledge
13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Parents' mental health knowledge
13-item mental health knowledge scale. Total scores range from 0 to 13, with higher scores indicating better mental health knowledge.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Parents' attitudes towards mental health
12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.
Time frame: immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Parents' attitudes towards mental health
12-item attitude toward mental health scale. Scores range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Parents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors
5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Parents' attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors
5-item attitude toward mental help-seeking behaviors questionnaire. Scores range from 5 to 15, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward help-seeking behaviors.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Parents' mental health literacy
The 16-item Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 16 to 80. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.
Time frame: Immediately following the intervention (post-test 1)
Parents' mental health literacy
The 16-item Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, with total scores ranging from 16 to 80. Higher scores indicated higher mental health literacy.
Time frame: At one-month follow-up (post-test 2).
Plan to share: No
This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.
Sign in to followQuestions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.
Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.
Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.
National University of Singapore