ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT06181149Updated Aug 21, 2025

Auditory Prediction and Error Evaluation in the Speech of Individuals Who Stutter

An interventional study of Delaying speech initiation and Auditory errors and pre-speech auditory modulation in Healthy Subjects and Stuttering, Developmental, sponsored by Arizona State University. Recruiting at 2 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 3 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-08-21.

Sponsored by Arizona State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jan 2024; still recruiting 2 years 10 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
300
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
3 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Stuttering negatively impacts communication and reduces the overall quality of life and well-being of individuals who stutter. This study will provide a strong foundation for developing neural and behavioral interventions for stuttering. Participants will be asked to name pictures, read words/sentences silently or aloud, and listen to speech and nonspeech sounds while their speech, muscle, and brain signals are collected. Some participants may also receive brain stimulation while reading and speaking.

02

Conditions studied

  • Healthy Subjects
  • Stuttering, Developmental

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Keywords

  • stuttering
03

In context

Stuttering

74 studies on the registry are indexed under Stuttering; 23 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 300 is above the median of 44 across 57 interventional studies indexed under Stuttering.

Browse Stuttering studies →

Lead sponsor

Arizona State University is the lead sponsor of 238 studies on the registry; 42 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
3 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • being a monolingual, native speaker of American English
  • absence of developmental, psychological, neurological, or communication disorders (other than developmental stuttering) as confirmed by a certified research SLP
  • normal (age-appropriate) binaural pure-tone hearing threshold (0.5-4k Hz; ≤25 dB HL for younger than 70 years, and ≤35 dB HL for older than 70 years)
  • not taking any medications that affect the central nervous system
  • absence of safety for tDCS, TMS and MRI (for adults)
  • scoring at the 20th percentile or higher on standardized speech-language tests (for children)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
300 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Group 1

    Behavioral: Delaying speech initiation

  • Experimental
    Group 2

    Behavioral: Auditory errors and pre-speech auditory modulation

  • Experimental
    Group 3

    Behavioral: Contributions of the speech premotor cortex to pre-speech auditory modulation

  • Experimental
    Group 4

    Behavioral: Delaying auditory feedback

Interventions

  • BehavioralDelaying speech initiation

    This intervention will examine the effects of misalignment between prediction and auditory feedback in participants. We will use transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce a temporal misalignment between prediction and auditory feedback while participants produce speech.

  • BehavioralAuditory errors and pre-speech auditory modulation

    This intervention will examine the contributions of auditory errors to pre-speech auditory modulation. Participants will receive auditory perturbations while speaking, and we will collect their brain activities throughout the study.

  • BehavioralContributions of the speech premotor cortex to pre-speech auditory modulation

    This intervention will examine the effects of stimulation of the left ventral premotor cortex on pre-speech auditory modulation. Participants will receive electrical stimulation while speaking.

  • BehavioralDelaying auditory feedback

    This intervention will examine the effects of misalignment between prediction and auditory feedback in participants. We will use delayed auditory feedback to induce a temporal misalignment between prediction and auditory feedback while participants produce speech.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in brain activity before and during speaking

    Participants will hear speech sounds in each trial before speaking or reading words. Participants' brain activity will be recorded while completing the speaking or reading tasks. The investigators will measure how the participant's brain activity in response to the played sounds changes during speaking and reading tasks. For this purpose, the investigators will measure the amplitude of the brain activity (in microvolts; µV) measured using a commercial electroencephalography system. The amplitude (µV) of the brain signals will be examined both before speaking and during speaking at two time points.

    Time frame: within each session of the study that may last up to 2 hours

  2. change in speech when participants experience auditory errors

    In each trial, participants will experience an auditory error while they produce speech (e.g., they may say "head" but hear "had"). The investigators will measure how the participants' speech changes due to auditory errors that they experience in the current trial. For this p\[purpose, the investigators will use commercial microphones to record speech signals and then examine the amplitude of the speech in specific frequency ranges (measured in Hertz; Hz). The frequencies (Hz) of speech in trials with auditory errors will be compared with those without auditory errors.

    Time frame: within each session of the study that may last up to 2 hours

07

Study locations

2 of 2 sites recruiting
  • Arizona State University
    Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
    Recruiting
    • Ayoub Daliri · Contactayoub.daliri@asu.edu · 480-727-8397
    • Ayoub Daliri, PhD · Principal investigator
  • Univeristy of Washington
    Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
    Recruiting
    • Ludo Max · ContactLudoMax@uw.edu · 206-543-2674
    • Ludo Max, PhD · Principal investigator
08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jan 2024 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2027, 47 months after the start.

Of 37 interventional studies with no phase under Stuttering, half reached primary completion within 28 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 38. This study's planned 47 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 7, 2023
First posted
Dec 26, 2023
StartActual
Jan 1, 2024
Primary completionEst.
Dec 30, 2027
CompletionEst.
Dec 30, 2027
Last update
Aug 21, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 21, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06181149
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 26, 2023
Start date
Jan 1, 2024
Primary completion
Dec 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 21, 2025

Study contacts

Ayoub Daliri, PhD
Contact
ayoub.daliri@asu.edu
4807278397

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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