ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT05903027GAINERUpdated Jan 21, 2026

Gepant treAtments: EffectIveNess and tolERability (GAINER)

An observational study in Migraine, Migraine With Aura and Migraine Without Aura, sponsored by University of Florence. Recruiting at 2 sites in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-21.

Sponsored by University of Florence · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jun 2023; still recruiting 3 years 4 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
100
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this prospective and multicentric study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of rimegepant as acute migraine treatment in a cohort of episodic or chronic migraine patients.

Read the detailed description

Rimegepant belongs to the gepants family, small molecules calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists. It is a new generation gepants, currently available as an orally disintegrating tablet at a single dose of 75 mg. It has a double indication both for acute treatment for migraine with and without aura and preventive treatment of episodic migraine. Previous randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials and open label extensions demonstrated its effectiveness in the acute setting for a single migraine attack of both the oral tablet and the orally disintegrating tablet. Pooled analysis of previous randomized clinical trials also showed rimegepant effectiveness in patients with a history of insufficient response to triptans.

Previous studies also demonstrated a good tolerability profile. The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infection.

In this prospective multicentric study we aim to evaluate Rimegepant effectiveness and tolerability as acute migraine treatment in a real-world setting.

Subjects who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and will participate in the study. Baseline demographic and clinical data will be collected at the baseline. Patients will be asked to treat their next migraine attack with Rimegepant 75 mg orally disintegrating tablet.

Data will be collected at baseline, during at least 4 migraine attacks treated with Rimegepant and at 3 months follow-up.

Subjects will be asked to complete assessment of their migraine attack at baseline and at 30 - 60 - 90 and 120 minutes after administration of the acute treatment for at least four migraine attacks. A final timepoint at 24 hours post-dose will be assessed only for the first attack.

Data collection will focus on: i) demographic data, ii) migraine history, iii) pain level and evolution, iv) presence and evolution of migraine associated symptoms, most bothersome symptom and aura, v) migraine associated disability, vi) patients's global impression of change (PGIC) and evaluation on the acute treatment (Migraine-ACT), vii) tolerability and eventual treatment-emergent adverse events. The online database REDCap will be used for data collection.

02

Conditions studied

  • Migraine
  • Migraine With Aura
  • Migraine Without Aura
  • Chronic Migraine

Keywords

  • Headache
  • Medication overuse headache
  • Pain
  • Gepant
  • Triptan
03

In context

Migraine Disorders

1,657 studies on the registry are indexed under Migraine Disorders; 339 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 100 is below the median of 137 across 331 observational studies indexed under Migraine Disorders.

Browse Migraine Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Florence is the lead sponsor of 76 studies on the registry; 18 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Multicentric study on patients attending the outpatient clinic of Italian Headache centres who meet criteria for Rimegepant use for acute migraine treatments.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Diagnosis of migraine without aura, migraine with aura, or chronic migraine according to the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD-III).
  • At least 3 MMDs
  • Good compliance to study procedures
  • Availability of headache diary at least of the preceding months before enrollment

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects with for use of gepants;
  • Concomitant diagnosis of medical diseases and/or comorbidities that, in the Investigator's opinion might interfere with study assessments;
  • medical comorbidities that could interfere with study results;
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
100 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Episodic migraine

    Patients affected by an episodic pattern migraine(\< 15 monthly headache days) with or without aura according to ICHD-III criteria.

    Drug: Rimegepant 75 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet

  • Chronic migraine

    Patients affected by chronic migraine according to ICHD-III criteria.

    Drug: Rimegepant 75 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet

Interventions

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Headache pain freedom at 2 hours post-dose during the first attack

    The percentage of subjects that report no headache pain at 2 hours after drug intake. Pain will be measured on a 4 point Likert scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose

  2. Occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events

    To evaluate the safety and tolerability of Rimegepant in migraine subjects.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Headache pain freedom at 2 hours post-dose across all treated attacks

    The percentage of subjects that report no headache pain at 2 hours after drug intake across all' treated attacks. Pain will be measured on a 4 point Likert scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose for all treated attacks

  2. Headache pain relief at 2 hours post-dose during the first attack

    The percentage of subjects that report mild or none headache pain at 2 hours after drug intake during the first attack. Pain will be measured on a 4 point Likert scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose

  3. Headache pain relief at 2 hours post-dose across all treated attacks

    The percentage of subjects that report mild or none headache pain at 2 hours after drug intake across all treated attack. Pain will be measured on a 4 point Likert scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose for all treated attacks

  4. Ability to function normally at 2 hours post-dose during the first attack

    The percentage of subjects that self-report no functional disability at 2 hours post-dose. Functional disability will be assessed through the Functional Disability Scale (FDS), a four-point scale: normal, mildly impaired, severely impaired, requires daily activities interruption.

