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CompletedNCT05999552Updated Oct 2, 2025

The Effect of Eye Exercises in Individuals With Eye Refractive Defects

An interventional study of Eye exercises in Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects, sponsored by Hacettepe University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-10-02.

Sponsored by Hacettepe University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

According to the World Health Organization's statement published in 2014, 43% of visual impairment is overhauled by uncorrected refractive errors. The change of body and angle of light waves while undergoing changes in the environment due to the temperature difference between the environments is called refraction. The refractive errors found in the eye can be discovered as myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia. As there are different prevalence methods in eye refractive errors in various publications. According to many studies in the literature, eye exercises in many conditions such as convergence collapse, accommodation dysfunction, movement center of the eye, digital eye strain and dry eye are curative and therapeutic without any control. With eye exercises, blood is applied to the ocular region, the humor is stimulated, the tension of the extraocular muscles is reduced, the coordination between the eye muscles is increased, the eye fatigue and stress are reduced. Depending on the effects of these effects, positive changes are seen on vision tests. Although there is a different view in the literature that includes these eye exercises and their benefits, it has been found to be insufficient in current studies. More work needs to be done in this area so that these results can be stated better and more clearly. With this study, investigators aim to shed light on what can be done in this field by filling these residents in the literature and to examine the visual function and quality of life of eye exercises.

02

Conditions studied

  • Individuals With Eye Refraction Defects

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Keywords

  • Ocular Refraction
  • Eye
  • Exercise
  • Life Quality
  • Ocular vision
03

In context

Motor Activity

2,426 studies on the registry are indexed under Motor Activity; 1,161 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 40 is below the median of 60 across 2,118 interventional studies indexed under Motor Activity.

Browse Motor Activity studies →

Lead sponsor

Hacettepe University is the lead sponsor of 983 studies on the registry; 212 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

be between the ages of 18-65, Having any refractive or visual impairment (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) by an ophthalmologist, not have other eye problems in addition to these vision defects, to score at least 24 on the Standardized Mini Mental Test.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

having undergone any eye surgery (including laser operations), have a prosthetic eye have congenital vision loss, have any disease that will affect the eyesight. Individuals meeting these criteria will not be included in the study.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
40 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Control Group

    any exercise program will not be applied and will only be followed.

  • Experimental
    Experimental Group

    eye exercise program will be applied.

    Other: Eye exercises

Interventions

  • OtherEye exercises

    The treatment will be applied in three sessions a week for eight weeks and each session will be approximately 20 minutes. Individuals will do each exercise shown at home as a home program on other days (days when the physiotherapist does not perform the exercise by video call).

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Nottingham Health profile

    This questionnaire assesses the perception of health-related quality of life. The total score is between 0-600. A high score is an indication of a bad outcome.

    Time frame: baseline, after 8 weeks

  2. National Institute of Ophthalmology Visual Function Scale

    Used to measure vision-related quality of life in patients with chronic eye disease. Overall scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.

    Time frame: baseline, after 8 weeks

  3. Standardized Mini-Mental Test

    It is a scale that determines the cognitive level of the participants. It consists of eleven questions and is evaluated over 30 points. 24-30 points are normal, 18-23 points mild dementia, 10-17 points dementia, 10 points and below are compatible with severe dementia.

    Time frame: baseline

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Van bölge hastanesi eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi
    Van, Turkey (Türkiye)
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Blindness and visual impairment. [Internet]. World Health Organization, 2014.
  • Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group. The convergence insufficiency treatment trial: design, methods, and baseline data. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):24-36. doi: 10.1080/09286580701772037. PubMed 18300086 ↗
  • Horwood A, Toor S. Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014 Mar;34(2):250-62. doi: 10.1111/opo.12109. Epub 2014 Jan 29. PubMed 24471739 ↗
  • Cacho Martinez P, Garcia Munoz A, Ruiz-Cantero MT. Treatment of accommodative and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions: a systematic review. Optometry. 2009 Dec;80(12):702-16. doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.06.011. PubMed 19932444 ↗
  • Minoonejad H, Barati AH, Naderifar H, Heidari B, Kazemi AS, Lashay A. Effect of four weeks of ocular-motor exercises on dynamic visual acuity and stability limit of female basketball players. Gait Posture. 2019 Sep;73:286-290. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.06.022. Epub 2019 Jul 16. PubMed 31398634 ↗
  • Morimoto H, Asai Y, Johnson EG, Lohman EB, Khoo K, Mizutani Y, Mizutani T. Effect of oculo-motor and gaze stability exercises on postural stability and dynamic visual acuity in healthy young adults. Gait Posture. 2011 Apr;33(4):600-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.016. Epub 2011 Feb 19. PubMed 21334899 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 2, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05999552
Lead sponsor
Hacettepe University
Collaborators
Halic University, Bahçeşehir University, Yuzuncu Yil University
Responsible party
Emine Nur Demircan (Senior Physiotherapist, Hacettepe University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 21, 2023
Start date
Sep 5, 2023
Primary completion
Dec 15, 2023
Completion
Jun 30, 2024
Last update
Oct 2, 2025

Study contacts

Berna Calp, PT, MSc
principal investigator · Halic University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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