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RecruitingNCT06929650Updated Apr 16, 2025

The Safety and Feasibility of Radiofrequency Ablation to Treat Low-risk Thyroid Cancer

An interventional study of Radiofrequency ablation in Thyroid Nodule and Thyroid Cancer, sponsored by University Health Network, Toronto. Recruiting at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 100 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-04-16.

Sponsored by University Health Network, Toronto · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 100 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to test radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in thyroid cancers ≤2 cm in diameter. The main question it aims to answer is:

  • What is the feasibility of RFA use for low-risk thyroid cancers (≤2 cm)?

Participants will undergo a set of pre-procedural scans of the target thyroid nodule and undergo the RFA procedure/intervention. Then, participants will partake in three follow-up appointments at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-procedure as per standard of care.

Read the detailed description

This is a single center, prospective case series designed to assess the feasibility of RFA therapy (using an investigational RFA device) in a small cohort of participants at University Health Network Toronto. We hypothesize that it will be safe and feasible to use RFA therapy at the University Health Network, Toronto. Further, we believe participants will maintain a good quality of life in the postoperative period, including most avoiding hypothyroidism.

Patients will follow the standard clinical work-up to undergo surgery (e.g. lab parameters and preoperative scans). Patients will - after written informed consent - undergo the RFA procedure.

Within the first year there will be three follow-ups with the participants at:

  • 4 weeks
  • 6 months
  • 12 months post-procedure. After the 12-month follow-up, participants will have follow-up appointments every 6 months until the end of the study.

During these follow-up appointments, the clinician will note any complications or adverse events, and participants will undergo blood sample draws to evaluate serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Thyroid nodule size is captured at each follow-up post-procedure via ultrasound, and a re-biopsy may be performed after 12 months to determine if there is material change in the cellular type of the thyroid nodule.

Cost of RFA treatment (probes, human resources, clinic time, complications) compared to traditional thyroidectomy (instruments, human resources, operating room time, hospital stay, complications) will also be compared to historical controls for thyroidectomy costs based on past literature to evaluate the feasibility of RFA as an intervention in this population.

Patients will be given a questionnaire at baseline and post-RFA (\~7-9 months) which includes the following components:

  • thyroid cancer treatment status;
  • the Decision Regret Scale (0 to 100) where 100 represents maximal regret (only post-RFA);
  • the Fear of Progression Questionnaire- Short Form questionnaire (focused on thyroid cancer disease progression);
  • the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS);
  • the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for thyroid cancer (MDASI-Thy), a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire; and
  • the Body Image Scale (BIS), a questionnaire on body image perception for cancer patients.
02

Conditions studied

  • Thyroid Nodule
  • Thyroid Cancer

Keywords

  • Radiofrequency Ablation
  • Feasibility
  • Adverse Event
  • Thyroid nodule
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 100 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients with:
  • Nodule less than or equal to 2cm in size

    a. Specifically: Bethesda 5/6

  • Their age is ≥18 years and ≤100 years
  • Able to provide written consent
  • Able to attend required follow-ups as per the protocol

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients \<18 years old
  • Pregnant women
  • Any concern for invasive or metastatic thyroid cancer
  • Previously treated for thyroid cancer
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention

    Participants receive RFA intervention for thyroid nodule.

    Procedure: Radiofrequency ablation

Interventions

  • ProcedureRadiofrequency ablation

    Radiofrequency energy is delivered to the thyroid nodule via the medical device. This device is a system consisting of 3 main components: 1. VIVA combo RF system (generator and pump) 2. single foot switch 3. electrode (5mm, 7mm, 10mm, or adjustable).

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Complications

    Rate of complications, including pain, burns, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, hematoma, nodule rupture, and deviation from euthyroidism

    Time frame: Immediately after the procedure, and 4 weeks/6 months/12 months post-procedure.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Effectiveness

    Volume reduction rate of thyroid nodule (%)

    Time frame: 4 weeks/6 months/12 months post-procedure.

  2. Effectiveness

    Description of overall symptoms

    Time frame: 4 weeks/6 months/12 months post-procedure.

  3. Effectiveness

    Cosmesis score reduction (scale 0-10 where 0 indicates no issues with cosmesis)

    Time frame: 4 weeks/6 months/12 months post-procedure.

  4. Quality of life

    The Body Image Scale is a patient-reported questionnaire used to assess how cancer or its treatment affects a person's perception of their body. It asks about feelings related to appearance, self-consciousness, and changes in how the person views their body after receiving RFA. Responses are given on a 4-point scale: "Not at all," "A little," "Quite a bit," and "Very much." Higher scores generally indicate greater body image concerns or distress.

    Time frame: 7-9 months post-procedure.

  5. Quality of life

    The Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FoP-Q) is a validated tool used to assess a patient's anxiety or fear that their illness (thyroid cancer) may worsen or return. It includes questions about emotional, social, and physical concerns related to disease progression. Responses are rated on a 5-point scale: "Never," "Seldom," "Sometimes," "Often," and "Very often." Higher scores reflect greater fear or worry about the illness progressing.

    Time frame: 7-9 months post-procedure.

  6. Quality of life

    The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) is a validated questionnaire used to assess the severity and impact of cancer-related symptoms on a patient's daily functioning. It includes core symptom items (e.g., pain, fatigue, nausea) rated on a 0-10 scale (0 = not present, 10 = as bad as you can imagine). It also measures how these symptoms interfere with daily life (e.g., general activity, mood, work).

    Time frame: 7-9 months post-procedure.

  7. Quality of life

    The Decision Regret Scale is used to measure a patient's regret after undergoing RFA. It includes statements rated on a 5-point Likert scale: "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree." It assesses whether patients feel that choosing RFA was helpful or if they regret the decision. Higher scores indicate greater regret about the decision.

    Time frame: 7-9 months post-procedure.

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • University Health Network
    Toronto, Ontario M5G2C4, Canada
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06929650
Lead sponsor
University Health Network, Toronto
Responsible party
Jesse Pasternak (Principal Investigator, University Health Network, Toronto) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 16, 2025
Start date
Apr 20, 2023
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 16, 2025

Study contacts

Jesse Pasternak
Contact
jesse.pasternak@uhn.ca
(416) 340-4792
Emily Saso
Contact
emily.saso@uhn.ca
Jesse D Pasternak, MD, MPH
principal investigator · University Health Network (UHN) Toronto

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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