An interventional study of Tailored in Vaping, Adolescent Behavior and Communication Research, sponsored by Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 13 Years to 20 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-14.
Sponsored by Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The investigators long-term goal is to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health disparities among SGM populations. The objective of Project SMART (Social Media Anti-Vaping Messages to Reduce ENDS Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Teens) is to evaluate the effectiveness of an sexual gender minority (SGM) -tailored social media intervention to prevent vaping initiation among SGM youth ages 13-20 years. The investigators central hypothesis is that SGM-tailored anti-vaping social media messages will be more effective than existing non-tailored messages to prevent vaping initiation among SGM youth. The scientific premise for this work is based on principles of cultural tailoring in health communication for vulnerable populations, the Health Equity Promotion Model, and the Message Impact Framework. The investigators are developing and evaluating a social media intervention because SGM youth have a high rate of social media use and are more likely to go online for health information than non-SGM youth. Social media, moreover, are increasingly used for health promotion to address health disparities and well-being of SGM populations. The investigators will conduct rapid-cycle feedback with stakeholders including SGM organization leaders to provide input on the message design, testing, and intervention implementation to ensure feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.
Aim 1: Explore salient beliefs and cultural tailoring preferences related to vaping initiation among sexual gender minority (SGM) youth to inform the development of anti-vaping social media messages.
Approach: An elicitation survey among 80 SGM youth and focus group discussions among a subsample of 48-64 youth who complete the elicitation survey will explore beliefs related to vaping initiation that SGM youth find most salient. Participants will include US SGM youth, ages 12-18 years, stratified by age (12-15 or 16-18), vaping status (never vaped and are susceptible or have initiated vaping in the past 1 year), and gender identity (cisgender or transgender/gender expansive). The investigators will further explore the social contexts of their vaping behavior and preferences for cultural tailoring of anti-vaping messages (i.e., peripheral, evidential, linguistic, and sociocultural values tailoring) among SGM youth.
Aim 2: Identify promising anti-vaping social media messages and cultural tailoring strategies to reduce vaping initiation among SGM youth.
Approach: Results from Aim 1 and input from community stakeholders will be utilized to develop SGM-tailored social media anti-vaping messages. An online discrete choice experiment among SGM youth ages 13-18 years (n=600) who have never vaped will be used to test the impact of anti-vaping messages and cultural tailoring strategies on perceived message effectiveness to reduce vaping initiation. Results will guide the construction of culturally tailored anti-vaping social media intervention for broader evaluation in Aim 3.
Aim 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of repeated exposure to SGM-tailored anti-vaping social media messages on subsequent vaping susceptibility among SGM youth.
Approach: The investigators will conduct a prospective 2-group randomized experiment among 1500 SGM youth and young adults ages 13-20 to test the hypothesis that repeated exposure to SGM-tailored anti-vaping social media messages will be associated with reduced vaping susceptibility, defined as the extent to which youth are open to vaping, compared with non-tailored messages.
402 studies on the registry are indexed under Vaping; 95 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 1,155 is above the median of 79 across 322 interventional studies indexed under Vaping.
Browse Vaping studies →Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine is the lead sponsor of 460 studies on the registry; 87 are open to participants now.
Of its 33 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 14 (42%) have results posted.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants in the tailored arm will receive SGM-tailored anti-vaping health messages delivered via text message
Other: Tailored
Participants in the non-tailored arm will receive non-tailored anti-vaping health messages delivered via text message
Messages will be in the form of high-quality English-language anti-vaping messages comprising static text and imagery designed to resemble social media posts (e.g., image and a caption). We will create 24 messages based on the top-ranked tailoring features and belief themes tested in Aim 2 to comprise SGM-tailored messages. For the non-tailored message condition, we will create 24 anti-vaping social media messages that mirror the SGM-tailored messages but do not contain SGM identity cues. We will match the belief themes used in the tailored and non-tailored messages such that they represent a range of belief targets (e.g., addiction, physical health effects, mental health effects) as indicated in Aims 1 and 2. We do not utilize a social media platform for the delivery of the message to avoid potential contamination across randomized conditions.
Also known as: SGM tailored messages
Susceptibility to vaping
We will measure susceptibility to vaping using four items previously used on PATH Wave 7 youth questionnaire and NYTS 2022 Questionnaire: 1. Have you ever been curious about using an e-cigarette or other electronic nicotine products? (1 = Not at all curious; 2 = A little curious; 3 = Somewhat curious; 4 = Very curious) 2. Do you think you will use an e-cigarette or an electronic nicotine product in the next year? (1 = Definitely not; 2 = Probably not; 3 = Probably yes; 4 = Definitely yes) 3. Do you think you will use an e-cigarette or an electronic nicotine product soon? (1 = Definitely not; 2 = Probably not; 3 = Probably yes; 4 = Definitely yes) 4. If one of your best friends were to offer you an e-cigarette or an electronic nicotine product, would you use it? (1 = Definitely not; 2 = Probably not; 3 = Probably yes; 4 = Definitely yes) The responses to these items will be averaged to create a score of vaping susceptibility.
Time frame: One week, Two weeks, Three weeks, and One month
Vaping initiation
We will measure vaping initiation in the past 1 week using one item: 1\) Have you used an e-cigarette or vape, even once or twice in the past week? (1 = Yes; 2 = No)
Time frame: One week, Two weeks, Three weeks, and One month
Plan to share: No
Ran from Feb 2024 to primary completion in Aug 2025, 17 months.
Of 184 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Vaping, half reached primary completion within 20 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 35. This study's 17 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 208 studies reached it within 18 months; a quarter within 6 and three quarters within 31.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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