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose

  5. Ability to function normally at 2 hours post-dose across all treated attacks

    The percentage of subjects that self-report no functional disability at 2 hours post-dose. Functional disability will be assessed through the Functional Disability Scale, a four-point scale: normal, mildly impaired, severely impaired, requires daily activities interruption.

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose for all treated attacks

  6. Freedom from the most bothersome symptom (MBS) associated with migraine at 2 hours post-dose during the first attack

    The percentage of subjects that report complete MBS resolution at 2 hours after drug intake. MBS will be measured on a 4 point Likert scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose

  7. Headache recurrence for the first-attack

    Percentage of subjects who became pain free at 2 hours post-dose and report new headache pain within 24 hours post-dose.

    Time frame: between 2 hours and 24 hours post-dose

  8. Rescue medications use for the first attack

    Percentage of subjects who take a rescue medication after 2 hour post-dose. Rescue medications will be measured using a binary scale (0=no consumption, 1=consumption)

    Time frame: between 2 hours and 24 hours post dose

  9. Treatment satisfaction

    Level of patients' self-reported satisfaction which will be measured on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (0=no satisfaction, 10= the highest satisfaction) and Patients Global Impression of Change (0= no changing, 7= a change that makes the difference).

    Time frame: 2 hours post-dose for all treated attacks

  10. Self-reported treatment effectiveness

    Level of patients' self-reported treatment effectiveness measured by Migraine Assessment of Current Therapy (Migraine-ACT) a 4-item questionnaire about treatment effectiveness and daily life repercussions.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

07

Study locations

2 of 2 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Lipton RB, Croop R, Stock EG, Stock DA, Morris BA, Frost M, Dubowchik GM, Conway CM, Coric V, Goadsby PJ. Rimegepant, an Oral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist, for Migraine. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 11;381(2):142-149. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811090. PubMed 31291516 ↗
  • Croop R, Goadsby PJ, Stock DA, Conway CM, Forshaw M, Stock EG, Coric V, Lipton RB. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rimegepant orally disintegrating tablet for the acute treatment of migraine: a randomised, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Aug 31;394(10200):737-745. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31606-X. Epub 2019 Jul 13. PubMed 31311674 ↗
  • Lipton RB, Blumenfeld A, Jensen CM, Croop R, Thiry A, L'Italien G, Morris BA, Coric V, Goadsby PJ. Efficacy of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine based on triptan treatment experience: Pooled results from three phase 3 randomized clinical trials. Cephalalgia. 2023 Feb;43(2):3331024221141686. doi: 10.1177/03331024221141686. PubMed 36739511 ↗
  • Iannone LF, Vaghi G, Sebastianelli G, Casillo F, Russo A, Silvestro M, Pistoia F, Volta GD, Cortinovis M, Chiarugi A, Montisano DA, Prudenzano MP, Cevoli S, Mampreso E, Avino G, Romozzi M, Valente M, Fasano C, Battistini S, Granato A, Piella EM, Rainero I, Ornello R, De Icco R; Italian Headache Registry (RICe) Study Group. Effectiveness and tolerability of rimegepant in the acute treatment of migraine: a real-world, prospective, multicentric study (GAINER study). J Headache Pain. 2025 Jan 6;26(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s10194-024-01935-8. PubMed 39762740 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2023 to primary completion in Jun 2024, 12 months.

Of 132 non-industry observational studies under Migraine Disorders, half reached primary completion within 27 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 72. This study's 12 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 160 studies reached it within 27 months; a quarter within 13 and three quarters within 63.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 5, 2023
First posted
Jun 15, 2023
StartActual
Jun 15, 2023
Primary completionActual
Jun 15, 2024
CompletionEst.
Sep 15, 2026
Last update
Jan 21, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 21, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05903027
Lead sponsor
University of Florence
Collaborators
IRCCS National Neurological Institute "C. Mondino" Foundation, Società Italiana per lo Studio delle Cefalee, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, University of Roma La Sapienza, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Modena, Ospedale di Piove di Sacco, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria della Misericordia, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Cliniche Humanitas Gavazzeni, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Auxologico San Luca, Asst Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute
Responsible party
Luigi Francesco Iannone (Researcher, University of Florence) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 15, 2023
Start date
Jun 15, 2023
Primary completion
Jun 15, 2024
Completion
Sep 15, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jan 21, 2026

Study contacts

Luigi F Iannone, MD
Contact
luigifrancesco.iannone@unifi.it
+393896969606
Roberto De Icco, MD
Contact
roberto.deicco@mondino.it

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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